Common painkillers such as aspirin and ibuprofen appear to lower a man's PSA level, the blood biomarker used to gauge prostate cancer risk. However, the study does not prove a direct link between the medications and reduced risk of prostate cancer.
A team of researchers found definitive genetic proof of how osteoarthritis destroys joint cartilage in nearly 21 million aging Americans. The study used genetically engineered mice to show that high levels of beta-catenin lead to cartilage destruction and bony growths, providing a new foundation for treating OA.
Researchers found that HHV-6 is integrated into the chromosomes of babies born with the virus, differing from congenital CMV infections. This unique mode of infection may occur in up to 1 in 116 newborns, affecting their development and immune system.
Researchers found that steady blood flow creates frictional force and stretching force that protect blood vessels from atherosclerosis. The study identified proteins involved in this process, including PECAM-1 and Fyn, which could lead to the development of new therapies.
Researchers have found that a common treatment for advanced prostate cancer can actually cause some cancer cells to grow, rather than stopping them. The androgen receptor plays a versatile role in the disease, acting as both a tumor promoter and suppressor in different cell types.
Researchers have identified Smurf1 as a signaling partner that damages bone in rheumatoid arthritis, guiding the development of new drugs to reverse bone loss. The study also suggests potential applications against osteoporosis by targeting Smurf1 with specific drugs.
Researchers have discovered a new tool that can measure the extent of oxidative stress and determine how well antioxidants work. The study used a protein-based probe to detect fleeting bursts of superoxide production, which is associated with cellular damage in various diseases.
Researchers have identified a new protein produced excessively in malignant melanoma, which may help distinguish it from benign moles. The discovery offers a potential target for treatment and could improve diagnosis of skin cancer rates rising among young women.
A new study published in Annals of Family Medicine found that optimistic perceptions of cardiovascular risk are associated with a three times lower incidence of death from heart attacks and strokes among men. However, the study did not find a similar association among women.
Researchers discovered that statins increase the development of oligodendrocytes from glial progenitor cells, a crucial reservoir for brain cell customization. The findings suggest potential benefits and risks associated with statin use in brain health and dementia prevention.
Researchers found that female mice who became pregnant had significantly fewer bladder cancers than their counterparts, with an average tumor volume about 15 times greater in non-pregnant females. The study suggests a possible role for hormones in bladder cancer protection.
A University of Rochester Medical Center study found that doctors rarely use effective methods to help patients remember medical instructions, such as summarizing treatment recommendations or asking patients to repeat back what they've been told. The results suggest a need for new approaches to improve patient recall in busy practices.
A recent study published in Circulation has uncovered the mechanisms by which low blood flow contributes to vascular disease. The research found that cyclophilin A plays a dual role in promoting inflammation and pathogenic growth, highlighting its potential as a target for developing new treatments against atherosclerosis.
Scientists have discovered a molecular trick used by Salmonella to evade the immune system, giving it crucial time to establish itself in the host before symptoms appear. The AvrA protein helps reduce inflammation, allowing the bacteria to avoid detection and spread more easily.
Researchers used human stem cells to repair defective wiring in the brain and spinal cord of mice with a neurological condition similar to fatal childhood diseases. The treatment showed promising results, with four mice appearing completely cured and six living far beyond their usual lifespan.
A University of Rochester team has identified approximately 100 genes that cooperate to cause malignant cell transformation, providing a potential roadmap for next-generation cancer therapies. These genes, known as CRGs, encode proteins that regulate cell signaling and metabolism.
A vaccine created by University of Rochester Medical Center scientists prevents the development of Alzheimer’s disease-like pathology in mice. The vaccinated mice demonstrated normal learning skills and functioning memory despite being genetically designed to develop an aggressive form of the disease.
A new study from the University of Rochester Medical Center warns that temporary separations from one or both parents before kindergarten can predict disadvantages in the classroom. Children who experience separation scored significantly worse on measures of learning and pre-literacy skills, but fared better on expressive language and ...
Researchers found that vitamin D increases expression of a key enzyme, protecting prostate cells from damage and injuries leading to cancer. Vitamin D also reduces reactive oxygen species, which can damage DNA and play a role in aging or causing cancer.
A community-wide study found that nearly 28% of pediatric emergency department visits could have been replaced with telemedicine, freeing up resources and reducing costs. Telemedicine also offers personalized care and cost savings for insurers, who may realize $14 per child per year in savings.
Despite having prior private insurance, new SCHIP enrollees suffer from unmet health care needs. A study by the University of Rochester Medical Center found that only 7% of families switch to SCHIP when they have private insurance options available, and those who do face similar unmet needs.
A recent study reveals that nearly one-third of US parents have low-level knowledge of typical infant development, resulting in impaired parent-child interactions. This false parenting assumption can rob kids of cognitive stimulation, as parents often misinterpret behaviors and set unrealistic expectations for their child's growth.
Research from the University of Rochester Medical Center reveals that uninsured children in middle-class families are just as likely to go without health care as those in poorer families. Nearly 3 million children had no medical care and no prescription use for a full year, according to an analysis of nationally representative data.
Researchers detail chemotherapy's damage to the brain, finding that healthy cells die off long after treatment ends. The study identifies 5-fluorouracil as a contributor to chemo brain, with damaged oligodendrocytes leading to cognitive decline and demyelination.
Human cells have a natural surveillance system called nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) that detects and eliminates flawed mRNAs, which can cause genetic diseases. The study reveals that repression of protein synthesis during NMD is controlled by the attachment of phosphate groups to human UPF1.
A unique study found that people with anxious personality traits face a higher risk of first-time clinically significant depression after age 70. Long-standing personality traits can predict onset of depression into older adulthood, especially among women and those from working-class backgrounds.
Research finds that leaky blood vessels in mice with ALS mutations expose neurons to toxic substances, contributing to disease progression. The study opens a new front in understanding ALS, a debilitating disease that affects motor neurons.
A genetic disorder linked to fatal muscle contractions during anesthesia may also be connected to heat stroke, according to new research. The study found that antioxidants could protect against heat stroke in genetically prone individuals.
Overweight children ages 6-18 show a decreased risk of caries compared to their normal weight peers. The study suggests that diet and lifestyle factors may play a role in the unexpected finding, highlighting the need for further research to better understand the relationship between obesity and oral health.
Research suggests that households with children with autism spend thousands on educational, behavioral, and healthcare expenses each year. Additionally, they miss out on household income due to the 'money in, money out' equation, resulting in a loss of $6,200 annually.
Researchers found that ranolazine shortens the QT interval by about 5 percent and improves myocardial relaxation in patients with LQT3 mutation, providing a potential treatment for two conditions. The drug also showed benefits in improving left ventricular relaxation and increasing mitral E-wave velocity.
Researchers found that resveratrol induces pancreatic cancer cell death by crippling the mitochondria's energy function, leading to apoptosis. The study suggests that moderate red wine consumption may not be contraindicated during chemotherapy or radiation treatment.
Researchers have catalogued the complete salivary proteome, a set of proteins in human ductal saliva, which tracks closely with that of blood. This breakthrough promises less invasive and costly disease diagnosis and treatment monitoring.
Reducing the nogo receptor in the brain results in stronger brain signaling in mice, effectively boosting signal strength between synapses. The findings suggest that enhancing synaptic plasticity can partially counter the effects of an injury like stroke or traumatic brain injury.
Researchers discovered that diabetes drives inflammation and slows blood flow, accelerating atherosclerosis through interference with ERK5 signaling. The study identifies advanced glycation end products (AGEs) as key molecules sabotaging this protective mechanism.
A toxic pollutant found in cigarette smoke, benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), has been shown to slow bone healing by interfering with the process of stem cells becoming cartilage cells. This delay can lead to chronic pain and disability.
Researchers discovered that watery pools of osteoclast precursors in the bone marrow near affected joints may be responsible for the erosion of bones in psoriatic arthritis. This finding provides clues on how to prevent this process and offers a promising direction for developing new treatments with fewer side effects.
Researchers discovered a new mechanism in worm defecation that could be applicable to humans, involving pH signaling and potential therapeutic implications. The study found that positively charged hydrogen ions are used to send signals between cells, which may be involved in cell-to-cell communication.
A study published in Circulation Research reveals that flexing muscles send biochemical signals through nearby matrix proteins, increasing blood flow and potentially reversing poor circulation and healing chronic wounds. The discovery sheds light on the role of extracellular matrix proteins like fibronectin in controlling bodily function.
A new study suggests that smokers may benefit from earlier colon cancer screening due to their increased risk of developing the disease. The research found that current smokers were diagnosed with colon cancer approximately seven years earlier than people who never smoked.
Researchers found that smokers with a CETP gene defect are at higher risk of an early onset of heart disease due to decreased HDL levels. Smokers who carry this variant experience a heart attack around age 52, while those without it have similar risks as non-smokers.
Research suggests that beneficial bacteria Lactobacillus in the vagina can reduce HIV virus levels in genital secretions, making it harder for the virus to spread. The study found a link between Lactobacillus production of hydrogen peroxide and lower vaginal HIV levels.
Researchers found a way to reverse HIV's deadly longevity by targeting its chemical changes that keep reservoirs alive. An existing ant-parasite drug, miltefosine, inhibits the PI3K/Akt pathway, which enables macrophages to survive despite surrounding toxicity.
A recent study published in The Prostate found that men with low zinc levels and high cadmium exposure had a 22% higher PSA level, indicating a higher risk of prostate cancer. Conversely, those with high zinc intake showed little evidence of an association between cadmium and PSA levels.
Infants' bodies expel thimerosal mercury much faster than originally believed, suggesting no toxic build-up occurs. Researchers found nearly undetectable levels in urine samples, with most elimination via stools.
A study published in The Journal of Pediatrics found that nearly 9.4% of US teens have metabolic syndrome, a clustering of risk factors for heart disease and diabetes. The definition of the syndrome has been difficult to establish, but researchers estimate that up to 25% of obese teens meet the criteria.
Researchers have discovered that cigarette smoke depletes the Sirtuin (SIRT1) gene, which protects against premature aging and inflammation. Testing antioxidant resveratrol may help restore this gene to prevent lung damage and diseases like COPD and lung cancer.
Anti-TNF compounds disrupt germinal centers, training grounds for immune cells in autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis and lupus. The team found that these drugs eliminate abnormal B cell activity, raising the possibility of improved patient health.
A study found that 13% of children with asthma were uninsured at some point during the year, leading to increased risk of unmet medical needs and hospitalizations. Children without insurance are 14 times more likely to have an unmet need for medication than those with private insurance.
Scientists found that a green glow in fruit flies indicates the activation of cancer-prevention signals similar to those in broccoli and cabbage. The discovery uses Drosophila as a model organism to develop novel approaches for studying the NRF2 pathway, which triggers anti-oxidant activity to fight off toxic assaults.