A recent Science study reveals that crocodilians have a slow rate of mutation, evolving about one-quarter the rate of birds. This discovery sheds light on how these species maintained their genetic diversity and survived for hundreds of millions of years.
A study of bird genomes reveals that birds are less susceptible to viral invasions or purge them more effectively than mammals. The research, published in Science, identified five viral families that have left a footprint in the bird genome during evolution.
A genetic study of 48 bird species reveals most modern birds diversified after dinosaurs became extinct, with some lineages emerging around 100 million years ago and others in a window of less than 10 million years afterwards.
Climate change is expected to surpass ectotherms' capacity for acclimation, leading to catastrophic consequences for biodiversity. The rapid fluctuations in temperature will require animals to function across a broader range of conditions.
A new study reveals that computer-based cognitive training can improve memory, speed, and visuospatial skills in older adults. However, self-directed brain training at home has no therapeutic effect on cognition. Training frequency is also crucial, with one to three sessions per week being most effective.
Researchers have developed an optical oscilloscope with 20 times the resolution of conventional electronics, enabling low-power, high-speed processing on compact chips. The technology is made possible by a collaboration between industry partners Alnair Labs Corporation and Australian academia.
The study reveals that the US and UK have higher internal inequality rates compared to some developing countries. Despite international trade reducing inequality footprints in many developed nations, these two countries remain exceptions.
Astronomers have taken the first time-lapse images of an expanding fireball from a 'nova' star, providing new insights into this rare celestial phenomenon. The data reveal that the fireball expands at a rate faster than previously predicted, engulfing a region comparable to Earth's orbit within a day.
Researchers at the University of Sydney have successfully applied control engineering principles from aerospace to protect fragile quantum systems from environmental noise. This breakthrough enables the development of useful technologies in fields such as computation, communication, and specialized sensors.
A phase 3 trial found that combining dabrafenib with trametinib significantly reduces disease progression and death risk in metastatic melanoma patients. The therapy results in a 67% complete or partial response rate compared to 51% on monotherapy.
Research from the University of Sydney measures positive and negative emotional states in dogs objectively, revealing that while most dogs are optimistic, some display pessimistic tendencies. Pessimistic dogs tend to be more stressed by failures and less willing to take risks.
The Earth's massive tectonic plates are driven by a self-sustaining process that has shaped the modern planet. Early continents triggered plate motion by placing major stress on surrounding plates, forcing them to be pushed under at their edges.
A study from the University of Sydney reveals a 61% decrease in genital wart management among young women since the introduction of the free HPV vaccination program. The vaccine has been effective in reducing genital warts and their treatment costs, with no significant change in other sexually transmitted infections.
A new study published in Circulation found that low-dose aspirin significantly reduces the risk of new venous blood clots and cardiovascular events. The treatment is especially useful for patients who cannot take long-term anticoagulant medications due to expense or bleeding risks.
A new study by the University of Sydney reveals that emergency department nurses are more extroverted and agreeable than the general population. This is due to their ability to develop strong relationships with patients from diverse backgrounds, making them essential for high-stress work environments.
Fenofibrate cuts cardiovascular disease risks by 30 per cent in women with type-2 diabetes, a five-year study reveals. The drug also reduces the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease or having a stroke by 30 per cent in women and 13 per cent in men.
People with schizophrenia struggle to convert desires into actions due to brain deficits affecting the caudate region. This impairment prevents them from making choices and behaving accordingly. The study's findings suggest that schizophrenics are 'stuck in neutral', wanting a normal life but unable to take necessary steps.
A new trial in Bangladesh aims to assess the effect of lactoferrin on treating iron deficiency anemia in pregnancy. If successful, it could lead to cost-efficient improvements in global newborn health and development.
A team of Australian astronomers has created a 'Google Street View' of the cosmos using a novel optical-fibre instrument. By analysing light spectra from 60 points in each galaxy, they can study gas and star movement, young star formation, and old star populations, gaining insights into how galaxies change over time.
A new study by the University of Sydney found that GP visits and initial assessments for back problems drive a significant rise in diagnostic imaging tests. Most imaging tests comply with guidelines, but GPs are twice as likely to order tests during first consultations.
Researchers discovered that male radio performers have faster and more forceful vocal fold closures than non-broadcasters. This may be due to better control of vocal tension while speaking. The study used high-speed videoendoscopy to examine the vocal folds of healthy performers.
Astronomers discover that small galaxies orbit in orderly disc-shaped orbits, contradicting computer models. The phenomenon is observed in about 50% of galaxies, sparking a reevaluation of dark matter's nature and the laws of physics.
A new study found that over 80% of oral health patients are willing to receive rapid HIV-testing in dental settings. The test can be done with a simple finger prick or saliva swab and results available within 20 minutes. This could help inform people who aren't aware they're HIV-positive and reduce the spread of the virus.
Researchers have successfully printed artificial vascular networks using a high-tech 'bio-printer', paving the way for large complex tissues and organs. The study achieved significant improvements in cell survival, differentiation, and proliferation.
A study found that non-surgical gum disease treatment significantly reduced carotid artery thickening, a risk factor for heart disease. The treatment's systemic impact may help reduce cardiovascular disease risk, particularly in high-risk populations like Indigenous Australians.
Researchers are developing new models to analyze sedimentary basins, combining geological data with complex simulations to better understand their formation and changes over time. The Basin GENESIS Hub aims to improve resource estimates and exploration targets in deep basins, particularly in remote regions of Australia.