Articles tagged with Artificial Intelligence
Duke engineers built an AI optical microscope that can analyze 2D materials with up to 99.4% accuracy, identifying layer regions and subtle defects. The system, ATOMIC, leverages publicly available AI foundation models to speed up the process, requiring no specialized training data.
Scientists from NTU Singapore propose building carbon-neutral data centres in Low Earth Orbit, harnessing unlimited solar energy and natural radiative cooling. This concept offers a sustainable environment for computing with global scalability and minimal land constraints.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine developed an AI-powered approach to decode macrophage gene expression patterns. They identified a 53-gene signature that separates reactive from tissue-healing macrophages, resolving a longstanding debate in Crohn's disease.
A new study finds that an AI-powered lifestyle intervention is noninferior to human coaching in achieving a composite outcome in adults with prediabetes and overweight or obesity. The AI-led Diabetes Prevention Program was noninferior to the human-led program in terms of weight reduction, physical activity, and HbA1c levels.
A recent survey-based study found that even with forecasts of near-term job automation, Americans remain cautious but not panicked about losing their jobs to AI. Respondents showed modest increases in concern about technological unemployment, but policy preferences and economic outlooks remained unchanged.
A new study finds that ChatGPT can provide trustworthy information for pregnant women seeking medical advice on treating opioid use disorder, with over 97% of responses scoring as safe and accurate. The researchers used a persona to frame conversations with the AI, which showed consistency with accepted clinical practice.
The Stowers Institute has appointed its first AI Fellow, Sumner Magruder, to harness the potential of artificial intelligence in biological research. He will collaborate with researchers to design new algorithms and unlock insights from large datasets.
A study published in the British Journal of Health Psychology reveals that commercial fitness apps can have negative themes such as quantifying diet and physical activity challenges, oversimplified algorithms, and aversive emotional responses. The findings suggest a need for user-centered design prioritizing wellbeing over rigid goals.
Researchers at Gladstone Institutes discover a gene called HMGN1 that disrupts DNA packaging and regulation, leading to heart malformations in people with Down syndrome. Removing the extra copy of HMGN1 from mice with Down syndrome prevents heart defects, paving the way for potential treatments.
JMIR Publications invites submissions on navigating AI-enabled uncertainty in healthcare management, with a focus on practical guidance for senior management and administrators. The theme issue explores topics such as AI-enabled reimbursement, cloud migration, and vendor dynamics.
Researchers at the University of Cincinnati developed a flapping wing drone that can hover like a moth around a light source using an extremum-seeking feedback system. The drone makes fine adjustments to maintain stability and distance, without relying on AI or complex calculations.
Researchers at CU Boulder developed a framework for creating trustworthy AI tools that benefit people and society. Key findings include the importance of understanding individual trust inclinations, considering user demographics and cultural norms, and prioritizing transparency and technical reliability.
Researchers developed an AI tool that detects intestinal parasites in stool samples with greater sensitivity than human observers, even those with years of experience. The system uses a deep-learning model to identify parasites in wet mounts of stool, improving the likelihood of detecting pathogenic parasites.
A new study reveals that AI chatbots, even when prompted to use evidence-based psychotherapy techniques, systematically violate ethical standards of practice. The research highlights the need for thoughtful implementation of AI technologies and appropriate regulation and oversight in mental health settings.
Researchers develop geophysical-machine learning tool that estimates soil strength parameters using limited borehole data, enabling continuous subsurface characterization. The approach reduces the need for expensive and time-consuming drilling in challenging terrains.
Two WPI projects harness AI to transform waste into energy and improve recycling. A digital twin simulates a complex chemical process, while an AI-powered robotic system identifies materials for recycling. These innovations aim to reduce municipal solid waste and support the circular economy.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed a new method for fine-tuning large language models with significantly less data and computing power. This approach updates only the necessary parts of the model, reducing costs and improving generalization.
Researchers found that AI-generated content is a triple threat to Reddit moderators, posing concerns over decreasing content quality, disrupting social dynamics, and being difficult to govern. To address these issues, moderators are enacting rules and trying to preserve the community's humanity.
Lehigh University researchers used machine learning to compare bone marrow extracted from the hip and shoulder, finding six proteins that distinguish between the two extraction sites. This study may lead to standardized BMAC extraction protocols and personalized treatments based on protein concentrations.
Researchers propose using the Agent Deed Consequence (ADC) model to program ethical values into smart city technologies. The model captures human moral judgments by considering agent intent, deed, and consequence, enabling AI systems to distinguish between legitimate and illegitimate orders.
A new quantum-secured data transmission architecture has been proposed to address the challenges of AI-driven data centers. The system achieves terabit-per-second capacity while defending against future quantum threats through self-homodyne coherent transmission and integrated quantum key distribution.
The ESMO Guidance on the Use of Large Language Models in Clinical Practice (ELCAP) provides a structured set of recommendations for safely adopting AI language models in oncology. The guidance emphasizes the importance of human oversight, transparent tools, and continuously monitored systems to ensure trust in AI-driven cancer care.
Researchers used five advanced LLMs to assess their logical reasoning capabilities and found that they consistently complied with requests for false medical information. Targeted training and fine-tuning improved LLMs' abilities to respond to illogical prompts accurately, but challenges remain in aligning models to every type of user.
A recent study found that most users cannot identify AI bias in training data, unless it affects their own group. Researchers created 12 versions of a prototype AI system to detect facial expressions and tested how users might detect bias in different scenarios.
The European Society of Endocrinology has released the EndoCompass Research Roadmap, a major new initiative to align research efforts and improve funding strategies for hormone-related health challenges. The roadmap identifies specific research needs across eight endocrine specialties and five cross-cutting areas.
Recent research found that large language models are not yet able to consistently fool humans in conversations. They struggle with using discourse markers, opening and closing features, and subtle imitations. Despite rapid development, key differences between human and artificial conversations will likely remain.
Researchers highlight the importance of designing 'human-in-the-loop' systems with expert input for AI model training and validation. Machine learning models offer more interpretable results, but generative AI requires robust safeguards to protect patient data.
A new large language model, LassoESM, has been developed to predict lasso peptide properties, enabling the acceleration of rational design for biomedical applications. The model was trained on thousands of lasso peptide sequences and demonstrated accurate prediction of various properties.
Researchers built a digital archaeology framework to learn about ancient humans creating finger flutings, which are marks drawn on cave walls. The study used tactile and VR setups to explore AI image recognition methods, finding promising insights but also limitations.
Researchers from MIT and the MIT-IBM Watson AI Lab have introduced a new training method that enables vision-language models to localize personalized objects in a scene. By using carefully prepared video-tracking data with contextual clues, the model is better able to identify the location of a specific object in a new image.
VFF-Net applies label-wise noise labelling, cosine similarity-based contrastive loss, and layer grouping to improve image classification performance compared to conventional forward-forward networks. The algorithm reduces test errors on various datasets, enabling lighter and more brain-like training methods that make AI more sustainable.
A new computer model called CogLinks simulates brain circuit decisions and adaptability, helping researchers understand how the brain misfires in psychiatric disorders. The model's results suggest that a specific pathway is essential for adaptability, and its predictions are confirmed by an fMRI study
Dr. Benjamin P. Brown proposes a targeted approach to improve the accuracy and speed of machine learning in drug discovery. His work focuses on creating a more generalizable deep learning framework for structure-based protein-ligand affinity ranking.
A landmark study analyzed health data from over 600,000 patients across 10 countries to assess patient risk for non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndrome (NSTE-ACS). The AI-powered model GRACE 3.0 predicts risk more accurately and guides personalized treatment decisions.
A new AI-based method optimizes the operation of solar power generation and battery storage systems, reducing imbalance penalties by approximately 47% compared to conventional control methods. The method maintains stable profits throughout the four seasons and can handle real-world uncertainties such as sudden weather changes and compl...
Researchers discovered a common relational structure across all participants when observing relationships between general activity patterns in neurons. This structure may be the brain's way of organizing information to ensure similar perceptions despite underlying neural coding differences.
A recent study reveals that the response to witnessing robot mistreatment depends on factors such as the robot's humanlike design and the observer's moral identity. Anthropomorphism influences empathy, encouraging customers to treat robots with dignity, while moral identity plays a crucial role in shaping behavioral contagion.
CompositesAI helps users create and analyze composite products without requiring in-depth technical knowledge. The platform is initially focused on rotor blades for air mobility, helicopters, and wind turbines, but its uses will expand to handle other composite structures.
Researchers developed a cyberattack detection system that uses federated learning and cloud coordination to detect DDoS attacks in 6G-ready smart grids without exposing user energy-use data. The system achieved high accuracy and precision, but trade-offs were observed in terms of resources consumption.
A new AI-powered tool, EZSpecificity, can predict the best enzyme-substrate combination for various applications. The tool outperformed existing models in accuracy, especially for halogenase enzymes.
Researchers at the University of Córdoba have developed two Artificial Intelligence methodologies capable of predicting extreme wind speeds with greater accuracy than traditional methods. The systems, trained on over 13 years of data, excel in forecasting severe events, allowing turbines to be shut down and preventing damage or collapse.
A novel AI optimization model called GAN-Solar has been developed to address the technical bottleneck of accurate short-term solar forecasting. The model achieves significant improvements on key metrics compared to existing advanced models, producing high-definition forecasts that capture crucial details.
Scientists from Japan developed a theoretical framework that explains how collective cells can perform complex tasks. The key is distributed information processing and reinforcement learning in the environment.
Researchers found that facial self-touching, particularly around the nose, chin, and cheeks, strongly correlates with stress levels during cognitive work. The study also suggests that this behavior may be an evolutionary, self-soothing mechanism to regulate stress.
A new project aims to develop a computationally efficient model that accurately predicts how additive manufacturing process parameters influence the solidification microstructure of binary alloy solidification. This will enable optimization of additively manufactured parts with confidence in critical industries.
A recent study used AI algorithms to analyze medical imaging and predict treatment response in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma. The AI-based radiomics model achieved high accuracy in predicting treatment response and prognosis, revealing a link between imaging-derived features and the tumor microenvironment.
MetaSeg achieves the same segmentation performance as U-Nets but requires 90% fewer parameters, making medical image segmentation more cost-effective. The new approach leverages implicit neural representations to quickly adjust to new images and decode accurate labels.
A new AI tool, SpectroGen, uses generative AI to quickly assess material quality by generating spectra in less than one minute. It can replace traditional methods that take several hours or days, improving productivity and efficiency in industries such as manufacturing and pharmaceuticals.
A new AI system can generate realistic future X-rays alongside risk scores for osteoarthritis progression, giving doctors and patients a clear visual forecast of how the condition may develop over time. The system outperforms comparable tools in predicting osteoarthritis progression with nine times faster speed and accuracy.
The project aims to improve undergraduate education by introducing situated case studies to help students understand AI complexity, critical reasoning, and applications. The initiative serves the national interest by preparing future professionals to use and develop AI, advancing their understanding of workforce innovation.
CMU researchers use AI and robotic mobility to give everyday objects foresight, predicting interventions and moving across horizontal surfaces to help humans. The system uses computer vision and LLMs to reason about a person's goals, translating what the camera sees into a text-based description of the scene.
The report presents expert views on AI's potential benefits and risks in healthcare, including its application in clinical care, biomedical research, and business domains. The authors discuss the need for regulation, evaluation, and implementation of AI in healthcare to ensure its safe and effective use.
The platform allows users to create personalized LLM-based chatbots, serving as a 24/7 teaching assistant or scraping campus websites to find needed resources. Illinois Chat has already been utilized in various departments and research groups, providing valuable feedback to make it more practical.
Researchers developed AI models to identify high-risk children for sepsis within 48 hours, enabling early preemptive care. The study used electronic health record data from the Emergency Department and showed robust balance in identifying at-risk children without overidentifying those who are not at risk.
The ESMO Congress 2025 will cover key topics including precision oncology, antibody-drug conjugates in breast cancer, dose optimisation strategies, new treatment modalities for melanoma, and immunotherapy-based approaches across various cancer settings. Promising Phase-3 studies on ADCs in bladder and lung cancer are also expected.
Researchers developed a more accurate cough-detection model using wearable health monitors' audio and movement data. The new model can distinguish between coughs and nonverbal sounds, improving the accuracy of respiratory disease tracking.
A new smartphone-based AI system accurately predicts avocado firmness and internal quality with high accuracy, enabling consumers to avoid overripe avocados. The technology has the potential to assess the ripeness and quality of other foods, reducing global food waste by 50% by 2030.
Researchers at the University of Missouri have developed an AI-powered method to detect hidden hardware trojans in chip designs, offering a 97% accurate solution. The approach leverages large language models to scan for suspicious code and provides explanations for detected threats.
URNet transforms rapid event signals into accurate depth maps using local-global refinement and uncertainty-aware learning. The system produces confident predictions and adjusts response in low-confidence situations, enhancing robustness and trustworthiness in real-world conditions.
Researchers at Kyushu University have developed a new method to build more energy-efficient magnetic random-access memory (MRAM) using thulium iron garnet. The team successfully produced thin films of platinum on the TmIG material, enabling high-speed and low-power information rewriting at room temperature.