Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
A new analysis by Mayo Clinic reveals that the positive US health trend of reducing heart disease risk over the past 30 years has flattened. Women are especially affected, with no significant decline in risk from 2000 to 2014.
A long-term secondary prevention program lasting up to three years has been shown to reduce the risk of a second non-fatal heart attack and other cardiovascular events. The program, which includes individualized risk factor and lifestyle management, resulted in a significant decrease in cardiovascular death and non-fatal heart attacks.
A meta-analysis of 33 trials found no significant reduction in mortality risk with beta-blockers in non-cardiac surgery patients, but did reduce heart attack and vessel blockage risk; however, it also increased stroke risk. The authors call for reevaluation of guidelines until conclusive evidence is available.
A recent study reveals that a significant proportion of used hard disks still contain sensitive information, highlighting the need for improved data security measures. The research suggests that public awareness campaigns and better education are essential to reduce the risk of harm from data entering the black market.
A new Swedish study found that adjusting clocks to summer time increases the risk of myocardial infarction in the following week by about five percent. The readjustment back to winter time on the last Sunday in October reduces the risk, albeit to a lesser extent, due to the extra hour's sleep.
A large prospective study found that whole grain consumption lowered heart failure risk, while high-fat dairy and egg intake increased risk. Researchers recommend increasing whole grain intake and reducing high-fat dairy and egg consumption for those at high risk of heart failure.
The International Council for Science has launched a 10-year research program to address the gaps in knowledge and methods preventing effective application of science to mitigate disasters. The program aims to provide enhanced global capacity to address hazards and make better decisions to reduce their impacts.
A meta-analysis of 15 studies found no association between circumcision and lower risk of HIV infection among men who have sex with men. Circumcision may be beneficial in preventing other STIs, but its effectiveness is unclear for HIV prevention.
A large review of 38 studies found regular NSAID use associated with reduced breast cancer risk. Aspirin and Advil showed significant protective effects, with a 13-21% relative risk reduction.
A study published in JAMA found that using 5-α reductase inhibitors for treating an enlarged prostate does not increase the risk of hip fractures. The research included over 7,000 men who experienced a hip fracture and found no dose-response relationship between medication use and bone health.
A short one-week course of radiation before surgery significantly reduces rectal cancer recurrence risk by 76% compared to post-operative treatment. However, this approach also causes impairment in sexual and bowel functions, affecting the quality of life for patients.
Researchers found that adding four cycles of Taxotere to a sequential regimen of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide, methotrexate and fluorouracil reduces recurrence and death rates in patients with node-positive early stage breast cancer. This advantage comes at an increased toxicity level.
Listeriosis is a serious foodborne illness that affects healthy individuals but is life-threatening for pregnant women, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. In Canada, recent outbreaks linked to deli meats and cheese have prompted guidelines for symptom management and risk reduction.
The BEAUTIFUL study shows ivabradine significantly reduces hospitalization for fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction by 36% and coronary revascularisation by 30% in high-heart-rate patients. Ivabradine is safe and well-tolerated, even when used with other cardiovascular drugs.
Drug-eluting stents should be avoided in patients with diabetes, short lesions, or large vessel sizes due to high restenosis risk. Extended dual antiplatelet therapy also poses bleeding complications, making bare metal stents a safer option for some patients
Researchers analyzed data from over 700 elderly patients and found no significant reduction in all-cause mortality among those vaccinated against flu. Despite initial reports of a large mortality benefit, the study controlled for various variables and concluded that any potential benefit was small and statistically non-significant.
A randomized controlled trial found that silver-coated endotracheal tubes significantly reduced the incidence of microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia, with a 34.2% relative reduction in risk. The tubes were also associated with a delayed occurrence of pneumonia and no notable adverse events.
A novel data analysis method has been developed that extracts representative spatial filters for each individual subject, reducing the need for calibration before every session. This approach may pave the way for practical daily use of brain-computer interfacing technology for both patients and healthy users.
Potatoes with 'green' patches contain a toxic substance called Glycoalkaloids (GA), posing health risks. Cutting away the affected area can eliminate most of the toxin, reducing public health risks. Effective pre-harvest and post-harvest practices, such as proper soil coverage and harvesting timing, can also control GA levels in potatoes.
A regimen of extended-dose nevirapine reduced the risk of infants contracting HIV via breastfeeding by 20% at six months of age. The study found a significant reduction in HIV transmission at six weeks of age, but access to safe replacement feeding remains crucial.
A new study suggests that increasing mineral intake, particularly potassium, through diet can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products may help achieve these benefits.
A new study suggests that increasing dietary intake of minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium may lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Potassium, in particular, has been shown to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health, particularly in populations with low sodium consumption.
A new study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that patients harboring MRSA for long periods are at increased risk of developing infections, including pneumonia and bloodstream events. The study showed that nearly a quarter of MRSA-colonized patients developed infections within a year or more after colonization was confirmed.
A meta-analysis of randomized trials suggests that an invasive treatment strategy is associated with reduced risk of rehospitalization, heart attack, or death in men and high-risk women with certain coronary syndromes. However, low-risk women may have an increased risk of heart attack or death with this treatment.
A meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials found that interventions incorporating these characteristics significantly reduced HIV risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding diversity within African American communities in developing effective interventions.
A study of 506 healthy older adults found that subtle neurological abnormalities are associated with increased disability, depression, and cognitive decline. Those with three or more such abnormalities were more likely to die or experience a stroke over eight years.
Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) study reveals a protective effect of oily fish intake on developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a 20-30% reduced risk. Psychosocial stress and smoking, however, increase RA risk through dose-dependent mechanisms.
A randomized controlled trial found that raloxifene reduced the risk of invasive ER-positive breast cancer by 44% in postmenopausal women. The drug did not affect non-invasive cancers or those with osteoporosis without high breast cancer risk.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study found that Chinese red yeast rice reduced the risk of repeat heart attacks and cardiovascular mortality by one-third. The study showed a significant reduction in cancer mortality as well.
A meta-analysis of nine studies found that high omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish consumption reduces the risk of late age-related macular degeneration by 38 percent. Regular fish consumption is also linked to a reduced risk of both early and late AMD.
Researchers found NSAID use reduced Alzheimer's disease risk by 23% compared to non-users. The type of NSAID did not affect the risk reduction, challenging current theories about ibuprofen's benefits.
A study found that stroke patients are at high risk for falls and subsequent injuries after leaving the hospital. Researchers recommend fall prevention strategies such as lower leg strengthening, balance retraining, exercise programs, home hazard assessment, and modification to prevent falls in these vulnerable individuals.
A review of 62 studies found that physical activity significantly reduces breast cancer risk in lean women, particularly those who engage in moderate and vigorous exercise after menopause. Obesity and family history of breast cancer counteract these benefits.
Women who quit smoking experience a significant reduction in mortality risk, with 61% of the benefit realized within 5 years for coronary heart disease and 42% for cerebrovascular mortality. Quitting also reduces lung cancer mortality risk by 21% within 5 years, with an 87% reduction after 20-30 years.
A body image program called the Body Project has been shown to reduce the risk of onset of eating disorders by 61% and obesity by 55% in young women. The program, which consists of four one-hour weekly sessions, helps participants challenge negative body ideals and adopt healthier attitudes towards food and exercise.
A new study found that women taking osteoporosis medication alendronate are at increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation. The researchers estimated that approximately 3% of new atrial fibrillation cases may be attributed to alendronate use.
A study found that regular physical activity lowers heart disease risk in overweight women, despite the presence of obesity. However, physical activity alone may not fully reverse the negative effects of being overweight on coronary heart disease risk.
Women using Fosamax are nearly twice as likely to develop atrial fibrillation, a chronic irregular heartbeat. The study found that maintaining a healthy body weight may help protect against this condition.
A study found that micronutrient supplementation reduced TB recurrence rates in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study showed a 45% overall reduction and a 63% decrease for HIV-infected patients.
Research found that women with weekly migraines are three times more likely to have a stroke, while those with low migraine frequency may face increased risk of heart attacks. The study suggests that migraine frequency may be an indicator for cardiovascular disease.
Regular aerobic exercise can slow or reverse the decline of maximal aerobic power, delaying biological aging and maintaining functional independence. By conserving maximal oxygen intake, individuals may retain their physical abilities longer, reducing the risk of serious disease and improving overall health.
Consuming apples and apple products is associated with a 27% decreased likelihood of being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Adults who eat apples also tend to have smaller waistlines and lower blood pressure levels.
A study of over 3,000 adult women found that those with the highest intake of choline had a 24% lower risk of developing breast cancer. Choline is an essential nutrient found in eggs, coffee, and skim milk, and increasing its intake may be particularly important for women.
A new study found that men with lower folate intake have higher rates of chromosomal abnormalities in their sperm, which could affect reproductive health and birth outcomes. Higher folate intake was associated with lower rates of these abnormalities.
Researchers have discovered a link between the bacteria Oxalobacter formigenes and a reduced risk of recurrent kidney stones. The study found that O. formigenes can metabolize oxalate, reducing the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation by up to 70%.
Researchers analyzed data from the QUEST-RA study, which included 4,363 patients from 48 sites in 15 countries. The study found that treating rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs can lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes by up to 18%.
A new device containing human kidney cells has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of death from acute kidney injury. The device, called Renal Assist Device, was tested on 40 patients and found to improve recovery rates and reduce mortality by half.
A study published by the American Thoracic Society found that certain vitamin supplements, including multivitits, vitamin C, and folate, did not protect against lung cancer and may even increase the risk. The risk was highest among current smokers, with a seven percent rise in risk for every 100mg/day of supplemental vitamin E.
A global malaria map reveals a significant reduction in risk, with 1 billion people under lower infection rates. The map, produced by the Malaria Atlas Project, provides critical data for targeted control measures and potential elimination efforts.
A large study found that moderate aerobic fitness can significantly reduce stroke risk for men and women. The study analyzed data from over 60,000 participants and found that those with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness had a lower risk of stroke, regardless of other risk factors.
A growing awareness is being raised about the interconnectedness of ocean health and human well-being, with emerging diseases and contaminants posing significant risks. NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative aims to develop early warning systems to mitigate these risks while optimizing the health benefits of sea products.
A new study found that a 'lung open ventilation' strategy combining low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high PEEP levels reduced the rates of severe persistent low oxygen levels and needed rescue therapies. The study also showed improved lung function and reduced organ failure duration.
A new study finds that eating a diet low in fat and red meat, but high in vegetables and lean protein, may significantly decrease the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This association is likely due to reduced inflammation and changes in steroid hormones.
A recent UMass Medical School study found that over 80% of patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease do not improve their diet one year after diagnosis. The study used the Alternative Health Eating Index to assess dietary quality and found that only a small percentage of patients met recommended daily intake levels for fruits, veg...
A collaborative study found that oral contraceptive use reduces ovarian cancer incidence by 8 per 1000 women before age 75. Long-term use significantly lowers mortality from the disease, preventing approximately two ovarian cancers and one death per 5000 woman-years of use.
Researchers found that a TNF-alpha antagonist can stop inflammation-induced colon cancer in mice with ulcerative colitis. The study used mice treated with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium, which developed tumors due to increased TNF-alpha expression.
A new study found no association between current or past smoking and ovarian cancer risk. However, an inverse trend of risk was observed with total caffeine and caffeinated coffee intake, particularly in women who had never used oral contraceptives or postmenopausal hormones.
A double-blind study found that immunomodulation therapy reduced the risk of death from any cause or subsequent first hospitalisation for cardiovascular reasons by 8%. In subgroups with no history of heart attack, IMT was associated with a 26% reduction in primary events.
Jacobo Bielak has been awarded $1.6 million from the NSF PetaApps program to develop advanced earthquake computer simulations that can improve disaster planning and preparation. The new grant will enable the creation of three-dimensional models simulating how earthquakes impact buildings, bridges, and other critical urban infrastructures.
A year-long clinical trial found that vitamin D2 supplements reduced the risk of falls by 19% among women with low blood vitamin D levels and a history of falling. The therapy was most effective in reducing the risk of single falls during winter and spring, but not multiple falls.