Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Listeriosis is a serious foodborne illness that affects healthy individuals but is life-threatening for pregnant women, the elderly, and those with weakened immune systems. In Canada, recent outbreaks linked to deli meats and cheese have prompted guidelines for symptom management and risk reduction.
Drug-eluting stents should be avoided in patients with diabetes, short lesions, or large vessel sizes due to high restenosis risk. Extended dual antiplatelet therapy also poses bleeding complications, making bare metal stents a safer option for some patients
The BEAUTIFUL study shows ivabradine significantly reduces hospitalization for fatal and non-fatal myocardial infarction by 36% and coronary revascularisation by 30% in high-heart-rate patients. Ivabradine is safe and well-tolerated, even when used with other cardiovascular drugs.
Researchers analyzed data from over 700 elderly patients and found no significant reduction in all-cause mortality among those vaccinated against flu. Despite initial reports of a large mortality benefit, the study controlled for various variables and concluded that any potential benefit was small and statistically non-significant.
A randomized controlled trial found that silver-coated endotracheal tubes significantly reduced the incidence of microbiologically confirmed ventilator-associated pneumonia, with a 34.2% relative reduction in risk. The tubes were also associated with a delayed occurrence of pneumonia and no notable adverse events.
A novel data analysis method has been developed that extracts representative spatial filters for each individual subject, reducing the need for calibration before every session. This approach may pave the way for practical daily use of brain-computer interfacing technology for both patients and healthy users.
Potatoes with 'green' patches contain a toxic substance called Glycoalkaloids (GA), posing health risks. Cutting away the affected area can eliminate most of the toxin, reducing public health risks. Effective pre-harvest and post-harvest practices, such as proper soil coverage and harvesting timing, can also control GA levels in potatoes.
A regimen of extended-dose nevirapine reduced the risk of infants contracting HIV via breastfeeding by 20% at six months of age. The study found a significant reduction in HIV transmission at six weeks of age, but access to safe replacement feeding remains crucial.
A new study suggests that increasing dietary intake of minerals like potassium, magnesium, and calcium may lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Potassium, in particular, has been shown to have a positive effect on cardiovascular health, particularly in populations with low sodium consumption.
A new study suggests that increasing mineral intake, particularly potassium, through diet can lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Diets rich in fruits, vegetables, and low-fat dairy products may help achieve these benefits.
A new study published in Clinical Infectious Diseases found that patients harboring MRSA for long periods are at increased risk of developing infections, including pneumonia and bloodstream events. The study showed that nearly a quarter of MRSA-colonized patients developed infections within a year or more after colonization was confirmed.
A meta-analysis of randomized trials suggests that an invasive treatment strategy is associated with reduced risk of rehospitalization, heart attack, or death in men and high-risk women with certain coronary syndromes. However, low-risk women may have an increased risk of heart attack or death with this treatment.
A meta-analysis of 38 randomized controlled trials found that interventions incorporating these characteristics significantly reduced HIV risk behaviors and sexually transmitted infections. The study emphasizes the importance of understanding diversity within African American communities in developing effective interventions.
A study of 506 healthy older adults found that subtle neurological abnormalities are associated with increased disability, depression, and cognitive decline. Those with three or more such abnormalities were more likely to die or experience a stroke over eight years.
Epidemiological Investigation of Rheumatoid Arthritis (EIRA) study reveals a protective effect of oily fish intake on developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA), with a 20-30% reduced risk. Psychosocial stress and smoking, however, increase RA risk through dose-dependent mechanisms.
A randomized controlled trial found that raloxifene reduced the risk of invasive ER-positive breast cancer by 44% in postmenopausal women. The drug did not affect non-invasive cancers or those with osteoporosis without high breast cancer risk.
A meta-analysis of nine studies found that high omega-3 fatty acid intake from fish consumption reduces the risk of late age-related macular degeneration by 38 percent. Regular fish consumption is also linked to a reduced risk of both early and late AMD.
A multicenter, randomized, double-blind study found that Chinese red yeast rice reduced the risk of repeat heart attacks and cardiovascular mortality by one-third. The study showed a significant reduction in cancer mortality as well.
Researchers found NSAID use reduced Alzheimer's disease risk by 23% compared to non-users. The type of NSAID did not affect the risk reduction, challenging current theories about ibuprofen's benefits.
A study found that stroke patients are at high risk for falls and subsequent injuries after leaving the hospital. Researchers recommend fall prevention strategies such as lower leg strengthening, balance retraining, exercise programs, home hazard assessment, and modification to prevent falls in these vulnerable individuals.
A review of 62 studies found that physical activity significantly reduces breast cancer risk in lean women, particularly those who engage in moderate and vigorous exercise after menopause. Obesity and family history of breast cancer counteract these benefits.
Women who quit smoking experience a significant reduction in mortality risk, with 61% of the benefit realized within 5 years for coronary heart disease and 42% for cerebrovascular mortality. Quitting also reduces lung cancer mortality risk by 21% within 5 years, with an 87% reduction after 20-30 years.
A body image program called the Body Project has been shown to reduce the risk of onset of eating disorders by 61% and obesity by 55% in young women. The program, which consists of four one-hour weekly sessions, helps participants challenge negative body ideals and adopt healthier attitudes towards food and exercise.
A study found that regular physical activity lowers heart disease risk in overweight women, despite the presence of obesity. However, physical activity alone may not fully reverse the negative effects of being overweight on coronary heart disease risk.
Women using Fosamax are nearly twice as likely to develop atrial fibrillation, a chronic irregular heartbeat. The study found that maintaining a healthy body weight may help protect against this condition.
A new study found that women taking osteoporosis medication alendronate are at increased risk of developing atrial fibrillation. The researchers estimated that approximately 3% of new atrial fibrillation cases may be attributed to alendronate use.
A study found that micronutrient supplementation reduced TB recurrence rates in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The study showed a 45% overall reduction and a 63% decrease for HIV-infected patients.
Research found that women with weekly migraines are three times more likely to have a stroke, while those with low migraine frequency may face increased risk of heart attacks. The study suggests that migraine frequency may be an indicator for cardiovascular disease.
Regular aerobic exercise can slow or reverse the decline of maximal aerobic power, delaying biological aging and maintaining functional independence. By conserving maximal oxygen intake, individuals may retain their physical abilities longer, reducing the risk of serious disease and improving overall health.
Consuming apples and apple products is associated with a 27% decreased likelihood of being diagnosed with metabolic syndrome. Adults who eat apples also tend to have smaller waistlines and lower blood pressure levels.
A study of over 3,000 adult women found that those with the highest intake of choline had a 24% lower risk of developing breast cancer. Choline is an essential nutrient found in eggs, coffee, and skim milk, and increasing its intake may be particularly important for women.
A new study found that men with lower folate intake have higher rates of chromosomal abnormalities in their sperm, which could affect reproductive health and birth outcomes. Higher folate intake was associated with lower rates of these abnormalities.
Researchers have discovered a link between the bacteria Oxalobacter formigenes and a reduced risk of recurrent kidney stones. The study found that O. formigenes can metabolize oxalate, reducing the risk of calcium oxalate stone formation by up to 70%.
Researchers analyzed data from the QUEST-RA study, which included 4,363 patients from 48 sites in 15 countries. The study found that treating rheumatoid arthritis with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs can lower the risk of heart attacks and strokes by up to 18%.
A new device containing human kidney cells has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of death from acute kidney injury. The device, called Renal Assist Device, was tested on 40 patients and found to improve recovery rates and reduce mortality by half.
A study published by the American Thoracic Society found that certain vitamin supplements, including multivitits, vitamin C, and folate, did not protect against lung cancer and may even increase the risk. The risk was highest among current smokers, with a seven percent rise in risk for every 100mg/day of supplemental vitamin E.
A global malaria map reveals a significant reduction in risk, with 1 billion people under lower infection rates. The map, produced by the Malaria Atlas Project, provides critical data for targeted control measures and potential elimination efforts.
A large study found that moderate aerobic fitness can significantly reduce stroke risk for men and women. The study analyzed data from over 60,000 participants and found that those with higher levels of cardiorespiratory fitness had a lower risk of stroke, regardless of other risk factors.
A growing awareness is being raised about the interconnectedness of ocean health and human well-being, with emerging diseases and contaminants posing significant risks. NOAA's Oceans and Human Health Initiative aims to develop early warning systems to mitigate these risks while optimizing the health benefits of sea products.
A new study finds that eating a diet low in fat and red meat, but high in vegetables and lean protein, may significantly decrease the risk of symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This association is likely due to reduced inflammation and changes in steroid hormones.
A new study found that a 'lung open ventilation' strategy combining low tidal volumes, recruitment maneuvers, and high PEEP levels reduced the rates of severe persistent low oxygen levels and needed rescue therapies. The study also showed improved lung function and reduced organ failure duration.
A recent UMass Medical School study found that over 80% of patients diagnosed with coronary heart disease do not improve their diet one year after diagnosis. The study used the Alternative Health Eating Index to assess dietary quality and found that only a small percentage of patients met recommended daily intake levels for fruits, veg...
Researchers found that a TNF-alpha antagonist can stop inflammation-induced colon cancer in mice with ulcerative colitis. The study used mice treated with azoxymethane and dextran sulfate sodium, which developed tumors due to increased TNF-alpha expression.
A collaborative study found that oral contraceptive use reduces ovarian cancer incidence by 8 per 1000 women before age 75. Long-term use significantly lowers mortality from the disease, preventing approximately two ovarian cancers and one death per 5000 woman-years of use.
A new study found no association between current or past smoking and ovarian cancer risk. However, an inverse trend of risk was observed with total caffeine and caffeinated coffee intake, particularly in women who had never used oral contraceptives or postmenopausal hormones.
A double-blind study found that immunomodulation therapy reduced the risk of death from any cause or subsequent first hospitalisation for cardiovascular reasons by 8%. In subgroups with no history of heart attack, IMT was associated with a 26% reduction in primary events.
Jacobo Bielak has been awarded $1.6 million from the NSF PetaApps program to develop advanced earthquake computer simulations that can improve disaster planning and preparation. The new grant will enable the creation of three-dimensional models simulating how earthquakes impact buildings, bridges, and other critical urban infrastructures.
A year-long clinical trial found that vitamin D2 supplements reduced the risk of falls by 19% among women with low blood vitamin D levels and a history of falling. The therapy was most effective in reducing the risk of single falls during winter and spring, but not multiple falls.
A four-year study found that selectively restraining elderly residents and reducing sleeping pills can significantly reduce falls in nursing homes. The study, led by the Karolinska Institutet, Sweden, analyzed over 2,300 reported falls and fractures to find a link between safety measures and fall risk.
The study found significant variation in breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, with younger age at diagnosis associated with increased risk for relatives. The research highlights the need for accurate estimation of risks and tailored interventions.
Research found that people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol and are physically active have a lower risk of death from heart disease than those who don’t drink or exercise. Moderate drinkers and regular exercisers had significantly lower risks compared to non-drinkers and inactive individuals.
Breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen or chemotherapy had a reduced risk of developing a second cancer in the other breast. Chemotherapy was associated with a 43% risk reduction, lasting up to 10 years, while tamoxifen use resulted in a 34% risk reduction that persisted for five years.
A study found that nearly one out of 10 registered nurses reported at least one needlestick injury in the previous year, with many cases going unreported. The researchers emphasize the need for targeted risk reduction strategies tailored to non-hospital settings.
A new survey from Michigan Medicine suggests that when women are told their risk of breast cancer is above average, they're more likely to take a hypothetical pill and overestimate its benefits. The study highlights the importance of considering individual risk information when making medical decisions.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs like atorvastatin may increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, a bleeding in the brain. The study found that people taking these medications after a stroke were more likely to experience a second stroke involving blood clots.
A study of 13,615 men and women found that good physical function after age 40 significantly lowers the risk of stroke. For every increase in physical function test scores, men experienced a 19% reduced risk of stroke, while women saw a 29% lower risk
Two studies found that consuming a Mediterranean diet and engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity were associated with reduced mortality rates over five years. The Mediterranean diet was linked to a lower risk of death from any cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
Eating high-glycemic index carbohydrates has been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Chinese and African-American women. Conversely, consuming more cereal fiber may lower this risk. Studies have shown that foods with a higher glycemic index cause rapid spikes and drops in blood glucose levels.
A new model for predicting breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is as accurate as the Gail Model, but easier to use. The model uses only three factors: age, family history of breast cancer, and previous breast biopsy.
Regular use of non-aspirin NSAIDs reduced Parkinson's disease risk by up to 60% compared to non-users. Women who regularly used aspirin also showed a 40% reduced risk, especially after two years of use.