Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Endoscopic ligation is cost-effective for cirrhotic patients if quality-adjusted life years are considered. Ligation prevents more deaths and episodes, but is not as cost-effective when only life-years are considered.
Long-term aspirin use in women with low to moderate doses has been associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality and cancer deaths. The study found that women who used aspirin had a lower risk of death from any cause, particularly heart disease, compared to those who did not use aspirin.
A study found that computed tomography (CT) screening increased the rate of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, but did not reduce the risk of advanced lung cancer or death. CT screening resulted in a 10-fold increase in lung cancer surgeries, which may be insufficiently beneficial to justify the morbidities.
Eating whole-grain breakfast cereals seven or more times per week was linked to a lower risk of heart failure in an analysis of the Physicians' Health Study. The study found that those who ate such cereals had a 28% lower risk of developing heart failure.
A study found that natural ventilation through opening windows can reduce airborne disease transmission, including TB, in resource-poor settings. The researchers compared this to mechanically-ventilated rooms and found that natural ventilation provided higher rates of ventilation, reducing the risk of infection.
A recent USC-led study suggests that long-term recreational physical activity plays a protective role against invasive and in situ breast cancer. Women exercising for five or more hours per week experienced a greater decrease in risk of breast cancer compared to less active women.
Two randomized clinical trials found tamoxifen reduces ER-positive breast cancer risk by 27% and 39%. Long-term benefits persist even after stopping tamoxifen use, with reduced side effects.
A study published in the Annals of Internal Medicine found that a primer, developed by researchers at Dartmouth Medical School, improved medical interpretation skills among participants with varying levels of education. The primer, 'Know Your Chances: Understanding Health Risks,' was effective in both low and high socioeconomic groups,...
A recent study published in JAMA found that reducing body iron stores through phlebotomy in patients with peripheral artery disease did not significantly decrease the risk of death or nonfatal cardiovascular events. However, younger patients and those without diabetes showed apparent improvement with iron reduction.
Taking regular midday naps is linked to a lower risk of death from heart disease in Greek adults. Among working men, systematic napping for 30 minutes or more three times a week reduces the risk by 64%.
Researchers found improvements in diet quality for heart disease prevention over the last two decades, with increased fruit, vegetable, and whole grain intake. However, concerns remain about sodium and energy balance. Additionally, African-American communities face low dairy consumption and inadequate nutrient intakes.
A European study reviews various studies on risk reduction attributed to fiber and antioxidants in 100% fruit juices and whole fruits/vegetables. It concludes that pure fruit and vegetable juices are comparable in reducing risk factors for certain diseases like cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Stroke-unit care significantly reduces mortality and disability risk for acute stroke patients, with benefits seen across all age ranges and clinical characteristics. The study's findings support the implementation of dedicated beds and staff for stroke patients within hospitals.
A study found that individuals with higher folate levels through diet and supplements had a lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The research, published in Archives of Neurology, suggests that elevated homocysteine levels may increase the risk for Alzheimer's disease.
A University of Virginia Health System researcher found that just four motivational interviewing sessions doubled the odds of women at risk for pregnancy reducing their binge drinking. The technique, called MI, has proven effective in scaling back risky behaviors and promoting contraception use.
Research suggests a strong association between higher circulating vitamin D levels and reduced risk of multiple sclerosis among white individuals. The study found a significant decrease in MS risk with increasing 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels, especially among those measured before age 20.
Researchers are developing an online outpatient rehabilitation service to monitor and counsel patients after heart surgery, aiming to reduce the risk of recurring heart problems. The service will provide convenient access to lifestyle changes and health guidance for patients nationwide.
A meta-analysis of 12 randomized clinical trials found that folic acid supplementation does not decrease the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke among people with a history of vascular disease. The study suggests that alternative strategies, such as smoking cessation and lipid reduction, are more effective in preventing cardiovasc...
A study of over 36,000 women found that regular exercise can lower a smoker's lung cancer risk by 28%, but quitting smoking remains the most effective way to reduce risk. The absolute risk of developing lung cancer is still higher for current and former smokers, regardless of activity level.
A year-long study found that enzyme replacement therapy reduced the risk of death in children with Pompe disease by 99 percent. The treatment, which involves replacing the deficient enzyme acid a-glucosidase, was shown to improve respiratory performance and reduce the need for ventilators.
A large Finnish study found that individuals taking antidepressant medications have a higher risk of additional suicide attempts, yet a lower risk of dying from suicide or other causes. The study showed a significant association between antidepressant use and reduced mortality rates.
Researchers found that exercising young rats reduced their risk of bone fractures later in life, demonstrating the importance of childhood exercise for future bone health. The study suggests that short periods of exercise during growth can stimulate bone development and lead to stronger bones.
A recent study published in Tobacco Control found that halving daily cigarette consumption has no significant health benefits. Among the participants who cut back on their smoking, women actually had higher death rates from all causes combined than heavy smokers.
A new analysis by Duke University Medical Center cardiologists found that taking low-dose aspirin daily reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death among patients with stable cardiovascular disease. The study also showed an increased risk of bleeding, but the protective benefits of aspirin outweigh this side effect.
A Finnish study found that intensive lifestyle interventions can sustainably reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. After four years, participants showed a 36% reduction in relative risk, attributed to achieving weight loss and increased physical activity.
Patients with heart failure who started statin therapy had a 24% lower risk of death and a 21% lower risk of hospitalization compared to non-users. The study, published in JAMA, found that statins effectively lowered LDL cholesterol levels and improved clinical outcomes.
The American Society of Reproductive Medicine recommends limiting embryo transfers during in-vitro fertilization procedures to one, reducing the risk of complications for both mother and fetus. The goal is to decrease higher-order multiple gestations and their associated preterm birth risks.
A new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that moderate drinking reduces men's heart attack risk. Among men with healthy lifestyles, those who consumed moderate amounts of alcohol had a 40-60 percent reduced risk of heart attack compared to non-drinkers and very light drinkers.
A nationwide study aims to slow vision loss from AMD by testing a combination of vitamins, minerals, and fish oil. The study will examine whether the added nutrients can further reduce AMD progression, potentially saving over 300,000 people from vision loss.
The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections has decreased significantly since 1984 due to improved blood-safety measures. However, emerging pathogens such as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and viruses present in high concentrations in blood pose ongoing concerns for patient safety.
ACTOS demonstrated significant improvements in reducing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. The study showed a 23% reduction in heart attacks and an 18% reduction in combined risk of cardiovascular death, nonfatal heart attack, or nonfatal stroke.
A large population study found that higher green tea consumption was linked to lower risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular disease, but not cancer. The researchers suggest that clinical trials are needed to confirm the protective effect of green tea on mortality.
New analyses of the PROactive Study found that ACTOS (pioglitazone HCl) significantly reduced the risk of recurrent stroke in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes, with a 47% reduction in incidence and a 28% decrease in combined risk of death, MI, or stroke.
A study found that reducing contrast material injection by at least 10% in elderly patients undergoing CT exams of the pancreas and biliary region can decrease costs and complications. This reduction was achieved without affecting image quality.
A Dartmouth researcher found that VIOXX reduces the risk of colorectal adenomas, a precursor to colon cancer. The study involved 2,587 patients and showed that rofecoxib lowered the recurrence rate of adenomas by 41% compared to placebo.
Researchers found that using budesonide-formoterol as a reliever therapy significantly reduced the risk of severe asthma attacks in patients already on a preventive drug combination. This approach may lead to fewer hospitalizations and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers warn that viruses like HIV and influenza can spread from monkeys to humans through contact in settings such as temples, markets, and homes. By taking precautions like using caution around monkeys, following proper wound care, and implementing public health measures, the risk of transmission can be reduced.
A study found that women younger than 75 years with high dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin may have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. The antioxidants may protect against AMD by absorbing blue light, preventing free radicals from damaging eye cells, and strengthening eye cell membranes.
Researchers found that taking Lipitor reduced the risk of secondary stroke by 16% and major coronary events by 35%. The study suggests that initiating statin treatment shortly after a stroke may be beneficial for patients at high risk.
A five-year study found that taking atorvastatin soon after a stroke can reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by 16 percent in people with no known history of coronary heart disease. The study also showed that atorvastatin reduces the risk of other major coronary events, such as heart attack and cardiovascular events.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that regular multivitamin use before and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of preeclampsia, particularly among non-overweight women. The study showed a 72% reduction in risk for these women compared to those who didn't take multivitamins.
Older adults who drink lightly to moderately may live longer and have a reduced risk for cardiac events than those who do not drink. Light to moderate drinking has been shown to reduce levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, compounds that circulate in the blood due to inflammation.
A study published in JAMA found that removing ovaries can significantly reduce the risk of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. The procedure offers an 80% reduction in cancer risk, making it a recommended preventive measure for these high-risk individuals.
A study of 37,636 women found a significant association between healthy behaviors and reduced stroke risk. Women with higher health index scores, indicating healthier lifestyles, had a lower risk of ischemic stroke compared to those with lower scores.
A study published in Archives of Ophthalmology found that smoking increases the risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), while a higher intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk. The research, conducted on 681 male twins, highlights the importance of prevention over limited treatment options for AMD.
A new study from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found that relaxing the minimum legal size requirement for lobsters and reducing trap numbers can improve sustainability. This approach would also increase lobstermen's incomes and benefit regional economies.
Researchers found that smokers using light cigarettes are 50% less likely to quit than those smoking non-light cigarettes, with the effect increasing with age. The study suggests that physicians should warn patients about light cigarettes during smoking cessation counseling.
A new study shows that a single dose of an anti-malarial drug can significantly lower the risk of malaria in infants. Infants given this treatment had a one-fifth reduction in hospital admissions compared to those receiving a placebo.
A study of 28,812 postmenopausal women found that those who drank more than six cups of coffee per day had a 22% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, while decaf drinkers saw a 33% decrease. Other minerals and nutrients in coffee may contribute to its beneficial effects.
A study of 28,812 postmenopausal women found that daily decaffeinated coffee consumption was associated with a 33% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The risk reduction was independent of factors such as weight and physical activity.
Patients who developed heart failure had almost four times the increase in risk of death during follow-up. Implantable defibrillators increased the risk of first hospitalization for heart failure and recurrent hospitalizations by 39% and 58%, respectively.
A large study found that moderate coffee consumption was associated with a 22% lower risk of developing alcoholic cirrhosis. The study suggests that coffee may help explain the variability in cirrhosis risk among heavy drinkers, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this potential protective effect.
The study found a reduced risk of breast cancer among women taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, with a significant interaction between those using supplements and those not. The researchers suggest further analysis of vitamin D metabolites may help clarify the findings.
The study found that tamoxifen reduced the incidence of non-invasive breast cancer, but had no effect on invasive breast cancer risk. Raloxifene also reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer and was associated with lower thromboembolic events.
The study found that child safety seats reduced risk of death by 21% compared to seat belts alone, and by 28% when excluding serious misuse. Child restraint systems offer improved protection for smaller children, making them a crucial safety measure.
Infected pet rodents can transmit lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to humans through organ transplants. The virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family, has been linked to severe disease in immuno-suppressed patients.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found no statistically significant risk reductions from early statin therapy for total death, MI, stroke, cardiovascular death, fatal or nonfatal MI, or revascularization procedures. Serious adverse events associated with early initiation of statins are rare.
A prospective community-based study of 2,258 non-demented people found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The association remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders.
Treatment with ACE inhibitors significantly reduces risk of death from any cause, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. ACE inhibitors also appear to reduce risk of additional outcomes such as diabetes, congestive heart failure hospitalization and cardiac arrest.
A meta-analysis of 18 studies found a small association between soy food intake and reduced breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women. However, the data were inconsistent enough that no clear recommendation could be made for using soy supplements to prevent breast cancer.