Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A meta-analysis of 12 randomized clinical trials found that folic acid supplementation does not decrease the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke among people with a history of vascular disease. The study suggests that alternative strategies, such as smoking cessation and lipid reduction, are more effective in preventing cardiovasc...
A study of over 36,000 women found that regular exercise can lower a smoker's lung cancer risk by 28%, but quitting smoking remains the most effective way to reduce risk. The absolute risk of developing lung cancer is still higher for current and former smokers, regardless of activity level.
A year-long study found that enzyme replacement therapy reduced the risk of death in children with Pompe disease by 99 percent. The treatment, which involves replacing the deficient enzyme acid a-glucosidase, was shown to improve respiratory performance and reduce the need for ventilators.
A large Finnish study found that individuals taking antidepressant medications have a higher risk of additional suicide attempts, yet a lower risk of dying from suicide or other causes. The study showed a significant association between antidepressant use and reduced mortality rates.
Researchers found that exercising young rats reduced their risk of bone fractures later in life, demonstrating the importance of childhood exercise for future bone health. The study suggests that short periods of exercise during growth can stimulate bone development and lead to stronger bones.
A recent study published in Tobacco Control found that halving daily cigarette consumption has no significant health benefits. Among the participants who cut back on their smoking, women actually had higher death rates from all causes combined than heavy smokers.
A new analysis by Duke University Medical Center cardiologists found that taking low-dose aspirin daily reduces the risk of heart attack, stroke, and death among patients with stable cardiovascular disease. The study also showed an increased risk of bleeding, but the protective benefits of aspirin outweigh this side effect.
A Finnish study found that intensive lifestyle interventions can sustainably reduce the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. After four years, participants showed a 36% reduction in relative risk, attributed to achieving weight loss and increased physical activity.
Patients with heart failure who started statin therapy had a 24% lower risk of death and a 21% lower risk of hospitalization compared to non-users. The study, published in JAMA, found that statins effectively lowered LDL cholesterol levels and improved clinical outcomes.
The American Society of Reproductive Medicine recommends limiting embryo transfers during in-vitro fertilization procedures to one, reducing the risk of complications for both mother and fetus. The goal is to decrease higher-order multiple gestations and their associated preterm birth risks.
A new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that moderate drinking reduces men's heart attack risk. Among men with healthy lifestyles, those who consumed moderate amounts of alcohol had a 40-60 percent reduced risk of heart attack compared to non-drinkers and very light drinkers.
A nationwide study aims to slow vision loss from AMD by testing a combination of vitamins, minerals, and fish oil. The study will examine whether the added nutrients can further reduce AMD progression, potentially saving over 300,000 people from vision loss.
The risk of transfusion-transmitted infections has decreased significantly since 1984 due to improved blood-safety measures. However, emerging pathogens such as variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and viruses present in high concentrations in blood pose ongoing concerns for patient safety.
ACTOS demonstrated significant improvements in reducing the risk of heart attacks, strokes, and cardiovascular death in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes. The study showed a 23% reduction in heart attacks and an 18% reduction in combined risk of cardiovascular death, nonfatal heart attack, or nonfatal stroke.
A large population study found that higher green tea consumption was linked to lower risk of death from all causes and cardiovascular disease, but not cancer. The researchers suggest that clinical trials are needed to confirm the protective effect of green tea on mortality.
New analyses of the PROactive Study found that ACTOS (pioglitazone HCl) significantly reduced the risk of recurrent stroke in high-risk patients with type 2 diabetes, with a 47% reduction in incidence and a 28% decrease in combined risk of death, MI, or stroke.
A study found that reducing contrast material injection by at least 10% in elderly patients undergoing CT exams of the pancreas and biliary region can decrease costs and complications. This reduction was achieved without affecting image quality.
A Dartmouth researcher found that VIOXX reduces the risk of colorectal adenomas, a precursor to colon cancer. The study involved 2,587 patients and showed that rofecoxib lowered the recurrence rate of adenomas by 41% compared to placebo.
Researchers found that using budesonide-formoterol as a reliever therapy significantly reduced the risk of severe asthma attacks in patients already on a preventive drug combination. This approach may lead to fewer hospitalizations and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers warn that viruses like HIV and influenza can spread from monkeys to humans through contact in settings such as temples, markets, and homes. By taking precautions like using caution around monkeys, following proper wound care, and implementing public health measures, the risk of transmission can be reduced.
A study found that women younger than 75 years with high dietary intakes of lutein and zeaxanthin may have a reduced risk of developing age-related macular degeneration. The antioxidants may protect against AMD by absorbing blue light, preventing free radicals from damaging eye cells, and strengthening eye cell membranes.
A five-year study found that taking atorvastatin soon after a stroke can reduce the risk of recurrent stroke by 16 percent in people with no known history of coronary heart disease. The study also showed that atorvastatin reduces the risk of other major coronary events, such as heart attack and cardiovascular events.
Researchers found that taking Lipitor reduced the risk of secondary stroke by 16% and major coronary events by 35%. The study suggests that initiating statin treatment shortly after a stroke may be beneficial for patients at high risk.
A University of Pittsburgh study found that regular multivitamin use before and during pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of preeclampsia, particularly among non-overweight women. The study showed a 72% reduction in risk for these women compared to those who didn't take multivitamins.
Older adults who drink lightly to moderately may live longer and have a reduced risk for cardiac events than those who do not drink. Light to moderate drinking has been shown to reduce levels of C-reactive protein and interleukin-6, compounds that circulate in the blood due to inflammation.
A study published in JAMA found that removing ovaries can significantly reduce the risk of ovarian, fallopian tube, and peritoneal cancers in women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 gene mutations. The procedure offers an 80% reduction in cancer risk, making it a recommended preventive measure for these high-risk individuals.
A study of 37,636 women found a significant association between healthy behaviors and reduced stroke risk. Women with higher health index scores, indicating healthier lifestyles, had a lower risk of ischemic stroke compared to those with lower scores.
A study published in Archives of Ophthalmology found that smoking increases the risk of Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD), while a higher intake of fish and omega-3 fatty acids reduces the risk. The research, conducted on 681 male twins, highlights the importance of prevention over limited treatment options for AMD.
A new study from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution found that relaxing the minimum legal size requirement for lobsters and reducing trap numbers can improve sustainability. This approach would also increase lobstermen's incomes and benefit regional economies.
Researchers found that smokers using light cigarettes are 50% less likely to quit than those smoking non-light cigarettes, with the effect increasing with age. The study suggests that physicians should warn patients about light cigarettes during smoking cessation counseling.
A new study shows that a single dose of an anti-malarial drug can significantly lower the risk of malaria in infants. Infants given this treatment had a one-fifth reduction in hospital admissions compared to those receiving a placebo.
A study of 28,812 postmenopausal women found that daily decaffeinated coffee consumption was associated with a 33% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The risk reduction was independent of factors such as weight and physical activity.
A study of 28,812 postmenopausal women found that those who drank more than six cups of coffee per day had a 22% reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, while decaf drinkers saw a 33% decrease. Other minerals and nutrients in coffee may contribute to its beneficial effects.
A large study found that moderate coffee consumption was associated with a 22% lower risk of developing alcoholic cirrhosis. The study suggests that coffee may help explain the variability in cirrhosis risk among heavy drinkers, but more research is needed to understand the mechanisms behind this potential protective effect.
Patients who developed heart failure had almost four times the increase in risk of death during follow-up. Implantable defibrillators increased the risk of first hospitalization for heart failure and recurrent hospitalizations by 39% and 58%, respectively.
The study found that child safety seats reduced risk of death by 21% compared to seat belts alone, and by 28% when excluding serious misuse. Child restraint systems offer improved protection for smaller children, making them a crucial safety measure.
The study found a reduced risk of breast cancer among women taking calcium and vitamin D supplements, with a significant interaction between those using supplements and those not. The researchers suggest further analysis of vitamin D metabolites may help clarify the findings.
The study found that tamoxifen reduced the incidence of non-invasive breast cancer, but had no effect on invasive breast cancer risk. Raloxifene also reduced the risk of invasive breast cancer and was associated with lower thromboembolic events.
Infected pet rodents can transmit lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) to humans through organ transplants. The virus, a member of the Arenaviridae family, has been linked to severe disease in immuno-suppressed patients.
A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials found no statistically significant risk reductions from early statin therapy for total death, MI, stroke, cardiovascular death, fatal or nonfatal MI, or revascularization procedures. Serious adverse events associated with early initiation of statins are rare.
A prospective community-based study of 2,258 non-demented people found that higher adherence to the Mediterranean diet was associated with a significantly lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. The association remained significant even after adjusting for potential confounders.
Treatment with ACE inhibitors significantly reduces risk of death from any cause, cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction and stroke. ACE inhibitors also appear to reduce risk of additional outcomes such as diabetes, congestive heart failure hospitalization and cardiac arrest.
A meta-analysis of 18 studies found a small association between soy food intake and reduced breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women. However, the data were inconsistent enough that no clear recommendation could be made for using soy supplements to prevent breast cancer.
A meta-analysis of 18 studies suggests that soy food intake is associated with a reduced breast cancer risk, particularly in premenopausal women. However, the study found insufficient evidence to support the use of soy supplements as a breast cancer preventive measure.
A meta-analysis of 18 epidemiologic studies found a small association between soy intake and reduced breast cancer risk. The risk appeared to be greater in premenopausal than postmenopausal women, but the data have limitations due to inaccurate measurements and potential surrogate effects.
Researchers recommend vaccination campaigns, visa quotas, and rapid repatriation to minimize health hazards during the Hajj. International collaboration is crucial in managing the overwhelming task of Hajj management.
A study published in The Lancet found that using chlorhexidine on newborns' umbilical cords significantly reduces the risk of infection and mortality. In contrast, traditional dry cord care practices associated with increased risks of neonatal death were shown to be ineffective.
A recent study found that fondaparinux significantly reduces the risk of death and reinfarction in patients with STEMI, with benefits observed at 30 days, 9 days, and study end. The treatment also showed a tendency to fewer severe bleeding events.
The ISAR-REACT 2 Trial found that abciximab significantly reduced the risk of death, heart attack, and ischemic complications in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS undergoing PCI. The study also showed no significant difference in bleeding risks between the two groups.
A study of 3,297 elderly residents found that medications prescribed for high blood pressure were associated with a significantly lower risk of developing Alzheimer's disease. Potassium-sparing diuretics showed the strongest link to reduced AD incidence, with increased potassium levels potentially playing a role.
A study of 470 Dutch men aged 65-84 found that regular cocoa consumption was associated with lower blood pressure and a significantly reduced risk of death from all causes, including cardiovascular disease. The benefits were not attributed to lowering blood pressure alone but may be related to flavan-3-ols and antioxidants in cocoa.
A study by Steinar Sulheim and colleagues found that helmet use is associated with a 60% reduced risk of head injury among skiers and snowboarders. The risk for head injury was also found to be higher among snowboarders than alpine skiers, highlighting the importance of helmet use in preventing these injuries.
The Organic Center symposium highlights the impact of organic farming in reducing pesticide risks and enhancing food quality. Key findings include the effectiveness of organic farming in dramatically reducing pesticide risks to children, while regulatory actions have had limited success in addressing dietary exposures.
Research suggests that antioxidant supplementation with vitamin E, vitamin C, and beta-carotene is not associated with a decreased risk of prostate cancer. However, specific subgroups, such as current or recent smokers, may benefit from high-dose vitamin E supplementation to reduce advanced prostate cancer risk.
A large clinical trial found that estrogen therapy did not significantly reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. However, there was a suggestion of lower risk in women aged 50-59 years, and fewer cases of revascularization and combined endpoints were reported among those taking estrogen.
A study by University of Illinois Chicago found that mothers teaching their daughters about HIV and sexual health can significantly reduce high-risk behavior. The Mother/Daughter HIV Risk Reduction program, which included joint mother/daughter homework assignments and abstinence agreements, was more effective than other interventions.
A recent study found that reducing total dietary fat had no impact on the risk of breast cancer, colon cancer, heart disease, or stroke. Researchers believe that focusing on the types of fats consumed, rather than just reducing total fat, is crucial for disease prevention.
A low-fat diet was associated with a 15% reduction in estradiol levels and a 30% risk reduction for a certain subtype of breast cancer. The study also found no significant impact on heart disease, but trends toward reduction were seen among women who made the greatest reduction in saturated fat and trans fat consumption.
Researchers tracked over 8 years and found no reduction in colorectal cancer cases with low-fat diet intervention. The study suggests that mid-to-late life dietary changes may not significantly impact colorectal cancer risk.
A large study published in JAMA Network found that a low-fat diet had no significant impact on the incidence of invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women. The Women's Health Initiative Dietary Modification Trial involved 48,835 women and followed their dietary habits over an 8.1-year period.