Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
A year-long clinical trial found that vitamin D2 supplements reduced the risk of falls by 19% among women with low blood vitamin D levels and a history of falling. The therapy was most effective in reducing the risk of single falls during winter and spring, but not multiple falls.
Research found that people who drink moderate amounts of alcohol and are physically active have a lower risk of death from heart disease than those who don’t drink or exercise. Moderate drinkers and regular exercisers had significantly lower risks compared to non-drinkers and inactive individuals.
The study found significant variation in breast cancer risk among BRCA1 and BRCA2 carriers, with younger age at diagnosis associated with increased risk for relatives. The research highlights the need for accurate estimation of risks and tailored interventions.
Breast cancer patients who received tamoxifen or chemotherapy had a reduced risk of developing a second cancer in the other breast. Chemotherapy was associated with a 43% risk reduction, lasting up to 10 years, while tamoxifen use resulted in a 34% risk reduction that persisted for five years.
A study found that nearly one out of 10 registered nurses reported at least one needlestick injury in the previous year, with many cases going unreported. The researchers emphasize the need for targeted risk reduction strategies tailored to non-hospital settings.
A new survey from Michigan Medicine suggests that when women are told their risk of breast cancer is above average, they're more likely to take a hypothetical pill and overestimate its benefits. The study highlights the importance of considering individual risk information when making medical decisions.
Cholesterol-lowering drugs like atorvastatin may increase the risk of hemorrhagic stroke, a bleeding in the brain. The study found that people taking these medications after a stroke were more likely to experience a second stroke involving blood clots.
Two studies found that consuming a Mediterranean diet and engaging in moderate to vigorous physical activity were associated with reduced mortality rates over five years. The Mediterranean diet was linked to a lower risk of death from any cause, cancer, and cardiovascular disease.
A study of 13,615 men and women found that good physical function after age 40 significantly lowers the risk of stroke. For every increase in physical function test scores, men experienced a 19% reduced risk of stroke, while women saw a 29% lower risk
Eating high-glycemic index carbohydrates has been associated with an increased risk of developing type 2 diabetes in Chinese and African-American women. Conversely, consuming more cereal fiber may lower this risk. Studies have shown that foods with a higher glycemic index cause rapid spikes and drops in blood glucose levels.
A new model for predicting breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women is as accurate as the Gail Model, but easier to use. The model uses only three factors: age, family history of breast cancer, and previous breast biopsy.
Regular use of non-aspirin NSAIDs reduced Parkinson's disease risk by up to 60% compared to non-users. Women who regularly used aspirin also showed a 40% reduced risk, especially after two years of use.
A study published in Investigative Ophthalmology and Vision Science found that visual field loss is the primary component increasing the risk of falls in older adults. Mobility training may help reduce this risk by improving postural stability and mobility.
Researchers found that valsartan, an antihypertensive medication, reduces the accumulation of beta-amyloid protein in mouse brains, a key feature of Alzheimer's. The study suggests that treating high blood pressure with certain medications may help prevent or slow the progression of AD.
A study of postmenopausal women found that healthy dietary patterns, moderate alcohol consumption, physical activity, a healthy weight, and not smoking were linked to a significantly reduced risk of heart attack. These behaviors, present in 5% of the population, may prevent 77% of myocardial infarctions.
Men who consume more whole grain breakfast cereals have a lower risk of heart failure. The study found that participants with higher cereal intake had a significantly reduced risk of heart failure compared to those who didn't eat any cereal.
Researchers found that a low-fat dietary pattern reduced the risk of ovarian cancer by 40% in healthy postmenopausal women. The study followed 48,835 women for an average of 8.1 years and found no effect during the first four years due to the slow development of preventive benefits.
Two studies found that early initiation of current treatments following a minor stroke or TIA significantly reduces the risk of subsequent major stroke. The UK alone could prevent nearly 10,000 strokes per year if this treatment is universally applied.
Eating flavonol-rich foods like apples may help reduce pancreatic cancer risk, with quercetin identified as a key compound. Smokers who consumed more flavonols had a significantly greater risk reduction.
A new study by UMass Medical School researchers found that certain popular weight-loss plans significantly outperform others in reducing cardiovascular disease risk. The Ornish, Weight Watchers High Carbohydrate, and New Glucose Revolution plans scored highest due to their emphasis on whole grains, fruits, and vegetables.
A study found that children with a high genetic risk of developing type 1 diabetes who consumed more omega-3 fatty acids had a reduced risk of pancreatic islet autoimmunity, which is linked to the disease. The researchers concluded that higher total omega-3 fatty acid intake was associated with a lower risk of IA.
A recent study published in The Lancet has found that oral dabigatran etexilate is as effective as enoxaparin in reducing the risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE) after total hip replacement surgery. The study involved 3494 patients and found no significant difference in major bleeding rates between the two treatments.
A new study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that preventing or reducing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) decreases the risk of heart failure in high-blood-pressure patients. The study, led by Dr. Peter Okin, demonstrated a significant reduction in heart failure risk among patients with reduced LVH levels.
Consuming higher levels of lutein and zeaxanthin may be associated with a reduced risk for age-related macular degeneration. The study found that participants who consumed more of these yellow plant pigments had lower rates of advanced AMD and large or numerous intermediate drusen.
The ADVANCE trial found that a fixed combination of perindopril and indapamide reduced the risk of death from cardiovascular disease by 18% and major macrovascular or microvascular events by 9%. The results suggest that this treatment could be considered routinely for patients with type 2 diabetes to prevent complications.
Researchers at UAB found that resveratrol, a compound in red wine, reduces prostate cancer risk by 87% in male mice. The study also showed that resveratrol slows tumor growth in less-serious forms of prostate cancer.
A meta-analysis of 17 studies found that calcium supplementation reduced fracture risk by 24% in individuals with high compliance rates. Vitamin D supplementation also showed significant benefits, with a 16% reduction in bone loss at the spine.
A Stanford University School of Medicine study found that a case-management approach helped lower heart disease risks by approximately 10 percent among a diverse group of patients, making it a cost-effective way to improve patient outcomes. The study also showed significant benefits for patients with chronic conditions.
A large cohort study found that heavy drinking was associated with a higher risk of stroke in Chinese men. Drinking more than 21 drinks per week increased the risk by 22%, while heavier drinking correlated to higher mortality rates.
Researchers tested vitamins C and E, beta carotene, and their combination in the Women’s Antioxidant Cardiovascular Study. The study found no significant reduction in cardiovascular events or death among participants at high risk for heart disease.
A four-year study found that sunn hemp cover crop significantly reduces contamination levels of atrazine and its products in groundwater. The use of sunn hemp can help mitigate the risk of groundwater contamination in Southern Florida, where soil and water conditions indicate potential for leaching from atrazine-based herbicides.
A recent study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that weekly progesterone injections did not reduce the rate of preterm birth in women pregnant with twins. In contrast, previous research showed that these injections reduced additional preterm births by one-third in women whose previous babies were born prematurely.
A Tulane University study published in the American Journal of Epidemiology found a significant association between cigarette smoking and erectile dysfunction. The research suggests that quitting smoking may help reduce the risk of erectile dysfunction, with estimated 22.7% of cases potentially attributable to cigarette smoking.
The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) has improved a real-time magnetic microscopy system to analyze magnetic audio and video tapes with four times the resolution previously available. This faster and more accurate system reduces risk of contaminating tapes and offers enhanced forensic capabilities.
A study of 3,088 women with early-stage breast cancer found that a high-fruit-and-vegetable diet did not reduce the risk of breast cancer recurrence. Despite increased consumption of fiber and fat reduction, there was no significant benefit in preventing cancer progression or death.
The FDA review found no strong association between eating tomatoes and decreased cancer risk, but some limited evidence for associations with prostate, ovarian, gastric, and pancreatic cancers. The agency allowed qualified health claims for these four cancers, citing very limited and preliminary scientific research.
A study published in JAMA Network found that antibiotic treatment after a first urinary tract infection (UTI) in children may not reduce the risk of recurrent UTIs, but increases the risk of resistant infections. The study identified risk factors for recurrent UTI and estimated the effectiveness of antimicrobials in preventing recurrence.
Preliminary research suggests that hydroxychloroquine reduces the risk of developing type 2 diabetes in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. The study found a 38% lower risk among those taking hydroxychloroquine, which increased to 77% for longer-term users.
A pooled analysis of data from previous studies suggests that cigarette smoking is associated with a reduced risk for developing Parkinson’s disease. Current and long-term smokers had the lowest risk, while those who quit smoking up to 25 years prior to diagnosis also showed a significant decrease in risk.
Researchers found that dietary counseling leads to a 6% weight loss after one year, but dieters return to baseline weight after five years. Studies also showed high-dose cholesterol-lowering medication reduces cardiovascular risk in older and younger patients, and beta-blockers decrease plaque buildup in artery walls.
Research suggests that consuming three units of alcohol per week may reduce the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis, with higher doses providing greater protection. Moderate alcohol consumption also appears to counteract the negative effects of smoking and genetic predisposition.
Long-term steroid treatment decreases the risk of rheumatoid arthritis-related lymphoma, with benefits observed regardless of when treatment was started. The most pronounced protective effect was seen in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma subtype.
A study of middle school students found that physical fitness gains made during the school year were lost after summer break. The study suggests that exercise interventions should be sustained throughout the year to improve cardiovascular fitness and reduce risk of type 2 diabetes.
A meta-analysis of eight trials found folic acid supplementation lowers the concentration of homocysteine in the blood, reducing stroke risk by an average of 18%. The study also revealed greater reductions in risk when treatment lasted over 36 months or reduced homocysteine levels by more than 20%.
A new study by Research Australia found that carrying passengers increases the likelihood of a crash by 60% compared to using a mobile phone while driving. The risk is lower than mobile phone use but higher due to the prevalence of passenger transport.
Researchers found that a lifestyle change intervention significantly decreased weight, cholesterol, and LDL-C in women who discontinued hormone replacement therapy. This non-pharmacological approach is safe and effective for reducing CVD risk factors in postmenopausal women.
Researchers found that probiotics reduced the risk of necrotising enterocolitis in premature babies by 64% and the risk of death by 53%. The study also showed a significant reduction in sepsis risk and an average delay of three days in achieving full feeds. Further trials are needed to confirm these results.
A randomized trial found that angioplasty significantly reduced long-term cardiac events compared to intensive drug therapy among heart attack survivors with silent ischemia. The study followed 201 patients for an average of 10.2 years, revealing a persistent benefit of PCI.
A study by the American Academy of Neurology found that cholesterol-lowering drugs, such as atorvastatin, reduced the risk of stroke by 4% for every 10% decrease in LDL 'bad' cholesterol. The study also showed a 7% reduction in heart attack risk. Participants with higher HDL 'good' cholesterol levels had an added protection against str...
The Healthy Heart Handbook for Women provides practical suggestions for reducing heart-related problems and includes warning signs of a heart attack. The handbook offers tips on following a nutritious eating plan, physical activity program, and quitting smoking to reduce risk factors.
Research found that individuals with moderate to vigorous exercise levels were 40% less likely to develop Parkinson's disease than those with low activity levels. The study of over 143,000 people suggested a potential benefit of regular physical activity in reducing the risk of this debilitating condition.
A daily dose of adult-strength aspirin was associated with a moderate decreased cancer risk, particularly for colorectal, prostate, and breast cancers. However, the effect on other types of cancer was not significant.
A new University of Minnesota study reveals that young adults who engage in regular physical activity have a reduced risk of developing high blood pressure within 15 years. The research found that participants who exercised five times a week and expended 300 calories per session experienced a significant reduction in hypertension risk.
Research suggests that women initiating hormone therapy closer to menopause may have a reduced risk of coronary heart disease, but this effect was not statistically significant. The study found no increased risk of stroke in younger women or those with fewer years since menopause.
Secondary analyses suggest that hormone therapy may have less risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) for women starting treatment close to menopause, while increasing risk is seen in older or farther-from-menopause women. Hormone therapy also increases stroke risk and breast cancer risk, even in younger women.
Endoscopic ligation is cost-effective for cirrhotic patients if quality-adjusted life years are considered. Ligation prevents more deaths and episodes, but is not as cost-effective when only life-years are considered.
Long-term aspirin use in women with low to moderate doses has been associated with a significant reduction in cardiovascular mortality and cancer deaths. The study found that women who used aspirin had a lower risk of death from any cause, particularly heart disease, compared to those who did not use aspirin.
A study found that computed tomography (CT) screening increased the rate of lung cancer diagnosis and treatment, but did not reduce the risk of advanced lung cancer or death. CT screening resulted in a 10-fold increase in lung cancer surgeries, which may be insufficiently beneficial to justify the morbidities.
Eating whole-grain breakfast cereals seven or more times per week was linked to a lower risk of heart failure in an analysis of the Physicians' Health Study. The study found that those who ate such cereals had a 28% lower risk of developing heart failure.
A recent USC-led study suggests that long-term recreational physical activity plays a protective role against invasive and in situ breast cancer. Women exercising for five or more hours per week experienced a greater decrease in risk of breast cancer compared to less active women.