Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
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Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
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Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The study found that regular use of selective COX-2 inhibitors significantly reduced the risk of breast cancer. Daily doses of celecoxib (83% reduction) and rofecoxib (64% reduction) had a more significant impact on reducing the risk.
A comprehensive review of 29,000 individuals across 22 studies found that mentally stimulating leisure activities can significantly reduce dementia risk. Individuals with high brain reserve have a 46% decreased risk of dementia compared to those with low brain reserve.
A systematic review of 38 studies found that omega-3 fatty acid consumption was not significantly associated with reduced cancer risk for most types of cancer. However, some individual studies showed increased or decreased risk for certain cancers, such as breast, lung, and skin cancer.
A sex-specific meta-analysis of aspirin therapy found that it reduced cardiovascular events by 12% in women and 14% in men. However, it increased the risk of major bleeding events in both sexes. The study suggests that aspirin should be considered for primary prevention in both men and women with preexisting cardiovascular disease.
Climate change is exacerbating landslides worldwide, particularly in Asia and the Americas, resulting in significant human and financial losses. International experts propose various strategies to mitigate landslide risks, including land use planning, building codes, and infrastructure development.
A new meta-analysis of over 95,000 patients found that aspirin significantly reduces cardiovascular events in both men and women. However, the major reasons for this risk reduction differ between the sexes, with aspirin lowering the risk of heart attacks in men and stroke in women.
A new study published in Annals of Internal Medicine found that regular exercise reduces the risk of dementia and Alzheimer's disease by 30 to 40 percent. The study, which followed 1,750 adults aged 65 and older for six years, showed that exercising three or more times a week significantly reduced the risk of developing dementia.
A study found that medication plus beta-blocker significantly reduced the risk of ICD shocks compared to beta-blocker alone. The therapy also showed a substantial benefit in comfort and quality of life for patients with secondary prevention ICD therapy.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) found that screening for prostate cancer does not necessarily prolong survival. The research, which included over 72,000 veterans, showed that even men who received screenings were not at lower risk of death from prostate cancer.
Researchers found that treating severe gum disease can lower systemic inflammatory markers associated with cardiovascular risk, suggesting a potential link between gum disease and heart health. The study suggests improving periodontal health could significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease.
A significant inverse association was observed for intake of vitamin E, iron, and zinc. An above-median intake of beta carotene, vitamins C and E, and zinc was associated with a reduced risk of AMD.
A high-fiber diet from whole plant foods, but not isolated to cereal consumption, has been related to lower risks of chronic conditions such as heart disease and diabetes. However, a pooled analysis of 13 prospective cohort studies found no association between dietary fiber intake and reduced risk of colorectal cancer.
A pilot study finds that a jewelry-making program significantly reduces HIV risk and increases self-esteem among Baltimore women involved in prostitution. The program also generates income through public sales, with participants earning over $7,000.
A study of 83,585 and 73,418 women found that longer breastfeeding durations were associated with a reduced risk of type 2 diabetes, with risks decreasing by 15% and 14% per additional year of lactation. The findings suggest that maternal lactation may play a role in reducing the risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women.
Researchers found African-Americans had a 70% lower risk of dying in the hospital and better one- and six-month outcomes following coronary interventions. However, these benefits disappeared after one year, highlighting the need for aggressive adherence to risk reduction recommendations.
A follow-up study to the NSABP Breast Cancer Prevention Trial confirms tamoxifen's effectiveness in reducing invasive and noninvasive breast cancer risk. The study found a 43% reduction in invasive breast cancer risk and a 37% reduction in noninvasive breast cancer risk.
A study of 14,200 patients with type 2 diabetes found that fenofibrate reduced total CVD events by 11% due to a decrease in non-fatal heart attacks and bypass surgery. The drug was well-tolerated but associated with increased risks of pancreatitis and pulmonary embolism.
Patients who received statin medication before carotid artery surgery experienced a three-fold lower stroke rate and five-fold lower mortality rate compared to those who did not. Statins may reduce the risk of stroke by reducing plaque fragmentation or clot formation, although the exact mechanism is unclear.
This study emphasizes the importance of recognizing and addressing perceived barriers to risk factor modification in women. By reducing these barriers, healthcare providers can help prevent or delay coronary heart disease (CHD) deaths, which account for one half million deaths annually.
A randomized controlled trial found that 80% supplemental oxygen reduced the risk of surgical site infections by nearly 54%. Patients with infections had significantly longer hospital stays and delays to ambulation. The study suggests that higher oxygen tensions may be a simple and effective way to reduce wound infections.
Research suggests that a diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids, found in fish and walnuts, may help prevent dry eye syndrome. Women who consumed at least five servings of tuna per week had a 68% reduced risk of the condition compared to those with lower intakes.
Researchers found that NSAIDs reduced oral cancer risk by 53% in smokers and active users. However, long-term use of NSAIDs doubled the relative risk of death due to heart disease.
A study published in The Lancet found that pioglitazone reduces the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. The treatment group experienced fewer adverse events and a lower risk of death from heart failure compared to the placebo group.
Regular leisure-time physical activity in midlife can lower the odds of developing dementia and Alzheimer's disease by 50-60%. The study found that individuals with genetic susceptibility to AD who engaged in regular physical activity experienced more pronounced effects against developing the condition.
A population-based study with up to 31 years of follow-up found that reducing tobacco consumption from heavy smoking can lower lung cancer risk. Heavy smokers who cut their daily intake by half saw a 27% reduction in lung cancer risk compared to unchanged heavy smokers.
A study found that increased intake of phytoestrogens, found in soy products and certain fruits and vegetables, was associated with a lower risk of lung cancer. The study analyzed data from over 1,600 patients with lung cancer and matched healthy controls, revealing sex-specific differences in protective effects.
A significant association was observed between statin use and reduced fracture risk in a large cohort of mostly male veterans. The study, published in the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA), found that statins reduced fracture risk by 36% compared to no lipid-lowering therapy.
A high-vegetable diet rich in onions, garlic, beans, and yellow vegetables was associated with a 50% reduced risk of pancreatic cancer. Fruits were also found to be protective, but to a lesser extent.
A study of over 16,000 participants found a graded association between high blood glucose levels and increasing coronary heart disease risk. Non-diabetic individuals with elevated HbA1c levels were at significantly increased risk of heart disease.
Studies show that high back booster seats provide a 58% reduction in injury risk to children aged 4-8, while increased rear row occupancy reduces risk by up to 58%. Children riding in passenger cars and light trucks face increased risk of serious injury in side-impact crashes.
A study found that heart failure patients with high predicted risk of death within a year are less likely to receive appropriate medications, including ACE inhibitors and beta-adrenoreceptor antagonists. The researchers suggest underappreciation of therapy benefits and multiple comorbid conditions may contribute to the treatment mismatch.
Research using Kaiser Permanente's ATRIA Study cohort found that women with atrial fibrillation have a higher incidence of ischemic stroke when not taking Warfarin therapy. The study indicates being a woman is an independent risk factor for stroke, influencing treatment options.
A large prospective cohort study of 24,403 postmenopausal women found that higher soy intake was associated with a significantly lower risk of fracture. Soy protein and isoflavone intakes were inversely related to fracture risk, with a notable reduction among those in the highest intake groups.
A Canadian-led study published in The New England Journal of Medicine found that amnioinfusion does not reduce the risk of meconium aspiration syndrome. Meconium aspiration syndrome is a rare but serious neonatal lung condition caused by inhaling a mixture of meconium and amniotic fluid during labor.
Long-term and regular aspirin use is associated with a significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk, with benefits observed at doses of 14 tablets per week or more. The study found that the risk of colorectal cancer decreased by up to 53% among women who took high-dose aspirin for over 10 years.
A study found that long-term aspirin use lowers the risk of invasive colorectal cancer, especially in those taking high doses for more than 10 years. However, serious gastrointestinal bleeding risk increases with higher doses.
A study found no significant association between waiting period and pre- and postoperative mortality and morbidity for patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. However, the authors emphasize that the acceptable rate of adverse events for a managed waiting strategy remains undetermined.
A major observational study suggests that a healthy diet rich in folates can significantly reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. The study, led by UC Irvine researchers, analyzed the diets of over 500 individuals and found that high folate intake was associated with a 55% lower risk of developing Alzheimer's.
Researchers found that participants with moderate leisure-time physical activity had a 14% lower risk of any type of stroke, while those with high activity levels had a 26% lower risk. Daily commuting activities also showed a significant association with reduced stroke risk.
A study found that nearly three-quarters of elderly individuals (80+ years) have hypertension, with women facing greater risks. Poor control rates were 38% among men and 23% among women, mainly due to inadequate use of combination therapy.
A double-blind trial found that fish oil supplements did not reduce the risk of sudden death or heart attack in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators. Instead, patients taking fish oil were more likely to experience recurrent ventricular fibrillation events.
Researchers found that women with high intakes of vitamin D and calcium from food sources had a significantly lower risk of developing PMS. The study suggests that a high intake of these nutrients may reduce the risk of PMS and could be beneficial for younger women as well.
Researchers found that wearing knee-length graduated compression stockings reduced DVT risk by 95%, with only two participants developing the condition out of nearly 2,500. The review also highlights the importance of regular exercise and hydration to counteract the risks of long-haul flights.
A study of 216 prematurely born children found reduced distance and near visual acuities compared to full-term children. Two percent were visually impaired, and 5.3% had low visual acuity after treatment for retinopathy of prematurity or cryotherapy.
Researchers found that vitamin B12 deficiency was common among patients referred to vascular disease prevention clinics. Creatinine levels were also found to be a strong predictor of homocysteine levels, similar to vitamin B12 levels.
Researchers found that a diet high in vitamin B6 may reduce the risk of colorectal cancer in women, particularly those who consume alcohol. The study suggests that maintaining a normal or high intake of vitamin B6 can help prevent the development of cancerous polyps in the colon.
The study found that patients with a history of atrial fibrillation and risk factors for stroke should maintain anticoagulation therapy, including warfarin, regardless of sinus rhythm control. The researchers identified seven variables significantly associated with stroke risk, including increasing age and female gender.
Researchers found a decreased risk of certain types of ovarian tumors with moderate recreational physical activity, but not others. Physical activity also regulates hormone and growth factor levels, reducing ovarian cancer risk by affecting obesity.
The study found that levels of biomarkers linked to arterial inflammation and heart attack risk decreased after taking the drug DG-031. The drug reduced production of leukotriene B4 by 26 percent and myeloperoxidase by 12 percent, suggesting a potential reduction in cardiovascular events.
A recent study found that men consuming higher levels of low-fat dairy products have a significantly lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes. The researchers analyzed data from over 41,000 participants and found that each serving per day of low-fat dairy intake resulted in a 9% reduction in the risk of developing the disorder.
A Canadian study involving 163 families with confirmed child physical abuse or neglect found that regular home visits by public-health nurses did not prevent recurrence of abuse. The study's findings suggest that prevention efforts must be invested in to reduce the risk of recurrence when a child remains in the home.
A study of 163 Canadian families found that regular home visits by nurses did not reduce the risk of child abuse recurrence. The high rates of recurrence suggest a need for substantial efforts in prevention before a pattern is established.
A study published by Johns Hopkins Medicine suggests that participating in a variety of physical activities may reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease in older adults. The research found that individuals who engaged in multiple activities had a lower risk of dementia compared to those who participated in fewer activities.
Despite extensive education, few high-risk women consider taking tamoxifen to prevent breast cancer due to concerns over side effects and low perceived risk. Only a small percentage of eligible women would take the drug after learning about its benefits.
A trial found that raloxifene, a commonly prescribed drug for osteoporosis, reduced the risk of mild cognitive impairment by 33% in postmenopausal women. The study suggests that estrogen-like effects on the central nervous system may play a role in this finding.
A new study has found that the use of budesonide reduces the risk of asthma-related events by 40% in children. The study, which involved nearly 2,000 children with mild persistent asthma, showed that earlier treatment with budesonide resulted in fewer exacerbations and improved lung function.
A recent study by Yale University researchers found that virginity pledges do not reduce STD risk, but rather may encourage higher risk sexual behavior among young adults. Pledgers were less likely to use condoms at first sex and less likely to seek health care for STD infections.
A survey of hospital executives found that most believed mandatory reporting systems would discourage internal reporting and lead to lawsuits, despite potential benefits for patient safety. Hospital leaders also expressed reluctance to report minor incidents, even when they would inform affected patients or families.
A new study found that emergency use of clopidogrel could reduce the risk of death and repeat heart attacks by up to 10%, without increasing serious bleeds. However, early treatment with metoprolol may increase the risk of cardiac shock, and its benefits tend to cancel out those of clopidogrel.
The Women's Health Study found that low-dose aspirin lowered the incidence of a first major cardiovascular event by 9 percent, with a statistically significant difference in stroke prevention. For women aged 65 and older, the risk was reduced by 26 percent, but the benefits must be weighed against the risk of internal bleeding.