Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
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A study found that antiretroviral treatment significantly reduced the risk of HIV transmission from HIV-infected individuals to their partners. However, an increase in unprotected anal intercourse offset this benefit, highlighting the need for prevention interventions alongside treatment.
A 10-year study by Wake Forest researchers highlights the need for better safety measures to protect migrant farm workers and their families from pesticide exposure. Changes are needed in housing, hygiene procedures, and pesticide application to reduce health risks.
The BCIRG 001 trial showed a significant reduction in recurrence of disease in hormone-receptor-positive and negative patients with a Taxotere-based treatment, improving disease-free survival by 28% and overall survival by 30%. The regimen demonstrated effectiveness across various stages of breast cancer.
The study found that infants exposed to magnesium sulfate had lower rates of pediatric mortality, cerebral palsy, and substantial gross motor dysfunction compared to those not receiving the treatment. However, these differences were not statistically significant, and further trials are necessary to confirm the findings.
A large study found warfarin to be highly effective in reducing the risk of ischemic stroke and thromboembolism in patients with atrial fibrillation, even among those at moderate to high risk for stroke. Warfarin was also associated with a reduced risk of all-cause mortality.
A new OHSU study reveals that consuming four or more servings of fruits and vegetables per day can significantly lower the risk of breast cancer. The research, conducted in Shanghai, China, found a 50% reduced risk among participants who met this daily intake threshold.
Mt. Sinai researchers found that aspirin significantly reduces the risk of a first heart attack in apparently healthy individuals by one-third. The study's findings support treatment guidelines issued by the American Heart Association and U.S. Preventive Services Task Force, recommending aspirin use for those at high risk.
Patients with atrial fibrillation who receive adequate anticoagulation therapy have a reduced risk of stroke severity and complications. INR levels between 2.0-3.0 significantly reduce the risk of stroke, while lower levels increase the likelihood of fatal or debilitating strokes.
A randomized trial found that increased physical activity reduced breast cancer risk in postmenopausal women, with longer duration providing the most benefit. Moderate-intensity physical activity also promoted significant weight loss and improved cardiorespiratory fitness, with benefits sustained for a year.
Researchers found an 84% reduction in preterm births among pregnant women with periodontitis who received scaling and root planing therapy. The study suggests that periodontal disease may increase the risk of premature delivery, highlighting the importance of regular dental exams for pregnant women.
A study of 817 patients who underwent bypass surgery found that treating depression could significantly reduce mortality rates. Patients with moderate to severe depression at baseline and those with mild depression sustained from initial to six-month assessment were more than twice as likely to die than patients who were not depressed.
Research by Richard Mattes and Corinna Alper found that regular peanut consumption reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease without causing significant weight gain. The study involved three trials where participants added peanuts to their diet, with no increase in body weight detected despite adding 500 calories a day.
The EU's Europe Against Cancer Programme has shown promising results in reducing cancer deaths across most European countries. However, tobacco use still poses a significant threat to public health, with many countries experiencing declining trends in cancer death rates while others struggle with rising rates.
A recent study suggests that reducing the seizure-free interval from 12 to three months does not significantly increase total crashes. The researchers found that seizures-related crashes increased by 11, while deaths due to seizure-related crashes decreased.
Research highlights the link between high animal fat intake and increased breast cancer risk, as well as the benefits of gynecologic surgeries in reducing ovarian cancer risk. Protein overexpression is also linked to esophageal cancer development, suggesting a potential target for prevention.
A study of 1700 women found that radiotherapy significantly reduced the risk of recurrent ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) in the same breast by over 60%. However, tamoxifen had no effect on reducing invasive cancer risk. The results suggest that radiotherapy may be beneficial for younger patients with DCIS detected by mammography.
Studies on prophylactic surgery for women with BRCA1/2 mutations show a significant reduction in breast and ovarian cancer risk. However, potential biases in study designs, such as confounding by indication and familial-event bias, may lead to underestimation of risk reduction.
A study published in The Lancet found that law enforcement can substantially reduce fatal traffic crashes by 35% lower risk of fatalities after a conviction. Enforcement policies, including penalty points for driving convictions, show greater reductions in fatal crashes than mandatory vehicle improvements.
A study analyzing data from pivotal trials of Actonel revealed that bone mineral density explains only a small portion of nonvertebral fracture risk reduction. The analysis found that BMD increases accounted for just 12.2% of the fracture risk reduction at lumbar spine, and 5.5% at femoral neck.
A study led by Rory Collins found that statin therapy reduces the risk of primary outcomes for people with diabetes, including cardiac death, non-fatal heart attack, and stroke. The reduction in risk appeared to be greater among diabetic patients who did not have occlusive arterial disease.
New data from the Roche Organ Transplantation Research Fund challenge the idea that potent immunosuppressants increase cancer risk. People receiving CellCept are less likely to develop lymphoma or post-transplant lymphoproliferative disease, with a lower risk of malignant lymphoma compared to conventional immunosuppressive treatment.
A Pinellas County, Florida study found that switching from chlorine to monochloramine significantly reduced legionellae bacteria in drinking water supplies, preventing outbreaks of the disease. Monochloramine may be a first community-based intervention strategy for controlling Legionnaires' disease.
A study found that only 2.3% of participants reported being told by a doctor they had a TIA, translating to an estimated 4.9 million people in the US who recall having a diagnosis. People with lower income and fewer years of education were less likely to be knowledgeable about TIA symptoms.
A Danish population study of over 29,000 individuals found that alcohol, particularly beer and spirits, increases rectal cancer risk. In contrast, moderate wine consumption appears to have a protective effect, with those drinking around a third of their intake as wine being less likely to develop the disease.
A new low-dose CT colonography technique reduces radiation risk for non-invasive colon cancer screening. However, it may limit subtle differentiation of extracolonic soft tissues. The study suggests that this technique is suitable for asymptomatic screening but may require a standard dose for symptomatic patients.
A study found that regular physical activity, especially brisk walking, significantly reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease and death in men with diabetes. Diabetic men who were in the third highest category of total physical activity reduced their risk by 36 percent.
A study published in JAMA found that an internet-based weight loss program was effective among adults at risk for type 2 diabetes, with participants who received email counseling losing more weight and showing greater increases in exercise. The program provided a tutorial, weekly tips, and access to resources, as well as personalized s...
A new study found that statins can significantly reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in people with high blood pressure and normal or low cholesterol levels. The treatment resulted in a 36% lower risk of primary events such as death from CHD and non-fatal heart attacks, primarily within the first year of treatment.
Diabetic women who eat more fish have a significantly lower risk of coronary heart disease, heart attacks, and mortality rates compared to those who rarely consume fish. The study found that higher fish consumption was associated with improved blood vessel functions, reduced blood clot formation, and decreased triglyceride levels.
A study of 444 managed-care patients aged 12-17 found that adolescents with consistently monitored parents were less likely to engage in alcohol-risk behaviors. The researchers suggest that monitoring may help reduce risk when adolescents are initially exposed to alcohol, but may be insufficient for high-risk behaviors.
A study published in The Lancet found that accident risk is doubled during the last half hour of a two-hour work period, suggesting that shorter breaks can help mitigate this risk. More frequent short breaks may improve work performance and reduce fatigue, making them a potential strategy to prevent industrial accidents.
A meta-analysis of 31 trials involving over 4400 patients found that continuous antidepressant treatment for one to two years significantly reduced depressive relapse rates compared to placebo. The study suggests that many patients remain at risk of recurrence after initial treatment and may benefit from extended medication
A study published in The Lancet found that treatment for one to two years with antidepressants substantially reduced the likelihood of relapse compared to discontinuing active treatment. The average rate of relapse on placebo was nearly double that of treatment, highlighting the benefits of long-term medication adherence.
Tamoxifen treatment reduced the risk of benign breast disease and biopsies in high-risk women. Women treated with tamoxifen had a 28% lower incidence of benign diseases than those on placebo.
Researchers found baby aspirin to be less effective in reducing the risk of stroke compared to adult and coated formulas. The study suggests that age and gender play a role in a person's response to aspirin, with women being more effective than men.
Actonel significantly reduced fracture risk in high-risk postmenopausal women, with a 62% reduction seen at one year. The medication was found to be effective in reducing spinal fractures in patients over 70 years old and those with low hip BMD.
A recent study conducted at Wake Forest University Baptist Medical Center found that weekly injections of the hormone 17-alpha-hydroxprogesterone caproate reduced pre-term birth risk by 34% in high-risk women. The treatment was also shown to be effective in African American and non-African American women.
A study published in the Journal of the American Medical Association found that faceguards reduced facial injuries by 35% and safety balls cut ball-related injuries by 29%. The research analyzed over 6.7 million player-seasons of Little League participation, making it the largest and most comprehensive study of its kind.
A recent update of the Italian Randomized Trial of Tamoxifen found that tamoxifen significantly reduced breast cancer incidence by 82% in high-risk women. The study suggested that factors such as early menstruation, childlessness, and tall stature increase a woman's risk of developing ER+ breast cancer.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that frequent light-to-moderate drinking reduces heart disease risk in men. Men who consumed alcohol three or four days a week had approximately 2/3 the risk of heart attack compared to those who drank less than once a week.
A study of over 3,357 people found that excess weight can cut years off a person's life, with smokers losing up to seven years. Meanwhile, hormone therapy was shown to lower the risk of diabetes in postmenopausal women by 35%.
A study of 1000 postmenopausal women who survived a first heart attack found no difference in recurrent heart attacks or cardiac death between those given oestrogen therapy and placebo. The study provides insufficient evidence to alter current guidance against HRT for cardiovascular disease prevention.
A study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that patients waiting for cardiac catheterization experienced a significant risk of mortality and morbidity. The study documented 109 cases of major cardiac events among 8030 patients, resulting in 50 deaths during a median wait time of 27 days.
A recent study found that pravastatin treatment reduced coronary death, non-fatal heart attack, and fatal or non-fatal stroke by 15% in adults aged 70-82. The benefits were most pronounced for reducing death from heart disease, with a nearly 25% relative risk reduction.
Researchers analyzed data from two large studies and found that individuals with the highest adherence to dietary guidelines had significantly lower risks of chronic diseases. Men in the highest-scoring quintile of the AHEI had a 20% reduced risk of developing major chronic disease, while women had an 11% reduced risk.
A meta-analysis of randomized trials confirms that aspirin significantly reduces first heart attack risk and combined cardiovascular events. The study supports recent guidelines recommending aspirin therapy for individuals with a 10% or greater 10-year coronary event risk.
A study of 34,708 postmenopausal women found that compliance with the Dietary Guidelines reduced overall cancer incidence by 5-15% across quintiles. Regular exercise and weight management also played a significant role in reducing breast, colon, and uterine cancer risk.
The US Preventive Services Task Force recommends routine osteoporosis screening to reduce fracture risk in women with low bone density. The optimal frequency of testing is unclear, but intervals of two to five years are most consistent with current understanding.
A recent clinical trial found that tamoxifen reduces the frequency of breast cancer by a third in women at increased risk. However, tamoxifen use also increases the risk of blood-clotting complications, which may contribute to higher death rates.
Consuming whole grains daily can lower incidence of type 2 diabetes, particularly in non-obese men. High fiber and magnesium content in whole grains slows glucose release and improves insulin response, leading to reduced risk.
The US Marine Corps has begun using a new software system called ANT to schedule fighter air operations, reducing the time spent on planning from hours to minutes. The system balances various factors, including maintenance requirements and resource constraints, to create efficient schedules for aircraft carriers.
Anastrozole, an aromatase inhibitor, has been shown to be more effective than tamoxifen in reducing the risk of breast cancer recurrence, hot flushes, and thromboembolic events. The treatment also reduces the incidence of endometrial abnormalities and vaginal bleeding, providing a significant benefit for postmenopausal women with early...
The AT1-receptor blocker Atacand significantly reduces non-fatal strokes in elderly patients with mild hypertension while maintaining cognitive function. Lowering blood pressure also shows no significant increase in cognitive decline or dementia risk.
A new study of over 10,000 women nationwide found no increased risk of breast cancer from taking birth control pills. Meanwhile, similar studies suggest oral contraceptives may reduce the risks of uterine and ovarian cancers by as much as 40%.
Princeton students have created a comprehensive map of the US's natural hazard risks, revealing that large events like hurricanes and earthquakes drive costs. The data also suggests a 30-year east-to-west oscillation in hurricane tracks, potentially shifting their trajectory northward.
A large-scale study in Scotland found that breastfeeding is associated with a reduced risk of childhood obesity, persisting even after adjusting for socioeconomic factors. The relative reduction in risk was 30% when obesity was defined as the 98th percentile or higher for BMI.
A retrospective study of 21,232 farmers in Xuanwei, China found that switching from unvented to vented stoves resulted in a 41% reduction in lung cancer risk for men and 46% for women. Indoor air pollution levels decreased by 65% with the new stove installations.
Combination therapy of finasteride and doxazosin significantly reduces BPH progression, urinary retention, and invasive treatments. Finasteride reduces prostate size, providing long-lasting symptom relief.
A six-month intervention increasing fruit and vegetable intake lowered blood pressure and boosted antioxidant levels in UK participants. The study found a significant association between higher fruit and veg consumption and lower cardiovascular disease risk, similar to previous findings from the DASH trial.
A new synthetic antithrombotic drug, fondaparinux, has been shown to reduce the risk of deep-vein thrombosis (DVT) in patients after hip-replacement surgery. The study found a 26% reduction in DVT risk among patients given fondaparinux.