Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
A study found that long-term bisphosphonate therapy is associated with an increased risk of subtrochanteric or femoral shaft fractures, while reducing typical osteoporotic fractures. The researchers suggest reconsidering extended therapy for patients at low fracture risk and exploring drug holidays to mitigate this risk.
A large study found that moderate increases in bilirubin, a compound produced from hemoglobin breakdown, are associated with reduced lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease incidence. Higher bilirubin levels were also linked to lower all-cause death rates.
A new study from Rhode Island Hospital found a 64 percent decrease in the risk of acquiring an infection from MRSA or VRE when using two percent chlorhexidine gluconate cloths for daily bathing. The study suggests that CHG bathing may be a beneficial infection control intervention for patients outside of ICU settings.
A nine-year study found that high fiber intake was associated with a significantly reduced risk of total death, cardiovascular, infectious, and respiratory diseases in both men and women. Dietary fiber from whole plant foods, such as grains, was particularly beneficial.
Women experiencing hot flushes and menopausal symptoms may have a 50 percent lower risk of developing invasive ductal and invasive lobular carcinoma. The protective effect increases with the number and severity of symptoms.
Researchers found that portable HEPA filters reduced fine particulate matter and woodsmoke concentrations, improving endothelial function and decreasing inflammation. These findings support the hypothesis that reducing particle concentration can favorably influence cardiovascular morbidity.
The zoster vaccine has been shown to significantly reduce the risk of herpes zoster (shingles) in older adults, with a 55% lower incidence rate compared to unvaccinated individuals. The vaccine was also found to reduce the risk of ophthalmic herpes zoster and hospitalizations coded as herpes zoster.
Using thermostatic mixer valves can significantly reduce bath water temperatures, reducing the risk of scalding in children. The study found that families with TMVs had temperatures up to 11°C cooler than those without, and were within the recommended 46°C limit.
Researchers found that local lenders offered lower delinquency and foreclosure rates for higher-risk borrowers compared to distant banks. Local lenders considered additional factors beyond credit scores, such as employment history and savings habits.
Colonoscopy significantly reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by up to 90% in both the left and right sides, according to a new study. However, the effectiveness of colonoscopy in preventing cancers on the right side may be limited to older patients.
A study of US adults found that women are more likely to use indoor tanning facilities than men, while few tanners mention reducing skin cancer risk. The prevalence of indoor tanning among US adults is relatively low, with 18.1% of women and 6.3% of men reporting use in the past year.
A decade of refinements in marrow and stem cell transplantation significantly reduced the risk of treatment-related complications and death. The study observed a 60% reduction in the risk of death within 200 days of transplant and a 41% reduction in overall mortality at any time after transplant.
Lasofoxifene statistically reduced the overall risk of breast cancer and ER positive invasive breast cancer in postmenopausal women with low bone density. The study found a significant reduction in coronary events, strokes, vertebral fractures, and non-vertebral fractures.
A systematic review of 22 studies with over 2.5 million participants found a statistically significant reduction in colorectal cancer risk among statin users. Long-term use of statins, particularly lipophilic types like atorvastatin, was associated with the strongest effect.
A seven-year study found that higher levels of vitamin B12 reduced the risk of Alzheimer's disease by two percent, while low homocysteine levels were associated with a 16% increased risk. The study suggests that vitamin B12 may be used as a supplement to help protect memory.
A six-session school-based program in South Africa reduced rates of unprotected sex and sex with multiple partners among sixth-graders. The intervention also had a positive impact on HIV/STD prevention behaviors, highlighting the importance of targeted interventions for young adolescents.
Researchers found that downloadable LIA software reduces inappropriate shocks by 46% in patients with fractured leads. The study demonstrates the possibility of making other improvements to devices while they're implanted.
Successful carotid artery surgery halves the risk of stroke over the next 5 years and provides long-term benefit for up to 10 years. The procedure is recommended for asymptomatic patients under 75 years old who have narrowed neck arteries, as it significantly reduces the risk of disabling or fatal strokes.
A pilot study has been funded to evaluate a new approach to weight loss and physical activity in people at increased cardiovascular risk. The Waste the Waist programme aims to encourage behaviour change through lifestyle modifications, targeting individuals who are at risk of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers found that thigh-length stockings can reduce the risk of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in stroke patients, a life-threatening form of blood clot. The study, which included over 3,000 patients from 112 hospitals, highlights the importance of using long stockings to prevent clots.
Marshall University researchers Dr. Elaine Hardman and Dr. Philippe Georgel have received over $1 million in federal funding to study the effects of omega-3 fatty acids on breast cancer development, particularly in female offspring. They aim to identify genetic changes associated with a maternal diet rich in omega-3 fatty acids and dev...
A study published in CMAJ found that early surgery within 24-72 hours reduces the risk of death and postoperative complications. Hip fractures are associated with a mortality rate of 14 to 36%, but early surgery can decrease this risk.
A double-dose regimen of clopidogrel was found to be more effective than the standard dose in reducing ischemic events and stent thrombosis in patients undergoing PCI for acute coronary syndromes. However, major bleeding increased by 41% with double-dosing.
A cognitive-behavioral intervention to reduce substance use and sexual risk behavior among men who have sex with men was partially successful, but further research is needed to identify better methods. After one year, participants reported a 32% reduction in unprotected anal sex and similar reductions in other risk behaviors.
A recent study analyzing the JUPITER trial found that HDL cholesterol levels are not predictive of residual vascular risk among patients treated with potent statin therapy. This suggests that caution should be displayed when interpreting the results and more data is needed to determine whether raising HDL levels is beneficial.
A new study found that HIV may increase the risk of death in people with high CD4 counts, but only moderately. The risk was highest among injecting drug users and heterosexual individuals, likely due to socioeconomic factors rather than HIV itself.
A couple-focused intervention appears effective in reducing HIV risk behaviors among African-American couples, particularly those with one partner HIV-positive. The study found that couples who participated in the Eban intervention reported more consistent condom use and fewer unprotected intercourse acts.
Research shows that women who are physically active at any age have lower risk of cognitive impairment, but teenage physical activity is most important. Regular physical activity from an early age can minimize the risk of dementia and cognitive decline.
A meta-analysis of studies found that statin therapy does not reduce the risk of death in individuals at risk for cardiovascular disease but without a history of heart disease. The study suggests caution when extending statin use to lower-risk populations.
A new study found that daily use of probiotics reduced VAP infections by almost half and decreased antibiotic consumption, leading to fewer Clostridium difficile infections. The probiotic therapy was found to be safe with no side effects.
A new trial shows that Tranexamic acid (TXA) can reduce the risk of death in bleeding trauma patients by 10%, with potential to save up to 100,000 lives per year globally. TXA is a cheap and widely available drug that works by inhibiting clot breakdown, and its inclusion on the WHO list of essential medicines is proposed.
A new study reveals that allopurinol treatment can slow the progression of kidney disease, decrease inflammation, and lower cardiovascular risk. The analysis suggests a potential benefit for chronic kidney disease patients, but further trials are needed to confirm these findings.
A new study found that coffee consumption can prevent high-blood sugar development and improve insulin sensitivity in laboratory mice. Caffeine is believed to be the primary ingredient responsible for this effect.
A study published in The Lancet found that low-dose combination therapy of rosiglitazone and metformin can stop people progressing to type 2 diabetes, with a relative risk reduction of 66% compared to placebo. This strategy could target populations at-risk of diabetes.
Overweight or obese adults who attended Weight Watchers group programs significantly reduced fasting glucose and insulin levels, reducing diabetes risk. Those who attended more sessions had greater weight loss and change in glucose and insulin levels.
Researchers at Intermountain Medical Center found ablation treatment significantly reduces risk of Alzheimer's disease and stroke. Atrial fibrillation patients treated with catheter ablation have lower risk of dementia and mortality compared to untreated patients.
Women with type 2 diabetes who consumed more whole grains and bran had a lower risk of death from cardiovascular disease and all causes. The study found that high bran intake reduced the risk by 35% for CVD mortality and 28% for overall mortality.
A meta-analysis of fibrate drugs found significant reductions in major cardiovascular events and coronary events. Fibrates also showed a modest risk reduction for albuminuria progression, an early marker of kidney disease.
A recent study found that drivers who delay license reinstatement after suspension have higher recidivism rates and create danger on the roads. Drivers with more alcohol citations and prior DUI convictions are less likely to reinstate promptly.
A study by Kaiser Permanente found that pneumococcal vaccination was not associated with a reduced risk of acute heart attack and stroke in men aged 45-69. The study, which included over 84,000 participants, showed no significant difference in myocardial infarction or stroke events between vaccinated and unvaccinated individuals.
A new study examines why brand extensions succeed or fail, highlighting the impact of competitive brands on consumer preferences. The research reveals that when a parent brand is perceived as familiar in an extension product category, it can actually lead to poorer performance.
Researchers found that vitamin supplements reduced breast cancer risk by about 30 percent, while calcium supplements reduced it by 40 percent. Calcium supplements lost their protective effect once DNA repair capacity was accounted for.
A recent study found that private equity-backed companies have a lower risk of insolvency compared to non-private equity-backed businesses. Private equity involvement significantly reduces the risk of buyout failure and improves debt recovery rates.
A new study found that community-based organizations can effectively implement an evidence-based HIV/STD risk-reduction intervention with adolescents. The intervention increased condom-protected intercourse without reducing the frequency of sexual activity.
A large study of over 400,000 men and women found that high fruit and vegetable intake was associated with a small reduction in overall cancer risk. However, the findings suggest that any potential cancer-protective effect is modest at best.
A Mount Sinai study of over 400,000 people found that high fruit and vegetable consumption reduces cancer risk by only 3%, with benefits limited to certain populations. The researchers concluded that the association is weak and may not justify increased dietary recommendations.
Researchers found that eating dark chocolate daily can lower blood pressure and reduce heart disease risk by 39% compared to those who eat less. Flavanols in cocoa may be responsible for this effect, improving nitric oxide bioavailability and reducing inflammation.
A UCSF study found that delivering HIV prevention services to people living with HIV in clinical settings can sharply reduce their sexual risk behaviors. The intervention, led by medical care providers during routine visits, resulted in a consistent decline in risky behavior over the 12-month study period.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American College of Cardiology found that moderate alcohol consumption significantly reduces the risk of death from any cause in people who have previously suffered from ischemic vascular disease. The study analyzed data from over 16,000 patients and found a 20% risk reduction, comparable ...
Researchers found that treating vitamin D deficiency with supplements can reduce cardiovascular disease and other chronic conditions. Increasing vitamin D levels by 1000-5000 IU per day may be beneficial for patients at-risk.
A study of over 305,000 people found that those who smoked for 40+ years were 46% less likely to develop Parkinson's disease. However, the risk did not decrease with the number of cigarettes smoked per day.
A study published in Journal of Dental Research found that successful periodontal treatment significantly lowers the risk of preterm birth. Pregnant women with periodontal disease who received scaling and root planing had a lower rate of prematurity compared to those without periodontal disease.
A team-based approach to intensive care units (ICUs) can improve patient outcomes even when specially trained intensivist physicians are not available. Studies have shown that multidisciplinary care teams, with or without an intensivist, result in a 16% reduction in the odds of death compared to single-specialist teams.
A study of 136,474 participants found that regular ibuprofen users were 40% less likely to develop Parkinson's disease. Higher doses of ibuprofen also showed a reduced risk of developing the disease.
New research reveals statin therapy increases type 2 diabetes risk by 9% in trials, yet the absolute risk is low compared to coronary event reduction. The study found higher diabetes risk among older participants and no influence of LDL cholesterol levels.
Heart specialists at Michigan Medicine call for clarity on beta blocker prescribing before surgery. Previous studies have differing methods and results, making it hard to determine who should get beta blockers and at what dosage.
A study analyzing 12 studies found helmets significantly protect against head injuries, reducing the risk by 35%. The use of helmets also prevented between 2-5 head injuries among users.
Physical activity has been associated with a reduced risk of age-related conditions such as arthritis, falls, and fractures, as well as improvements in cognitive function and bone density. Four new studies published in Archives of Internal Medicine have moved the scientific enterprise further along the path toward understanding the ful...
The PLATO trial shows that ticagrelor, a stronger anticlotting medication, reduces the risk of cardiovascular death and heart attacks without increasing bleeding in heart attack patients. This new analysis finds significant and clinically relevant reductions in cardiovascular and total deaths, myocardial infarction, and stent thrombosis.
A soccer-specific exercise program reduced the risk of knee injuries among young female players by 77%, according to a study published in Archives of Internal Medicine. The program, which included strengthening exercises and awareness training for coaches and parents, also resulted in less severe injuries when they did occur.