Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Research on harvestman spiders found that single male parents of eggs suffer no long-term decrease in fitness compared to females or non-caring males. The study suggests that reduced mortality risk and genetic advantages of improving offspring survival may have favored the evolution of paternal care in insects.
A new study published in the Journal of Adolescent Health found that adolescent girls participating in a sexual risk reduction intervention were more likely to practice abstinence and showed substantial decreases in unprotected sex, number of partners, and unintended pregnancies. The intervention used age-appropriate games and interact...
A study has found that nearly half a million people in three East London boroughs are at high risk of developing type 2 diabetes within the next decade. The 'East London Diabetes Belt' maps areas of high risk, highlighting need for targeted public health strategies.
A nationwide study of over 300,000 patients found that statin use reduces the risk of open-angle glaucoma by eight percent. The study suggests that statins may protect against glaucoma by improving blood flow and reducing intraocular pressure.
A significant reduction in the risk of developing diabetes was observed in individuals who underwent bariatric surgery compared to those receiving traditional care. The Swedish Obese Subjects study found that bariatric surgery can reduce the risk of diabetes by over 80% among obese patients.
A new study found that untreated severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) increases cardiovascular mortality in the elderly. However, adequate continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment significantly reduces this risk, especially from stroke and heart failure.
The Stanford study analyzed 237 studies comparing organic and conventional foods, finding no significant difference in health benefits or nutrient content. Organic produce had a lower risk of pesticide contamination, but pesticide levels were generally within safe limits.
A Stanford University study analyzing existing research on organic and conventional foods found limited evidence of health benefits for organic food. The review did show that consumption of organic foods can reduce pesticide exposure, but also noted that the differences were not clinically significant.
The Aspirin-clopidogrel trial found that the combination did not offer significant benefits for stroke prevention in patients with lacunar strokes. Instead, it increased the risk of gastrointestinal bleeding. Meanwhile, overall stroke risk has decreased by more than three-fold over the past decade.
A large prospective study found that healthy lifestyle factors such as alcohol consumption, physical activity, and vegetable intake significantly reduced the risk of hypertension. The study showed that even one or two healthy lifestyle factors could reduce the risk of hypertension by nearly 50% in men and more than 30% in women.
Researchers found that adding vorapaxar to standard antiplatelet therapy significantly reduces the long-term risk of recurrent cardiovascular events in patients with a prior heart attack. The study, published in the Lancet, showed a 20% reduction in cardiovascular death, heart attack, or stroke.
A national survey of 7,288 US physicians found that 45.8% reported symptoms of burnout, with higher rates in emergency medicine and family medicine specialties. The study highlights the need for policy makers and healthcare organizations to address physician burnout to improve patient care.
A study published in The Lancet found that statin therapy can reduce cardiovascular disease risk, even among patients at high risk of developing diabetes. Patients with diabetes risk factors were 28% more likely to develop diabetes, but still saw a 39% reduced risk of cardiovascular illness and 17% lower mortality.
A new study published in Archives of Internal Medicine found that men who engage in weight training regularly may reduce their risk of type 2 diabetes by up to 34%, compared to those who do not. The study also showed that combining weight training with aerobic exercise can further lower the risk, even as high as 59%.
A study of 32,002 men found that weight training was associated with a lower risk of type 2 diabetes. Men who engaged in both weight training and aerobic exercise for at least 150 minutes per week had the greatest reduction in risk.
A diet high in choline during pregnancy may lower the risk of high blood pressure and diabetes in offspring. Choline, found in eggs, helps protect against prenatal stress effects on fetal development.
A recent study by the American Academy of Ophthalmology shows that cataract surgery significantly reduces the risk of hip fractures in older patients with vision loss. The study found a 16% decrease in hip fracture incidence among patients who underwent cataract surgery, particularly those aged 80-84 and those with severe cataracts.
The American College of Physicians recommends against routine electrocardiogram (ECG) screening for asymptomatic adults at low risk for coronary heart disease, as it may lead to unnecessary procedures and overtreatment. The Task Force also found inadequate evidence that ECG screening in this population reduces the risk for CHD events.
Researchers found a significant association between total hip and knee replacement surgeries and an increased risk of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) during the first two weeks after surgery. The risk remained elevated for six weeks, with the strongest association in patients over 80 years old.
A study found that women using fertility drugs had a reduced risk of breast cancer if they did not conceive a 10-plus week pregnancy, but an increased risk if they did. The study suggests that exposure to the drugs may raise risk by modifying breast tissue remodeling during pregnancy.
A pooled analysis of 11 randomized clinical trials found that higher doses of vitamin D (above 800 IUs) significantly reduced the risk of fractures in older adults. In contrast, lower doses showed no benefit for fracture prevention.
A large retrospective cohort study found that the live zoster vaccine is not associated with an increased risk of shingles in patients with immune-mediated diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis and psoriasis. The study showed a significantly reduced longer-term risk of HZ in these patients after vaccination.
A gene variant in sortilin, responsible for higher protein expression in liver, has been found to reduce cholesterol levels. The study reveals two mechanisms: increased LDL degradation and decreased APOB secretion via lysosomal targeting.
A £3 million project will focus on six volcanoes in Latin America and the Caribbean, integrating community experience with scientific approaches to reduce risk. The study aims to develop novel risk analyses and models to mitigate the impact of volcanic activity on people and assets.
A novel diagnostic test has been developed to accurately detect Group B Streptococcal infection in babies, allowing for quicker treatment and potentially reducing mortality rates. The test detects the presence of a specific gene in the bacteria, which is an important disease-causing factor.
A new analysis found that physical activity may reduce breast cancer risk by 30% in women, with moderate activity providing the greatest benefit. Exercise before or after menopause also shows promise in reducing breast cancer risk, particularly for hormone receptor-positive tumors.
A systematic review of seven studies involving over 32,400 patients found that metformin reduced the risk of any type of cancer by 38% compared to those not taking the medication. The benefits were seen in colon and breast cancer, but not pancreatic cancer.
A meta-analysis of 43,191 participants found statin therapy reduced recurrent cardiovascular events in both men and women. However, the benefits were not significant for women in terms of all-cause mortality or stroke risk. The study highlights the need for more female participants in cardiovascular prevention trials.
Research finds that physical activity, regardless of intensity, may reduce breast cancer risk in women. Exercise before or after menopause can lower the risk, especially for hormone receptor-positive tumors.
Researchers at the University of Michigan Health System found that patients who receive a mid-urethral sling during prolapse repair have less than half the risk of urinary incontinence. The study suggests that inserting a sling during surgery can significantly reduce urine leakage, but also increases the risk of certain side effects.
A study found that bariatric surgery, especially Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, increases the risk of alcohol use disorders (AUD) in patients. The prevalence of AUD symptoms was higher in the second postoperative year compared to before and after surgery.
Researchers found that rhSOD reduces ROP incidence and severity in newborns born earlier than 26 weeks, with a 22% reduction for those born earlier than 25 weeks. The study suggests that rhSOD could provide a preventive approach to ROP prevention, but further studies are needed to confirm the findings.
A new study found that early and aggressive glucose-lowering treatment can significantly reduce the risk of progression to diabetes in people with prediabetes. The research analyzed data from over 3,000 patients who experienced periods of normal glucose regulation, revealing a 56% reduction in diabetes risk.
A retrospective analysis found that cumulative anti-TNF therapy for 1-3 years reduced cardiovascular event risk by 24-56% in RA patients. Longer treatment duration further decreased risk, particularly among older patients and those without prior methotrexate use.
A meta-analysis of seven clinical trials found that intensive glucose control reduces microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria in type 2 diabetes patients, but lacks evidence for reduced risk of significant clinical renal outcomes. The study suggests a reevaluation of the benefits of intensive glycemic control in preventing renal disease.
A study published in Archives of Dermatology suggests that vigorous physical activity is associated with a reduced risk of psoriasis in US women. Participating in at least 20.9 MET-hours of vigorous exercise per week may reduce the risk by 25-30%. The study found no association between walking and psoriasis risk.
A meta-analysis confirms statins reduce major vascular events by 21% in those with low risk of vascular disease. Statin therapy outweighs known side effects, suggesting current guidelines may need revision.
Recent studies using mendelian randomization have failed to support a causal association between higher concentrations of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol and lower risk of heart attack. Instead, findings suggest that raising HDL cholesterol may not uniformly reduce the risk of myocardial infarction in humans.
Researchers have found that levels of certain proteins in the blood are associated with a greatly reduced risk for developing Type 2 diabetes. High levels of IGFBP-1 and IGFBP-2 were linked to a significant reduction in diabetes risk, suggesting these proteins may help stratify people at risk for diabetes.
A new study at the University of Gothenburg found that laparoscopic procedures reduce the risk of small-bowel obstructions by up to four times compared to open surgery. The study, published in Archives of Surgery, analyzed 108,141 operations and showed that surgical technique is a key factor in adhesive small-bowel obstruction.
A study suggests that smoking, but not nicotine, may reduce the risk of developing an acoustic neuroma, a rare benign tumor near the brain. Current smokers have a 59% lower risk compared to non-smokers, while snuff users show no protection.
A Swedish study found that consuming low-fat dairy products reduces the risk of stroke in adults. Low-fat dairy foods are rich in vitamins and minerals such as calcium, potassium, and vitamin D, which may help lower blood pressure and reduce the risk of ischemic stroke.
A study published in Neurology found that daily physical exercise and low-intensity activities like cooking and washing dishes can reduce the risk of Alzheimer's disease. People in the bottom 10% of daily activity were more than twice as likely to develop Alzheimer's, highlighting the importance of regular movement.
A Harvard School of Public Health study found that positive psychological well-being reduces the risk of heart attacks and strokes. The research also showed that individuals with a sense of well-being engage in healthier behaviors and have better biological function.
A new study published in Neurology finds that consuming flavonoids, particularly anthocyanins found in berries, can significantly reduce the risk of developing Parkinson's disease. Male participants who ate the most flavonoids were 40% less likely to develop the disease than those who ate the least.
New research shows that lowering LDL cholesterol beginning early in life can lead to a significant reduction in the risk of coronary heart disease. The study found that a consistent 50-60% reduction in CHD risk was associated with each 1 mmol/L lower lifetime exposure to LDL cholesterol.
Researchers found daily aspirin reduces risk of cancer death by 15% and cancer incidence by a quarter from 3 years onwards. Aspirin also shows promise in treating metastasis, with a 36% reduction in risk of distant cancer spread.
Two large meta-analyses found a genetic variation in the interleukin-6 receptor associated with lower levels of inflammatory biomarkers and reduced coronary heart disease risk. A single-nucleotide polymorphism was linked to effects consistent with known benefits of IL6R blockade in patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
Research shows exercise in early 20s improves bone development and may reduce fractures later in life. Regular physical activity between ages 19-24 increases bone density, especially in hips, arms, and legs.
Two studies suggest that cleansing umbilical cord with chlorhexidine solution during and after birth can reduce sepsis and mortality in babies in rural parts of Sindh province, Pakistan. The interventions showed a significant reduction in infections and mortality risk, with no effect seen from handwashing alone.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that electron-beam irradiation can inactivate viruses on leafy greens, reducing the risk of foodborne illness. The research provides quantified data on the reduction in health risks through this technology, which could lead to greater adoption in the fresh produce industry.
A recent study published in Stroke journal found that high triglyceride levels are a stronger predictor of stroke risk in postmenopausal women than previously thought. Researchers analyzed data from over 90,000 women and discovered that those with the highest triglyceride levels were nearly twice as likely to suffer an ischemic stroke.
Researchers from the University of Illinois developed three algorithms to assess risk uncertainty in the passenger population, finding that risk-based screening increases overall expected security. This approach allows more resources to be devoted to passengers with high risk relative to the passenger population.
A new Harvard School of Public Health study found that limiting protein or certain amino acids before surgery can reduce the risk of serious surgical complications. The study used mice and found that restricting these nutrients can increase stress resistance and prevent injuries to the kidneys and liver.
A new study reveals that middle-age risk factors have a profound impact on an individual's lifetime risk for heart disease. Researchers found that people with two or more major risk factors in middle age had dramatically higher lifetime risks for cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, and stroke across the lifespan.
Research at McGill University found that metformin reduces the cellular mutation rate and accumulation of DNA damage, a key mechanism in carcinogenesis. The study suggests that metformin's anti-cancer effects may be linked to its ability to reduce reactive oxygen species production in mitochondria.
A global study found that physical activity during work and leisure time significantly lowers the risk of heart attacks. The study also linked ownership of a car and a television to an increased risk of heart attacks, particularly in low- and middle-income countries.
A recent study published in PLOS Medicine found that reduced cognitive function in adolescence is associated with a higher risk of subdural hematoma later in life. On the other hand, higher levels of education and physical fitness were linked to a decreased risk of this condition.
A community-based diabetes prevention project in Lawrence, MA, taught healthy food choices and reduced pre-diabetes indicators in a Latino population. Participants who received lifestyle intervention had significant weight loss and clinically meaningful reductions in insulin resistance.
Researchers have found that controlling the balance between two proteins can reduce the growth of dangerous cells in arteries. This finding could lead to a lower risk of further heart attacks and improved cardiovascular health.