Articles tagged with Risk Reduction
A nationwide study led by Children's Mercy researcher found that adding a monoclonal antibody called gemtuzumab to standard chemotherapy significantly reduced the risk of relapse and increased disease-free survival rates in children with acute myeloid leukemia (AML). The treatment was most effective in patients at high risk of relapse.
New Australian research reveals that non-hip, non-vertebral fractures can significantly increase the risk of premature death, with some fractures potentially shortening life expectancy. The study analyzed data from a large-scale epidemiological study and found that all fractures are serious, with varying levels of severity.
Supplementation with multivitamins plus selenium reduced HIV disease progression, immune decline, and illness risk in antiretroviral therapy-naive adults in Botswana. The supplement delayed time to HIV disease progression and improved markers of immune function.
A study found that older people who smoked less than 32 pack years and quit smoking 15 or fewer years ago had similar cardiovascular death risks as those who never smoked. Many participants reduced their risk in under 15 years, contradicting previous estimates of a longer waiting period.
Taking aspirin at bedtime instead of in the morning could reduce acute heart events by reducing platelet activity. A randomized study found that taking aspirin at bedtime resulted in a 22-unit reduction in platelet activity compared to taking it in the morning.
A retrospective study found that pre-hospital plasma transfusions reduced trauma patient mortality by 8% and improved coagulation status by 40%. Although not statistically significant, survival to hospital discharge also showed a 13% improvement.
A study of former elite male athletes found that those who were previously elite athletes had a 28% lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes in later life. The risk was even higher for endurance sports athletes, with a 61% reduction in risk.
Regular, moderate coffee consumption decreases an individual's risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Key research findings include a 25% lower risk for consuming three to four cups per day compared to none or less than two cups.
A study found that replacing saturated fats with polyunsaturated oils like corn and safflower oil may not reduce heart disease risk. In fact, rates of death from cardiovascular disease increased in the treatment group. Health Canada should modify its health claim for omega-6 oils.
The COREVALVE EXTREME RISK trial found that the self-expanding transcatheter aortic valve reduced all-cause mortality or major stroke rate by 68% at 12 months compared to the pre-specified performance goal. The study included 487 patients with severe aortic stenosis, most of whom were elderly and had high surgical risk.
International experts call for a broader definition of poverty to account for risks to the unborn child, which can have devastating consequences. The World Health Organisation estimates that 200 million conceptions occur annually, mostly in disadvantaged areas, posing significant risks during pregnancy.
Researchers found that certain management practices, such as manure application and irrigation timing, can boost or decrease the risk of contamination from salmonella and Listeria monocytogenes. Adjusting these practices can significantly reduce the risk of produce-borne illness with minimal cost to growers.
Scientists have discovered that ticagrelor reduces the risk of dying from lung infection after a heart attack, with fewer deaths due to sepsis. The study found subtle differences in blood markers of immune cell activity between ticagrelor and clopidogrel treatment patients.
A study led by the University of Bristol found mortality rates in the first 90 days following hip replacement surgery have dramatically decreased from 0.6% to 0.3%, with four treatment options associated with lower death rates: spinal anaesthetic, posterior approach, heparin and mechanical thromboprophylaxis.
A study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that colonoscopy significantly reduces the risk of developing or dying from colorectal cancer compared to sigmoidoscopy. The comprehensive exam visualizes the entire colon, reducing risk throughout its entirety.
Researchers found that vitamin B supplements lowered stroke risk in all studies, with some benefit even when taking folic acid. However, the severity of strokes and risk of death from stroke were not affected by supplement use.
A European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer trial found that adjuvant radiotherapy after local excision reduced the incidence of local recurrences by a factor of two, resulting in an overall lower risk of mastectomy. The study highlights the importance of conducting long-term follow-up.
A healthy diet characterized by vegetables, fruits, berries, whole-grains, poultry, fish and low-fat cheese was associated with a lower prevalence of depressive symptoms. Increased intake of folate from sources like vegetables, fruits, and whole grains was also linked to a decreased risk of depression.
A study of 1,256 Argentine women found plaque buildup was more common among those with type 2 diabetes. Researchers recommend screening for heart disease in younger women with type 2 diabetes to reduce the risk of heart attacks.
Researchers develop a Sudoku-inspired watermarking technology that can resist 9 out of 10 cropping attempts, providing robust protection for photographers and content owners.
Research suggests that vigorous exercise as a young adult can lower the risk of developing epilepsy later in life. Men with high cardiovascular fitness were 36% and 79% less likely to develop epilepsy than those with medium and low fitness levels, respectively.
A new study published in JAMA found that intraoperative cholangiography during gallbladder removal surgery was not associated with a reduced risk of common duct injury. Despite controversy surrounding its effectiveness, routine use of intraoperative cholangiography may not be necessary to prevent common duct injuries.
A new scoring system developed by researchers allows clinicians to predict the risk of dementia in older people with type 2 diabetes. The scores are based on six health complications, education, and age, accurately predicting patients' risk of developing dementia.
A long-term study confirms that finasteride reduces the risk of prostate cancer by 43% in low-grade tumors and by 30% overall. This means thousands of men can avoid unnecessary treatments and burden on society.
A new clinical trial finds that a simple low-risk ankle rule can significantly reduce the use of radiography for children's ankle injuries, lowering exposure to radiation and healthcare costs. The Low Risk Ankle Rule has potential broad applicability to emergency departments worldwide.
A global study found that tamoxifen halves the breast cancer risk for women with BRCA1 or BRCA2 mutations. The medication has been used to treat breast cancer for decades and also prevents new cancers in many women.
The University of South Florida is adapting a proven program to reduce sexual risk behavior among African-American college women. The study aims to test if this tailored approach helps reduce HIV/AIDS risk, which disproportionately affects young black women.
A study found that echocardiographic screening in the general public for structural and valvular heart disease was not associated with a reduction in risk of death, myocardial infarction (heart attack) or stroke. Despite low prevalence of structural heart disease, screening led to unnecessary tests and potential harm.
A large-scale study found that exercising regularly can reduce stroke risk in adults by up to 20% compared to those who are inactive. The study suggests that moderate to vigorous intensity exercise can have a significant impact on reducing stroke risk, particularly among men.
A study published in the British Journal of Sports Medicine found that moderate-intensity exercise three times a week during pregnancy halves the risk of having a high birth weight newborn, and reduces the need for a caesarean delivery. The intervention group showed a 58% decrease in macrosomia and a 34% decrease in caesarean deliveries.
A study found that individuals with an uncommon genetic risk for Alzheimer's disease did not experience increased anxiety or distress after learning their genetic risk. Instead, they took proactive measures such as exercising and following a healthy diet to mitigate their risk of developing Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers at Ben-Gurion University of the Negev found that a single dose of methylphenidate improves balance control during walking, reducing the risk of falls among elderly adults. The study participants were 30 healthy older adults who received a single dose of MPH and underwent assessments under four task conditions.
A new study conducted by Indiana University found that postmenopausal women who quit smoking reduced their risk of heart disease, with benefits starting to show within years. The study analyzed data from 104,391 women ages 50-79 and found a significant drop in heart disease risk among those who quit smoking, regardless of diabetes status.
A large population study found that sufficient sleep increases the protective benefits of exercise, healthy diet, and non-smoking on cardiovascular disease. Adding sufficient sleep to these factors resulted in a 65% lower risk of composite CVD and an 83% lower risk of fatal events.
A US study found a decline in ischemic stroke mortality among Black children over the past decade. The relative risk decrease was attributed to improvements in long-term blood transfusion therapy for sickle cell disease prevention.
A landmark study of the Swedish population found depression (32-fold risk for suicide), anxiety (15-fold risk), COPD (3.05-fold risk) and poor social networks to be significant risk factors. The study also showed that unemployment was a stronger social risk factor among women, while being single was a stronger risk factor among men.
Researchers found that small differences in health status are associated with large reductions in stroke risk. A better score on the Life's Simple 7 health factors is linked to a lower stroke risk, with ideal blood pressure being the most important indicator.
A nationwide study in Sweden found that people with Alzheimer's disease taking cholinesterase inhibitors have a 36% lower risk of death, 38% lower risk of heart attack, and 26% lower risk of cardiovascular deaths compared to non-users. Patients on the highest recommended doses had the lowest risk of heart attack or death.
The American Thoracic Society has released new clinical practice guidelines on sleep apnea, sleepiness, and driving risk for non-commercial drivers. The guidelines recommend assessing daytime sleepiness and recent crashes or near-misses due to sleepiness, fatigue, or inattention.
The American Thoracic Society has released new clinical practice guidelines on sleep apnea and driving risk, highlighting the significant role of obstructive sleep apnea in daytime sleepiness and crashes. The guidelines recommend assessing patients for sleepy driving and providing treatment to reduce the risk of accidents.
A study published in the American Heart Association found that middle-aged individuals who improved their fitness levels reduced their heart failure risk by 20% for every one MET improvement. This research highlights the importance of incorporating regular exercise into mid-life routines to decrease the risk of heart failure.
A recent study published in the Canadian Medical Association Journal found that people with job stress and an unhealthy lifestyle are at a higher risk of coronary artery disease. The study analyzed data from 7 cohort studies involving 102,128 participants and found that those with job strain had a 10-year incidence rate of 18.4 per 100...
Researchers found that whole walnuts and their extracted oil improve cardiovascular disease risk by favorably affecting vascular health and enhancing the functionality of good cholesterol, HDL. The study suggests that simple dietary changes incorporating walnuts or their oil in a heart-healthy diet may reduce the risk of heart disease.
The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) presents promising strategies to curb the use of indoor tanning devices. These methods aim to tackle not only the risk factors linked with indoor tanning but also the broader social determinants that may drive such behavior.
A large multicenter trial showed that adding lutein and zeaxanthin, omega-3 fatty acids DHA and EPA to an antioxidant vitamins formulation did not reduce the risk of progression to advanced age-related macular degeneration. No significant effects were observed on vision loss development either.
A randomized controlled trial found that naturopathic lifestyle counselling and enhanced usual care reduced the prevalence of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular risk score by 17% and 3 percentage points respectively over a year. Naturopathic doctors provided diet and lifestyle advice to patients who lost weight through caloric restr...
A Swedish study published in Neurology suggests a decline in the risk of developing dementia over the past 20 years. The study, which analyzed data from the SNAC-K study on aging and health, found that improvements in cardiovascular disease prevention may have contributed to this decrease.
A new EU scorecard highlights significant inequalities in osteoporosis care across European countries. Despite marked differences in fracture risk and services, approximately 57% of high-risk individuals remain untreated, with inadequate access to testing, treatment, and effective medications.
A University of Leeds-led study found that closing hospital windows to reduce energy consumption can increase airborne infection risks by fourfold. Alternative ventilation systems, such as small extractor fans, can mitigate these risks and improve patient safety.
A reanalysis of the WHOACT data found an increased risk of fetal death for women with reduced antenatal visits, particularly between 32 and 36 weeks. The study suggests that routine antenatal visits may detect asymptomatic conditions earlier, allowing timely intervention.
Scientists at British American Tobacco used a multi-analyte approach to determine tobacco constituent exposure in snus users. Generally, less than a third of each constituent was extracted by consumers during use. The findings provide reference data for developing a laboratory system mimicking real-life extraction.
A randomized, controlled trial found that consuming monounsaturated fats in vegetable oils like canola oil lowered abdominal fat by 1.6 percent compared to other oil blends. This reduction in belly fat may decrease metabolic syndrome risk factors and heart disease risk.
A new study found that total hip replacement (THR) is associated with reduced mortality, heart failure, depression, and diabetes rates in Medicare patients with osteoarthritis. THR also shows potential long-term benefits in terms of prolonged lifespan and reduced disease burden.
A study found that extra virgin olive oil's oleocanthal can boost production of proteins and enzymes involved in removing beta-amyloid from the brain, potentially reducing Alzheimer's risk.
A new study found that women taking aspirin have a reduced risk of developing melanoma, with the longest users showing the lowest risk. Aspirin's anti-inflammatory effects may help protect against this type of skin cancer.
The American College of Physicians publishes a special supplement on patient safety strategies, featuring articles on reducing cancer risk through colonoscopy screening and increasing colorectal cancer screening adherence via electronic health records. Researchers found that colonoscopy screening reduces late-stage cancer diagnosis by ...
A recent study published in The Lancet Respiratory Medicine found that a single inhaler therapy using beclometasone/formoterol combination is more effective in preventing asthma attacks than the traditional combination of corticosteroid and rapid-onset long-acting β2 agonist. This approach reduces hospital admissions and healthcare cos...
A randomized controlled trial found that a youth development intervention significantly increased consistent condom use and reduced sexual risk behaviors among high-risk adolescent girls. The study also reported improvements in family connectedness and self-confidence to refuse unwanted sex.
Climate change is projected to increase the risk of heat waves, heavy rains, and droughts. Preparing resilient communities with disaster preparations, early warning systems, and well-built infrastructure can help mitigate these impacts.
A study of 606,877 live births in Belgium found that smoking bans led to a reduction in the risk of preterm birth, with decreases evident after each phase of legislation. The findings suggest that smoking bans have public health benefits from early life and support stricter smoke-free policies.