Articles tagged with Chemotherapy
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A new study suggests that men over 50 with unexplained ataxia or tremors should undergo testing to check if they have the FMR1 gene, which causes Fragile X-related disorder. The guidelines were developed after a multi-center study found 56 people had received prior diagnoses of other conditions before being correctly diagnosed with FXTAS.
A recent study published in The Lancet found that a single dose of chemotherapy is comparable to radiotherapy in treating stage 1 seminoma. Patients who received chemotherapy had fewer seminomas occurring in their remaining testicle and were less likely to develop tumors.
Researchers identify HPV types 16 and 18 as key factors in cervical precancer development, supporting targeted management for high-risk women. Night-shift work linked to increased breast cancer risk, while melatonin levels found to lower risk.
Researchers discovered that griseofulvin inhibits cancer cell growth by affecting mitosis, potentially providing a therapeutic advantage when combined with other treatments. The drug has been used for decades to treat fungal infections and shows mild anti-cancer activity.
Researchers have made advances in nuclear medicine, providing alternatives to traditional chemotherapy treatment for non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients. The new treatments showed improved response rates and durations, exceeding those following chemotherapy, and offer a personalized dose option.
A large study comparing thalidomide and traditional chemotherapy in multiple myeloma patients found that thalidomide was more effective, with 76% of patients achieving at least partial remission. The treatment also had fewer side effects, particularly deep vein thrombosis compared to granulocytopenia.
Researchers from Munich discovered that sequential FDG-PET can identify responding tumors after just one cycle of chemotherapy, allowing for earlier assessment of treatment efficacy. This could lead to more accurate individualized treatment and improved patient outcomes.
Researchers at Michigan Medicine have developed a nanoparticle-based treatment that targets cancer cells, increasing therapeutic response and reducing drug toxicity. The treatment uses dendrimers to deliver methotrexate and folate, allowing the cancer cells to internalize the drugs while minimizing harm to normal cells.
Researchers found that a vaccine targeting TRP-2 improves chemotherapy sensitivity in brain tumors. The study showed significant improvements in patient survival and tumor response rates compared to conventional treatments.
A cancer drug has been found to control levels of a hormone receptor protein in the womb, which is linked with giving birth. The study, funded by Action Medical Research, aims to assess whether the drug can be used to prevent premature birth.
Research suggests that obese women with breast cancer are more likely to receive reduced doses of adjuvant chemotherapy, leading to poorer outcomes. The study analyzed data from 9,672 women and found that 37% of severely obese patients received a dose reduction of at least 10%, compared to 20% of obese patients.
Researchers found that women who exercised during and after chemotherapy had improved activated lymphocytes and reduced inflammation. The exercise program improved physical functions and overall quality of life compared to non-exercisers.
A 14-month study found that dexmethyphenidate (d-MPH) significantly reduced fatigue and improved memory in cancer survivors with chemobrain. The medication, taken at dosages of 10-50 mg per day, showed safe and effective results for relieving chemobrain symptoms.
A new study finds that oral capecitabine plus oxaliplatin shows comparable efficacy and toxicity profiles to traditional intravenous chemotherapy, offering a more convenient treatment option for patients. The regimen has shown similar response rates and overall survival, with benefits in terms of patient autonomy and quality of life.
Researchers identified genetic variations associated with treatment resistance in childhood ALL, highlighting potential for personalized chemotherapy and simplified diagnostic tests. The study found links between specific gene variants and hematological relapse and central nervous system (CNS) cancer recurrence.
Researchers found a risk of cardiac toxicity ranging from 2.2 to 3.3 percent among patients receiving chemotherapy and trastuzumab. The study documented less than 1 percent of patients experiencing heart muscle damage alone during chemotherapy.
Researchers studied the combination of S-1, a new drug, and cisplatin in patients with advanced gastric cancer. Overall, 65% of patients responded to the chemotherapy, showing tumors shrunk in response to the drug.
A randomized multicenter study found that the doxorubicin-docetaxel combination is associated with an increased risk of severe sepsis and life-threatening complications in breast cancer patients. The incidence of febrile neutropenia was significantly higher with this regimen, resulting in 2 deaths related to drug toxicity.
New research from Mayo Clinic reveals that adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy reduces breast cancer recurrence by 52% and death risk by 33%. The study's findings could change the standard of care for thousands of women with HER-2 positive breast cancer.
A landmark Phase III trial found that concurrent chemotherapy and radiation therapy followed by surgery significantly improves lung cancer patient survival. Five-year survival rates were 36% for patients with partial lung removal and 27% for those who underwent concurrent treatment.
A study at the American Society of Clinical Oncology meeting found that a targeted cancer drug combined with low-dose chemotherapy shrinks ovarian cancer tumors in nearly half of patients. The treatment also slows disease progression and achieves stable disease in 59% of patients.
A large community-based clinical trial showed a significant reduction in febrile neutropenia and chemotherapy dose reductions among older patients receiving Neulasta. The study found that Neulasta reduced the incidence of serious adverse events, including hospitalizations and pneumonia.
Researchers have developed a new treatment called RADPLAT, which combines radiation and cisplatin delivered directly to the tumor via tiny catheters. This approach has shown encouraging results in patients with advanced stage IV-T4 disease, with high rates of local and regional tumor control and overall survival.
Researchers found that using limited amounts of chemotherapy improved outcomes in 86.4% of patients and overall survival rates of 95.9%. Factors such as bone marrow count and extra chromosomes were key predictors of response to less intensive treatment.
A Phase 3 study of Aranesp dosed every three weeks achieved a 91% success rate in maintaining target hemoglobin levels, with 72% of patients sustaining the level over 16 weeks. The treatment showed reduced need for red blood cell transfusions and consistent adverse event profile.
A randomized head-to-head study demonstrates Aranesp dosed every two weeks is comparable to Epoetin alfa dosed weekly in terms of transfusion rates and hemoglobin achievement. The study involved over 1,200 patients with chemotherapy-induced anemia and found similar outcomes between the two treatment groups.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic have developed a pharmacogenetic test to determine the best dose of three-drug chemotherapy treatment for various cancers. By analyzing a patient's genetic makeup, they can identify individuals with a higher risk of toxicity from irinotecan and tailor their treatment plan accordingly.
Researchers found that adding docetaxel to a combination chemotherapy regimen increased complete pathological response rates by 89% for patients with locally advanced squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. The treatment is expected to result in high survival rates, including 95% two-year and 90% five-year survival rates.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center found that adding bevacizumab to standard chemotherapy extended median survival by 2.3 months, improving overall tumor response rates and progression-free survival. This new treatment regimen is recommended as the standard for advanced non-small cell lung cancer patients.
Researchers at Vanderbilt University Medical Center have developed a new understanding of the molecular structure and function of MsbA, a key player in drug resistance. The team used spin labeling to create a dynamic model of the protein, revealing its mechanism of action and opening and closing processes.
Researchers have discovered the structure of a membrane transporter protein used by bacteria and human cancer cells to evade drugs. This finding could lead to improved cancer therapy and more effective treatments for antibiotic-resistant infections. The protein, MsbA, plays a crucial role in bacterial cell growth and is now being studi...
A study published in the Journal of Clinical Investigation has identified a new protein called SPARC that plays a crucial role in tumor therapy resistance. The researchers found that restoring SPARC expression in resistant cells improved their sensitivity to chemotherapy, suggesting potential therapeutic applications.
A new protein called SPARC is involved in tumor therapy resistance, while complement component C5 contributes to airway inflammation in asthma. BMP signaling pathways may also be therapeutic targets for treating spondyloarthropathies.
A large collaborative analysis of early breast cancer trials found that standard treatments such as chemotherapy and hormonal therapy can halve the 15-year risk of death from breast cancer. The study included data from 145,000 women with early breast cancer in 194 randomised trials.
A combination of chemotherapy drugs showed improved overall and progression-free survival rates compared to a single drug, gemcitabine. Patients treated with the combination regimen (PEGF) had a higher percentage alive without disease after 4 months than those on standard treatment.
A new study found that increasing Pap screening adherence and improving its accuracy could reduce the incidence of invasive cervical cancer among women with access to screening. The study also identified factors associated with screening failure, including lack of Pap testing and unrelated outpatient visits.
Researchers found that motexafin gadolinium creates oxidative stress in tumor cells, increasing metallothionein production and inhibiting thioredoxin reductase. This leads to cell death via disruption of critical enzymes needed for cell survival and replication.
A recent study, led by Dr. Edward Romond, found that adding trastuzumab to chemotherapy significantly improves prognosis for women with aggressive HER-2 positive breast cancer. The study involved over 3,300 patients and demonstrated substantial benefits of combining trastuzumab with chemotherapy.
A clinical trial found that elderly patients with locally advanced limited stage small cell lung cancer can benefit from combined modality therapy, with similar two- and five-year survival rates compared to younger patients. However, severe pneumonitis was more common in the elderly group.
A new study found that altering food schedules and light/dark exposure in mice modified the expression of circadian clock genes and genes involved in carcinogenesis and tumor progression. The authors conclude that the altered light/dark or feeding schedules may slow tumor growth in chronic jet-lagged mice.
Researchers at VCU demonstrated that administering Viagra before an anti-cancer drug like doxorubicin can prevent heart damage and dilated cardiomyopathy in a mouse model. The study suggests that Viagra may be used to reduce the incidence of DOX cardiomyopathy in patients receiving chemotherapy.
A high-throughput screening method using automated imaging and bioinformatics has identified a novel compound with promising potential as an anticancer agent. The compound, hydroxy-PP, targets carbonyl reductase 1, an enzyme involved in chemotherapy-related cardiotoxicity.
A study in Southern Mexico found that implementing DOTS (short-course chemotherapy) significantly reduced the incidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis, from 9.4 to 1.5 cases per 100,000 people between 1996 and 2000. The strategy also improved treatment outcomes for patients with drug-resistant TB.
Researchers at OHSU have developed a medication that blocks the MC4 receptor to reverse the effects of cachexia, increasing appetite and weight while decreasing metabolic rate. The study demonstrates a potential new treatment for this serious disorder, providing hope for patients affected by AIDS and cancer.
Researchers found that combining chemotherapy with Herceptin before surgery in early-stage breast cancer patients resulted in a 42% higher tumor reduction and 66.7% pathological complete remission rate compared to chemotherapy alone. The combination also showed less risk of heart damage, leading the clinical trial to be halted early.
Researchers discovered BIM accumulation is crucial for paclitaxel-induced apoptosis, while H-ras/MAPK pathway suppresses it. Cotreatment with proteosome inhibitors restored BIM accumulation, enabling tumor regression. This study highlights the importance of understanding signaling mechanisms to guide rational combination therapy.
A new discovery may lead to more precise cancer treatment by creating damaged DNA that is deadly to cancer cells. Researchers created synthetic double-stranded DNA with specific chemical characteristics and exposed it to long wavelength light, selectively triggering the damage process.
A new chemotherapy combination has shown significant improvement in survival rates for brain tumour patients, with almost half of those with an inactivated MGMT gene surviving after 2 years. The treatment also did not negatively impact patients' quality of life, offering a promising breakthrough in glioblastoma treatment.
Researchers have found that a combination of surgery and intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy (IPHC) improves overall survival and quality of life in patients with tumors of the appendix, small bowel, ovarian cancer, colon, rectum, stomach, and mesothelioma. The treatment has been shown to be effective for high-grade and low-grade...
A new study finds that MRI is more accurate than current standards in assessing the effectiveness of neoadjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. The imaging technique correctly identified the presence of residual tumor in 71% of cases, while sonography and clinical examination were less accurate.
St. Jude Children's Research Hospital finds that upfront treatment with radiation followed by chemotherapy can cure brain tumors in children over 3 years old, raising survival rates to 78% for two-year event-free survival and 89% for overall survival. The study shows promise for treating relapse cases using ICE chemotherapy.
A study analyzing data from four clinical trials found that older patients with lymph node-positive breast cancer can tolerate standard and intensive chemotherapy regimens similarly to younger patients. The findings suggest that age is not a barrier to the effectiveness of adjuvant chemotherapy in healthy older women.
Researchers identified a 76-gene signature that can predict disease relapse in patients with lymph-node negative breast cancer. The signature showed high sensitivity (93%) but lower specificity (48%) in predicting distant recurrence within five years.
Researchers at Purdue University have created a chip with thousands of tiny vessels on top of a material containing pores to mimic synthetic cell membranes. This innovation aims to develop 'laboratories-on-a-chip' that can screen individual drugs and increase the efficiency of drug discovery.
Researchers found that a genetic component of the body's internal clock affects immune cells' sensitivity to cyclophosphamide, an anti-cancer drug. The study's findings may lead to more effective and less toxic cancer treatments.
A new study in JAMA found that over 75% of patients with malignant brain tumors underwent common procedures like radiation therapy, MRI, or surgery. However, the study also discovered that some practice patterns contradict published guidelines, such as the infrequent use of chemotherapy and anti-depressant medications.
The study found significant variations in treatment practices for patients with malignant glioma, including differences in the use of radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and antidepressants. These variations were associated with differences in survival rates, highlighting the need for further investigation and potential improvements to tr...
Chemists in Australia have created a molecule called the 'superbowl' that can carry large molecules of medicinal value, including painkillers and chemotherapy drugs, to specific areas of the body. The molecule shows promise for precision drug delivery and may one day improve medical treatments and save lives.
The addition of locoregional radiation therapy significantly improved breast cancer survival and reduced mortality in high-risk patients. A 20-year follow-up study found that the regimen resulted in a 32% reduction in breast cancer mortality and a 27% reduction in overall mortality compared to chemotherapy alone.
Researchers found women with invasive lobular carcinoma have a different disease type, benefiting from tailored treatment approaches. Alternative therapies like hormonal treatments may be more effective for this rare form of breast cancer.