Articles tagged with Herpes Simplex
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A novel topical treatment for cold sores has demonstrated equivalent efficacy to oral systemic drugs without safety or toxicity concerns. The treatment, NB-001, speeds up healing of lesions by 1.3 days and is well-tolerated with no adverse events.
Herpes simplex virus type I is kept under constant guard by the immune system, which actively holds the infection in check without destroying the neurons harboring it. CD8 T cells target infected sensory neurons with lytic granules that attack viral infections without killing the neurons.
Researchers have studied the spread of herpes virus among sumo wrestlers in Japan and discovered a new strain that could be even more pathogenic. The study found that the BgKL strain is reactivated, spreads more efficiently and causes more severe symptoms than other strains.
Researchers have discovered that the antiviral drug acyclovir can suppress HIV in patients infected with both herpes and HIV. Acyclovir works by targeting the unique enzyme present in herpes virus HHV-6, converting it into a compound capable of attacking HIV directly.
Researchers discovered that acyclovir directly suppresses HIV-1 in tissues co-infected with several herpesviruses. The activated form of acyclovir inhibits the HIV-1 reverse transcriptase, necessary for viral replication. This finding holds promise for developing new anti-HIV treatments combining acyclovir with other therapies.
Research suggests that sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) can increase the risk of contracting HIV by activating Langerhans cells in the skin and vagina. This activation allows the virus to spread more easily, highlighting the potential for anti-inflammatory treatments to prevent HIV transmission.
Researchers found that HHV-6 is integrated into the chromosomes of babies born with the virus, differing from congenital CMV infections. This unique mode of infection may occur in up to 1 in 116 newborns, affecting their development and immune system.
Researchers recommend using prophylactic antiretroviral (ARV) drugs to reduce infectiousness among HIV-positive individuals. Male circumcision is also shown to significantly reduce the risk of HIV transmission. Providing contraception for HIV-positive women can further prevent mother-to-baby transmission and unintended pregnancies.
A study published in PLOS Pathogens identifies over 120 viral proteins that disrupt key cellular processes, including gene expression and antiviral responses. Herpesviruses employ multiple strategies to manipulate the host cell nucleus, particularly through disruption of PML bodies.
Rates of sexually transmitted infections (STIs) have more than doubled among people aged 45 and older between 1996 and 2003. Genital warts and herpes were the most common STIs diagnosed in this age group, with rates highest among men aged 55-60 plus and women aged 45-54.
A trial found that aciclovir did not reduce the risk of HIV-1 infection in HSV-2 positive women and MSM. However, it did reduce incidence of genital ulcers by 47% and HSV-2 ulcers by 63%. The authors suggest novel strategies are needed to interrupt interactions between HSV-2 and HIV-1.
A study of 504 patients with herpes zoster found that individuals with a family history of the condition were 4.35 times more likely to develop shingles. The authors suggest targeting at-risk individuals based on their family history to decrease the risk and health care expenditures associated with herpes zoster morbidity.
Researchers found a genetic link to cold sore susceptibility on chromosome 21, identifying six candidate genes. This discovery may lead to the development of new drugs to reduce the frequency of herpes outbreaks and improve treatment options for millions affected by the virus.
University of Pennsylvania researchers have uncovered the key step in how herpes simplex virus, HSV-1, invades healthy cells using cooperating proteins on its outer coat. The study used biomolecular complementation with a fluorescent protein called Venus to demonstrate the effectiveness of monitoring protein interactions.
A survey found that doctors and patients with herpes have poor understanding of the infection, including its transmission and treatment. Doctors overestimated the emotional impact and underestimated viral shedding risks.
A single amino acid variation in equid herpesvirus type 1 (EHV-1) creates a different type of EHV-1 that causes neurological disorders in horses. The researchers found that altering this amino acid reduces virus levels and makes the virus more susceptible to antiviral drugs.
Heldwein's research aims to understand how herpesviruses enter host cells using structural and biophysical approaches. Her work has identified the shape of one protein that allows viruses to gain entry into cells.
Researchers discovered a genetically engineered herpes simplex virus reduces smooth muscle cell proliferation and restores endothelial layer in arteries following angioplasty. This study provides an important step towards treating vascular disease with genetically engineered viruses.
A new vaccine has been developed to prevent hCMV infection and disease in mice, showing promise for human use. The vaccine generates an immune response that protects against both infection and disease by disarming the virus's ability to replicate.
Researchers discovered that herpes viruses trick mouse cells into activating the DNA damage response, allowing them to replicate more efficiently. Blocking this activation significantly reduces viral replication rates, providing a promising target for antiviral therapy.
Researchers found that mice with chronic herpes virus infections can resist certain bacterial infections, suggesting potential benefits from latent viral infections. The study suggests that human immune systems have evolved to benefit from these chronic infections, which could impact vaccine development and disease research.
A trial published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that treating women co-infected with HSV-2 and HIV with anti-herpes treatment significantly reduced HIV levels in genital secretions and plasma. The results suggest a new approach to reducing sexual transmission of HIV from already infected individuals.
Research suggests treating HSV-2 infections reduces genital and systemic levels of HIV-1 RNA, with potential implications for treatment and management of co-infections.
Researchers at Stanford University School of Medicine have used the antiviral drug valganciclovir to treat patients with chronic fatigue syndrome, with significant improvement in 21 out of 25 cases. The therapy has shown promise in reducing inflammation and improving symptoms.
A study found that herpes simplex virus, which causes cold sores, may be more active in the brains of people with the ApoE-4 gene variant, a known risk factor for Alzheimer's disease. The research suggests that ApoE-4 may alter the balance between the HSV life cycle forms, potentially increasing the risk of Alzheimer's.
A new vaginal gel designed to prevent herpes and HIV infection is being tested in a US study. The gel, called VivaGel, has shown nearly 100% effectiveness in animal trials with few side effects. The study aims to give women more control over their sexual health and reduce the spread of these infections.
A Montana State University researcher has made significant breakthroughs in developing a live vaccine against genital herpes. The study found that mice vaccinated with a genetically-modified herpes simplex virus type 1 showed no signs of disease after exposure to the wild-type strain.
Researchers have identified a single gene mutation that predisposes individuals to herpes simplex encephalitis, an infectious disease that can cause mental retardation and death. A new treatment strategy involving type I interferon may accelerate recovery and limit brain damage.
A study found that herpes virus infects cornea cells through a process similar to how phagocytes engulf foreign invaders, allowing the virus to evade the immune system. This unusual pathway opens up new strategies for developing therapies against ocular herpes and has implications for understanding other herpes virus infections.
Researchers found a unique genetic mutation that makes people susceptible to herpes simplex virus-1, leading to viral encephalitis. The study challenges current thinking on how genes work with infections, providing new insights into the immune system's response to pathogens.
The study found a significant decrease in the age-adjusted HSV-2 seroprevalence from 17.0% in 1999-2004 to 21.0% in 1988-1994, with decreases especially concentrated among persons aged 14 to 19 years. The prevalence of genital herpes caused by HSV-1 may be increasing.
A new study outlines an innovative approach to create a CMV vaccine using recombinant technologies. Researchers have successfully introduced human CMV genes into mouse CMV, resulting in a novel form of the virus that can trigger an immune response without sustaining infection.
Researchers found that glucocorticoids (GCs) alter the activity of bone-forming and bone-degrading cells, leading to delayed bone formation and resulting in GC-induced osteoporosis. Antisense oligonucleotides can be delivered through cerebrospinal fluid to treat neurodegenerative diseases like ALS.
Combination anti-retroviral therapies have significantly reduced the incidence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected children, including bacterial pneumonia, herpes zoster, and tuberculosis. The study found a substantial decrease in infection rates compared to the pre-HAART era.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that giving pregnant women with a history of genital herpes an anti-viral drug significantly lowers the rate of C-sections needed to protect infants from becoming infected. The study, involving 338 women, showed a 69% reduction in clinical herpes simplex virus at delivery.
A research team led by Professor Nigel W. Fraser discovered that herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV-1) produces an miRNA molecule encoded by the LAT gene. This miRNA works through RNA interference to prevent normal cell death, maintaining latent infection for life. The study offers a new target for treatment against latent infections.
A recent study found that patients with genital HSV-2 infection who knew they had the virus and informed their partners were about half as likely to transmit the virus. The study suggests testing and disclosure as effective tools to prevent HSV-2 transmission, along with suppressive antiviral therapy and condom use.
Researchers found that mice lacking MHC Class I molecules can still mount an effective CD8 T cell response against chronic herpes virus infections. This suggests the presence of a backup immune system component that can recognize and fight viral proteins without relying on MHC Class I.
Researchers found elevated antibodies to EBV in individuals with MS, persisting up to 20 years before symptoms. The study suggests a strong link between EBV and MS risk, but the exact mechanisms remain unclear.
A clinical trial found that epidural injections of steroids and local anaesthetics provided modest pain relief for shingles patients, but did not prevent chronic pain. The treatment was most effective during the first week after injection, but its effects were short-lived.
The study found that Chlamydial infection was common in both heterosexual and homosexual men with NGU, with C. trachomatis and M. genitalium being associated with unprotected vaginal sex. Oral-genital contact may be an important mechanism of NGU pathogen transmission, according to the findings.
A study of high-risk individuals found that condom use was associated with lower rates of herpes simplex virus-2. Pregnant women were four times more likely to experience blood clots than non-pregnant women, with the risk increasing during the postpartum period. Condoms remain a proven method for reducing STD risks in at-risk individuals.
Researchers at the University of Michigan have identified a receptor, dubbed B5, that plays a crucial role in the herpes simplex virus's ability to infect human cells. The team has developed a pig-cell system that could be used to test new anti-herpes drugs and has discovered that blocking the B5 receptor can prevent viral infection.
A recent study conducted by Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health reveals high rates of sexually transmitted infections among young drug users. The study found that nearly 73% of participants were injection drug users and that women were more likely to have syphilis than men.
A phase I study has shown early promise for a cancer-killing virus targeting colorectal cancer. The virus, NV1020, selectively kills cancer cells while sparing normal tissue, leading to improved CEA reductions and median survival times of up to 23 months.
Scientists develop gene transfer technology to block neuropathic pain by delivering a GABA-enhancing gene via a disabled herpes simplex virus. The treatment showed promise in animal studies, with pain-relieving effects lasting up to six weeks. A clinical trial in humans is planned.
A limited study of 15 horses found that MLV vaccines consistently had lower fevers, no neurological disorders and less virus in nasal fluids. The horses were then exposed to the herpes virus after vaccination with either an MLV or inactivated vaccine.
Researchers found that hormonal contraceptives and bacterial infections like BV and GBS increase the risk of shedding type-2 herpes. Treatment for these infections may help reduce HSV-2 shedding frequency, controlling its transmission.
Researchers found that glycyrrhizic acid from licorice can kill cells infected with the Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus. The compound targets genes required to maintain the virus in a latent state, potentially leading to novel anti-herpesvirus agents.
Researchers at NYU School of Medicine discovered that glycyrrhizic acid can kill cells infected with Kaposi sarcoma-associated herpesvirus, triggering apoptosis in transformed B lymphocytes. This finding suggests a potential new treatment approach for latent viral infections.
A University of Pittsburgh study documents an increase in genital herpes infections linked to receptive oral sex and vaginal intercourse. The risk is higher among young women, who are increasingly susceptible to HSV-1 infection due to a decline in childhood cases.
Research reveals that female sex hormones, particularly estradiol, play a crucial role in defense against sexually transmitted diseases. Estradiol-treated mice showed 100% protection from herpes virus infection, while those with progesterone or no hormone showed extensive infection and increased inflammation.
The varicella vaccine has significantly reduced the number of chickenpox cases and deaths from varicella, with a 66% decline in mortality. However, its impact on herpes zoster incidence, age distribution, and severity remains uncertain, emphasizing the need for continued vaccination programs.
A new study found that HSV-1 DNA was present in the eyes and mouths of nearly all healthy participants, highlighting the widespread nature of the virus. The research suggests that controlling virus excretion could limit transmission and is a simple way to evaluate new antiviral drugs.
The HMS vaccine, dl5-29, outperformed two established vaccines in animal models, demonstrating a stronger T cell response and broader antibody protection. The results suggest that dl5-29 is the most compelling new vaccine candidate for genital herpes, with potential to prevent infection and recurring disease.
A blood test for HSV-2 can detect antibodies in people at high risk for STDs, HIV-positive individuals, and those whose partners have the virus. Pregnant women with uninfected partners do not require screening, as most women develop antibodies after three months of infection.
The NIH awarded Indiana University a $7 million grant to establish the Midwest Sexually Transmitted Infections and Topical Microbicides Cooperative Research Center. The center will focus on researching epidemiology, acquisition, prevention, and pathogenesis of sexually transmitted infections in young women.
A team from Pacific Northwest National Laboratory and Oregon Health & Science University has discovered a record number of proteins for the highly infectious human cytomegalovirus, doubling the previously identified amount. The study reveals that HCMV may express as many as 200 proteins at various points in its life cycle.
Researchers found that THC prevents viral reactivation in gamma herpes viruses, which are linked to certain cancers. The study suggests a potential antiviral drug based on nonpsychoactive derivatives of THC, but further research is required.
A new vaccine for genital herpes is being tested in a clinical trial, aiming to protect women against this sexually transmitted infection. The vaccine has passed preliminary safety and effectiveness testing and is now enrolling approximately 7,550 healthy female volunteers between 18-30 years old.