Articles tagged with Disease Control
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
The authors emphasize the need for an effective international response to address alcohol-related harm, citing inadequate policies and industry influence as major obstacles. Cost-effective interventions exist but require scaling up; governments, NGOs, and academia must work together to develop and implement policies.
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI) is funding a network of research and training centers in developing countries to prevent and control chronic diseases. The centers will conduct research tailored to local needs and foster the training of emerging scientists and health professionals. With UnitedHealth Group's Chronic...
Researchers found that a combination of insulin and vitamin C stopped blood vessel damage caused by Type 1 diabetes in patients with poor glucose control. The therapy's effectiveness was proven in humans for the first time, offering hope for diabetic patients to avoid complications.
Scientists have identified a new arenavirus, Lujo virus, linked to a fatal hemorrhagic fever outbreak in Zambia and South Africa. Genetic analysis confirms the utility of high-throughput sequencing for pathogen discovery, enabling rapid detection and response to emerging viral diseases.
Research published in The Lancet found that diabetics who maintain intensive, low blood sugar levels are significantly less likely to suffer heart attacks and coronary heart disease. This is due to a 17% reduction in heart attacks and a 15% reduction in coronary heart disease.
A meta-analysis of five trials found that more intensive glucose control in type 2 diabetes significantly reduces coronary events, including non-fatal heart attacks and coronary heart disease events. However, it has no significant effect on stroke rates or all-cause mortality.
New estimates suggest latent TB infection screening should focus on high-risk populations, rather than the entire general population. Targeted screening efforts can effectively control tuberculosis, according to a study by Massachusetts General Hospital researchers.
The International Diabetes Federation, World Heart Federation, and UICC are urging the international community to address the growing epidemic of non-communicable diseases (NCDs), responsible for 35 million deaths each year. NCDs, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, cancer, and chronic respiratory diseases, pose a significant t...
Infection control methods could reduce hospital-acquired neonatal infections, which account for one-third of global child deaths. Multidrug-resistant GNRs were found in over 1,900 colonizing and infecting neonates, with high-risk factors including mechanical ventilation and prematurity.
Dr. Michael Holick, a leading vitamin D expert, has been awarded the $50,000 Linus Pauling Institute Prize for his pioneering work in disease prevention and public health. His research has shown a significant link between vitamin D deficiency and various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune diseases, and cardiovascular disease.
A new study finds that hypnotherapy can significantly improve the quality of life for ulcerative colitis patients, with 80% reporting increased control over their disease and a 76% increase in overall well-being. The treatment also reduces flare-ups, with only two of 12 subjects experiencing relapses after one year.
Out-patient clinics and offices can transmit antibiotic-resistant bacteria like MRSA, C.difficile, and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus. Implementing infection control strategies such as hygiene, education, and careful prescribing of antibiotics can minimize transmission.
Researchers found that entomopathogenic fungus Beauveria bassiana is virulent against Triatoma infestans, the primary vector of Chagas disease. The fungus successfully killed over 50% of infected bugs in field assays, reducing bug populations and estimated parasite transmission risk.
The International Diabetes Federation is urging governments to focus on preventing and treating non-communicable diseases, including diabetes. Professor Silink emphasizes the need for action to address the growing economic burden of NCDs on healthcare systems and society.
A study published in the Clinical Journal of the American Society Nephrology found that dialysis patients taking an average of 19 pills a day experience worsening quality of life. The high pill burden, largely due to phosphate binders, can lead to poorer physical and mental health outcomes.
A UCSF study found that personalized self-management programs for asthma patients significantly improved medication adherence and disease control. The program, which included a 30-minute session with a healthcare professional, resulted in better health outcomes and reduced emergency department visits.
Researchers found that clusters of schistosomiasis infections occurred in the same areas ten years after a control program ended. Long-term stability in spatial distribution suggests reviewing historic data can aid planning targeted control programs.
A study of ICU patients found that 45% were deficient in vitamin D, with lower levels associated with greater disease severity. Researchers believe that vitamin D deficiency may contribute to disease complications and suggest that raising vitamin D levels may be beneficial for critically ill patients.
A literature review suggests that global health initiatives and agencies claim to support health system strengthening but often fail to deliver. The study examines the claims made by major global health actors, such as WHO and UNAIDS, and finds a gap between their language and actual activities.
A research team led by Dr Keith Shearwin and Dr Ian Dodd from the University of Adelaide has been awarded a US$900,000 grant to investigate DNA looping. The study aims to understand how correct DNA loops are formed to control gene expression in cells.
A Harvard Medical School study found that universal coverage can narrow health disparities among racial and economic groups. Among individuals age 65 and older with Medicare coverage, socio-demographic gaps in blood pressure, cholesterol, and blood sugar levels decreased substantially.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania have found a new way to combat malaria by trapping parasites inside host cells. They identified an enzyme called calpain-1, which parasites use to break out of infected cells, and developed a method to block it, leaving parasites trapped.
A new process controlling cell fat storage has been discovered, which could lead to novel drugs for metabolic syndrome and fatty liver disease. The study found that autophagy regulates lipid metabolism, and disrupting this process can contribute to diseases such as obesity and type 2 diabetes.
A recent review of published articles suggests bed bug bites are unlikely to transmit disease, but may cause skin reactions. Effective treatments for symptomatic bed bug bites have not been established, and eradication is complicated by insecticide resistance.
A study published in Physical Therapy found that directing attention to external effects of movement improves postural stability in patients with Parkinson's disease. This strategy may help reduce falls and improve mobility for those affected.
University of Adelaide researchers developed a model predicting mosquito population peaks, aiding in disease outbreak prevention by allowing for targeted mosquito control. The study analyzed 15 years of data on Aedes vigilax populations, linking environmental factors to peak timing and magnitude.
A detailed malaria risk map published by the Wellcome Trust shows that three-quarters of the world's high-risk areas have low transmission rates, making malaria control more feasible. The map, developed using state-of-the-art technology, pinpoints malaria risk to an unprecedented resolution of 25km2.
The University of Pittsburgh will focus on developing new strategies to prevent and control antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections, such as C. difficile, A. baumannii, and MRSA. The four-year grant aims to improve infection surveillance and reduce healthcare costs associated with these resistant infections.
Effective measures to prevent and control hospital infections from antibiotic-resistant organisms include proper hand hygiene, a clean environment, and early patient identification. Hospital-acquired infections are more common in patients with certain risk factors such as older age, severe disease, or prolonged antibiotic use.
Researchers have discovered a new phenomenon in which super-connectivity is significantly delayed due to the introduction of randomness. The transition becomes instantaneous once it occurs, like crystallizing ice.
A study by Columbia University's Mailman School of Public Health identified common hazardous conditions in home healthcare settings, including environmental and physical hazards. The research highlights the need for simple interventions to mitigate these risks and promote patient safety.
A new study found that young men aged 24 or less who leave the UK Armed Forces have a two to three times higher risk of suicide compared to their peers. The risk is highest in those with short lengths of service and lower ranks, suggesting pre-military vulnerabilities may play a role.
A new study by Queen's University reveals that Canadian long-term care facilities are not meeting recommended standards for infection prevention and control. The findings highlight a lack of essential activities, including surveillance and control measures, resulting in increased morbidity, mortality, and financial expense.
A recent CDC study reveals a steady decline in intensive care unit catheter-associated MRSA bloodstream infections since 2001. SHEA President Mark Rupp emphasizes the need to focus on preventing infections caused by multiple organisms rather than just one, such as MRSA.
Researchers found alternative fumigants to be effective in controlling weeds in California strawberry nurseries. The study tested various treatments, including MB-alternatives, and found that hand-weeding times were reduced in all fields that had been fumigated, with varying material costs.
A study by the University of Minnesota and CDC found that 43% of active-duty military personnel engage in frequent binge drinking, leading to approximately 30 million episodes annually. This behavior is strongly associated with health and social problems, including job performance issues and alcohol-impaired driving.
A study found a significant increase in quinolone-resistant gonorrhea from 2% to 28% in Ontario between 2001 and 2006. Infections among heterosexual men are linked to the rising rate of resistance.
MIT researchers have developed a new computer model that analyzes different methods of controlling malaria's spread. The model shows that environmental measures such as leveling land and eliminating pools of water can be an effective strategy in the fight against malaria.
A study of 153,268 TB patients in the US found that substance abuse is a significant modifiable behavior impeding TB elimination efforts. Substance abusers were more likely to have contagious forms of TB and experience treatment failure compared to non-abusers.
Expert authors advocate for a US foreign policy agenda focused on eliminating neglected tropical diseases, citing connections between NTDs and conflict. The control of these devastating diseases could be achieved at a fraction of the cost of other medical interventions.
Researchers argue that integrating malaria and neglected tropical disease control interventions at the community level can increase antimalarial treatment rates by over twice as much. They propose that global funders recognize this approach to expand coverage of both diseases.
A comprehensive elimination strategy is proposed to significantly block the spread of schistosomiasis, a chronic inflammatory disease affecting over 207 million people worldwide. The approach incorporates supplementary education and sanitation with secondary environmental benefits.
The Chronic Care Model has been shown to improve health outcomes and reduce costs for patients with chronic diseases. The model guides quality improvement efforts in medical practices, promoting team-based care, self-management support, and integrated decision support.
Adult cystic fibrosis patients can accurately predict their mortality based on their own reported quality of life. Patient-reported pain was found to be a critical factor in determining survival rates, highlighting the importance of using patient-reported measures in clinical trials.
A new study examines the aftereffects of a chlorine gas disaster in South Carolina, providing insight into how to prepare emergency response systems for accidental or terrorist releases. The study found that many hospitalized patients showed evidence of severe lung damage, but most recovered quickly and were discharged within a week.
Research found that gene expression and alternative splicing vary significantly between blood and brain tissues, with potential implications for understanding diseases such as epilepsy and Alzheimer's. The study suggests that genetic variation affecting splicing may be more relevant to disease than variations in overall gene expression.
A study published in JAMA found that a diet high in low-glycemic foods, such as nuts and beans, improved glycemic control and cardiovascular risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes. The ESC recommends structured lifestyle advice for diabetes management, suggesting it may be as effective as some drug interventions.
Case Western Reserve professor David Gurarie develops mathematical models to track symptoms, treatment outcomes and environmental conditions of diseases. These models allow doctors to make predictions about effective treatment and help identify areas where new diseases may emerge.
Researchers at UGA will develop and evaluate strategies to reduce morbidity from schistosomiasis in low- and middle-income countries. The project aims to identify, control, and eliminate the disease where feasible.
A study published in JAMA found that a low-glycemic index diet resulted in greater improvements in glycemic control and reduced cardiovascular risk factors compared to a high-cereal fiber diet. The researchers found that participants on the low-glycemic index diet had lower hemoglobin A1c levels and improved lipid profiles.
A recent study found that patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are three times more likely to experience severe coronary events, including heart attacks. The disease is also linked to increased risks of angina, stroke, and deep vein thrombosis.
Levodopa is recommended for treating both early and advanced stages of Parkinson's disease, improving motor skills, speech, and gait. The treatment can also confirm a suspected diagnosis of Parkinson's disease, providing relief from tremors and other symptoms.
A new study by Joslin researchers found that a common genetic variant associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease is also linked to poor glycemic control in people with diabetes. Those with the variant and poor glucose control experienced a four-fold increased risk for CAD relative to those without the variant and good...
Insecticide-treated bednet coverage increased from 1.8% in 2000 to 18.5% by 2007, leaving 89.6 million children unprotected, with 25% in Nigeria alone.
The 'Cradle & Grave' white paper examines seismic changes in birth, health, and death trends, influencing the future administration and Americans contemplating their futures. Gary Stockman highlights outdated assumptions shaping unrealistic expectations and poor choices.
A new study reveals proposed FDA regulation fails to address migrant worker suffering, smoking prevalence, or outsourcing of leaf production. The regulation may favor big tobacco by reducing liability and sustaining global operations.
A new national survey by Queen's University shows that despite increased investment in infection control since the SARS crisis, the number of resistant bacterial infections has multiplied. The study highlights a need for continued investment in infection control resources and programs to combat the growing threat of superbugs.
Researchers found that smaller mosquitoes have higher infection rates and potential to transmit dengue virus than larger individuals. The study suggests that control strategies may benefit from producing larger, less competent adult mosquitoes in terms of infection, potentially mitigating dengue transmission.
A recent study found a remarkable 75% decrease in severe malaria deaths from 10.8 to 1.2 per 10,000 between 2015 and 2020 along the Kenyan coast. The decline is attributed to improved treatment, bednet usage, and mosquito breeding site management.
A study found that the World Health Organization's (WHO) budget allocations do not align with global disease burdens. The WHO allocated 87% of its budget to infectious diseases, while non-communicable diseases received only 12%. This disparity in funding is concerning, particularly for injuries and violence, which are largely underfunded.