The study reveals a mechanism in the brain's neuronal network that restricts working memory capacity to two to seven items, with frontal lobes regulating parietal lobe memory capacity. The 'model brain' computations were confirmed using fMRI experiments and suggest improved working memory through increased frontal lobe activation.
Dr. Sihoun Hahn received the 2009-2010 Luminex/ACMGF Award to promote safe and effective genetic testing and services. The award supports research guidelines and recognizes medical geneticists' role in translating genetic research into medical services.
A study by Michigan State University researchers found that people spend more time looking at brand names and less time reading warnings on over-the-counter pain-killers. The findings raise questions about the effectiveness of warning labels in conveying critical information to consumers.
A new study by Joann Peck and Suzanne B. Shu finds that touching objects boosts feelings of ownership and leads to higher prices. Researchers suggest retailers use touch experiences and ownership imagery to increase sales, both in-store and online.
Research links sleep disturbances to higher risk of suicidal thoughts, planning and attempts in adults. Scientists found a strong association between early morning awakening and increased likelihood of suicidal behaviors.
Researchers are racing against time to find ways to combat the wheat curl mite, a nemesis of the region's wheat crop. The mites are vectored by three viruses: wheat streak mosaic virus, wheat mosaic virus, and Triticum mosaic virus, with Texas being the hot spot for all three.
A recent study by Charles Hillman and Darla Castelli found that physical activity can improve children's cognitive control and academic achievement. Children who engaged in a 20-minute walking session performed better on flanker tasks and showed improved event-related brain potentials.
Researchers found that consumers prefer green products when making an 'exclusion' frame of mind, rather than an 'inclusion' one. By focusing on what they don't want, consumers are more likely to consider key issues such as animal testing and human rights. This framing shift can lead to increased preference for eco-friendly products.
Researchers at Georgetown University Medical Center have discovered an experimental agent that can reverse damage from spinal cord injury by blocking inflammatory reactions. The study shows that microglial cells release neurotoxic factors after injury, leading to lasting nerve cell damage.
A study found that providing housing for chronically homeless individuals with severe alcohol problems leads to significant reductions in healthcare use and costs. Housing First (HF) programs, which allow for non-abstinence-based treatment, showed cost savings of over $4 million per year.
In a study published in PLOS ONE, ants were observed to establish new one-way systems when faced with obstacles. Despite initial hesitation, the ants eventually learned to use light direction to follow the new trails and successfully forage for months. This adaptation demonstrates the complex problem-solving abilities of ants.
Research shows that surgeons operating on prostate cancer patients face a steep learning curve when switching to laparoscopic surgery. Patients may be at increased risk of cancer recurrence if treated by inexperienced surgeons. To minimize this risk, specialist cancer centers with experienced surgeons are recommended.
A major study funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation investigates whether gut microbes contribute to severe malnutrition in infants. Researchers at WashU Medicine will compare intestinal microbes of severely malnourished twins with healthy twins, exploring their role in malnutrition's complex interplay with diet and human genome.
A five-year Canadian study published in Annals of Epidemiology found that teens' physical activity declines significantly during winter months and persists throughout adolescence. Researchers suggest promoting diverse activities to offset these drops and counteract the effects of cold weather.
Astrocytes, star-shaped nerve cells, use specific machinery and recognition molecules to recognize viral invaders and initiate inflammation. This understanding may lead to new treatment strategies for viral infections of the brain and spinal cord.
A new study in the Journal of Consumer Research examines why some consumers prefer local products, such as Fei-Chang Cola, while others favor global brands like Pepsi Cola. The research reveals that intrinsic mindsets and desires for distinctiveness vs. similarity play a crucial role in shaping consumer preferences.
A new combination of antimicrobial drugs and peptides has been developed to target MRSA, resulting in a 99.97% kill rate and 1000x increased effectiveness compared to existing treatments. This approach also prevents bacteria from producing toxins and is unlikely to lead to resistance.
Researchers successfully retrieve DNA from ancient macrofossils up to 26,000 years old and dried museum beetle specimens up to 188 years old using a non-destructive DNA extraction method. This breakthrough has significant implications for population genetic studies and reconstruction of ancient biodiversity.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab used the world's most powerful transmission electron microscope to observe real-time carbon atom movement around a hole in graphene. The study found that zigzag configurations are more stable than armchair configurations, holding promise for predicting and controlling device stability.
Researchers created a method called Minimum Mutual Information (MinMI) to understand how brain cells process information. The tool can identify which neurons encode specific stimuli, such as facial reactions or movement, and how they collaborate.
Using CT imaging, researchers have uncovered hidden details in the Nefertiti bust, including two subtly different faces and varying layers of stucco. The findings provide valuable information for conserving the statue, highlighting vulnerable areas that require careful handling to prevent damage.
The Deep Sky project develops a user-friendly database system and interface to serve high-resolution cosmic reference images to astronomers worldwide. This enables instant access to processed observations for analysis, facilitating research in various scientific disciplines.
Researchers from Case Western Reserve University, Duke and University of Massachusetts created magnetic particles that nudge free-floating human cells to form chains in response to external magnetic fields. These chains may accelerate the creation and growth of tiny blood vessels.
The American Institute of Ultrasound in Medicine (AIUM) has recognized Fred Winsberg, Martin Resnick, and Horace Thompson as pioneers in the field of ultrasound in medicine. Drs. Winsberg and Resnick were renowned experts in radiology and urology, respectively, while Dr. Thompson is considered the
A study found that TV networks spend little time discussing organ donation needs and registration processes, resulting in inadequate coverage of the topic. The researchers analyzed over 1,500 stories and found that only 94% of positive health outcomes for living donors were mentioned.
A study published in PLoS ONE found that people perceive a healthy appearance when looking at faces with more oxygen-rich blood and less pale undertones. Physically fit individuals tend to have healthier-looking skin due to increased blood vessels and higher oxygen levels.
Researchers developed mouse models of human acute myeloid leukemia (AML) that accurately predict response to chemotherapy and identify key genes promoting resistance or sensitivity. These models provide valuable insights into AML's genetic heterogeneity and may help redesign therapy for maximum benefit.
A study found no correlation between hospital safety scores and in-hospital mortality rates, suggesting that self-reported safety practices may not be an effective measure of quality care. The researchers concluded that further research is needed to establish valid methods for assessing adherence to safe practices.
Three prize winners were awarded in the Elsevier Article 2.0 Contest for their creative and useful solutions to render journal articles on the web. Inigo Surguy's application enhanced content navigation, facilitating commentary on specific paragraphs and assertions about article contents.
Jean Spitz, MPH, RDMS, receives the 2009 Distinguished Sonographer Award for her significant contributions to diagnostic ultrasound growth and development. She is recognized for her extensive work as an educator, researcher, and practitioner in obstetric and gynecologic sonography.
A Canadian radio team won the 2009 Walter Sullivan award for their series on climate change in Canada. The team's production, 'Canada 2050: Our Future in a Changing Climate,' was praised for its accessibility and accuracy in conveying complex scientific concepts.
Researchers aim to create a whole-brain circuit map in the mouse brain within two to three years, providing insights into neurodevelopmental illnesses. The project would involve tracing inputs and outputs of each area using standardized protocols and technologically feasible techniques.
A group of influential medical leaders propose curbing conflict of interest by reducing industry funding and eliminating ties. They advocate for a goal of $0 contributions from industry, excepting revenues from journal advertisements and exhibit hall fees.
A study of 65 female commercial sex workers found that remote screening using tampon-based self-collection was easy and preferred over traditional methods. The method proved to be more accurate in detecting gonorrhoea and Chlamydia, with a higher number of cases identified compared to traditional tests.
A new study examines how environmental cues influence consumer behavior, finding that primed goals can sustain for a duration or fade away. Consumers who rate themselves as unfit are more likely to select fitness-enhancing drinks after exposure to relevant words.
Research shows in-clinic therapy and at-home reinforcement are more effective than home-based programs in treating convergence insufficiency, a condition that affects students' performance in school.
A study published in Radiology found that patients who undergo numerous CT scans over their lifetime may be at increased risk for cancer due to cumulative radiation exposure. The study estimated lifetime attributable risk (LAR) of cancer for each patient, based on their CT exposures.
Alfred Kurtz, MD, receives the William J. Fry Memorial Lecture Award for his significant contributions to diagnostic medical ultrasound. Dr. Kurtz has published over 150 peer-reviewed papers and written several books on ultrasound.
Researchers found that women with severe mental illness are more likely to have been abused in childhood than the general population, with a twofold increased risk compared to healthy women. In contrast, no such association was found in men.
Engineers at the University of Texas at Austin have developed a method to disperse chemically modified graphene in a wide variety of organic solvents. This breakthrough enables the use of graphene in various materials and applications, including conductive films, polymer composites, and energy storage devices.
Formerly depressed women show different brain activity when exposed to criticism from their mothers, even if they report being fully recovered. They exhibit increased activity in the amygdala and reduced activity in emotion regulation areas compared to healthy controls.
A University of Missouri professor's study reveals that older women's intentions to ensure accessibility to their homes can override concerns about preventing intrusions. To feel safe, older women need to recognize safety risks and perceive their capabilities in preventing intrusions.
A blood test can predict the seriousness of a head injury and detect the status of the blood-brain barrier, offering a simpler and faster alternative to CT scans. The test, known as S-100B, has shown accuracy in predicting traumatic abnormalities and could lead to a 30% reduction in unnecessary CT scans.
Former ICU patients value continuity of care, information and reassurance after hospital discharge. Many feel abandoned without access to follow-up services, highlighting the need for consistency in provision across the UK.
Scientists have discovered that amniotic fluid contains a new source of stem cells with potential therapeutic applications. These cells, known as AFKL cells, can generate all blood cell lineages in experiments and exhibit self-renewal capabilities, similar to other stem cells.
Early human fossils found in 500-million-year-old rocks show that ancient pioneers may have carried shells on their backs to breathe, providing insights into how they adapted to life on land. Researchers also discovered large perturbations of the carbon and sulfur cycle accompanying a mass extinction event in South China and linked vol...
A study found that brightly colored uniforms improved perceptions of hospital nurses among children and parents, with 96% of children using positive words to describe the nurses. The new uniforms also increased parent confidence and ratings for nurse performance, but had a limited impact on hospital perception.
Lawrence Platt and Ernest Feleppa receive top awards for their contributions to medical ultrasound, with Platt recognized for clinical science and Feleppa for basic science research, both funded by the National Institutes of Health.
Researchers created a 3D nanofluidic device using grayscale photolithography to separate nanoparticles by size and analyze DNA behavior. The device demonstrates versatility in manipulating rigid nanoparticles and deforming flexible DNA strands.
Researchers at Medical College of Georgia developed novel assays to measure corin and active ANP levels in patients with heart failure. Low corin levels may indicate heart failure or those at risk for the condition.
Future rocket launches will lead to significant ozone layer depletion if unregulated, potentially exceeding losses from chlorofluorocarbons. The study estimates that rocket emissions could result in more ozone destruction than CFCs by 2050.
A potential new HIV drug, D-1mT, shows promise in reducing viral loads in monkeys with simian immunodeficiency virus when used alongside Anti-Retroviral Therapy. The researchers hope this finding could lead to a new treatment for patients not responding to current treatments.
A recent study reveals that disinfection by-products (DBPs) in water are toxic and genotoxic, causing DNA damage. DBPs from iodine-containing compounds and nitrogen-containing compounds are more toxic than regulated ones.
Researchers at University of Warwick have developed a groundbreaking new loudspeaker technology that delivers planar directional sound waves, projecting further than conventional speakers. The 'Flat, Flexible Loudspeaker' (FFL) is lightweight, inexpensive to manufacture and can be concealed inside ceiling tiles or car interiors.
Researchers at the University of Illinois have identified IDO as a molecular switch that induces depressive symptoms in some cases of chronic inflammation. The study found that mice exposed to BCG, a vaccine used to prevent tuberculosis, exhibited depressive-like behaviors that could be reversed with antidepressants.
A new study examines how restaurants providing nutritional data influences consumer food choices and reveals that this practice can help people make healthier decisions. The research shows that when consumers' expectations are not met, providing nutrition information increases the perceived likelihood of weight gain and heart disease.
Researchers found that repeated exposure to similar temptations can enhance self-control, while a single tempting experience can wear down resistance. The studies showed that participants who had previously faced similar options performed better in subsequent decisions.
African-Americans with Pro72 protein variant have double the risk of dying from advanced colon cancer compared to whites. The discovery sheds light on racial disparities in cancer and offers new insights into personalized cancer therapies.
Engineers create method for stamping multiple graphene sheets onto substrate in precise locations, enabling mass production of smaller, faster electronics. The technique holds promise for delivering quantum mechanical effects and enabling new kinds of electronics.
Dr. Anthony Fauci, director of NIAID, receives IADR Honorary Membership for his significant contributions to dental research. The award recognizes his commitment to improving oral health worldwide.
Despite exercising for three months, octogenarian women failed to increase muscle mass, but showed improved efficiency in activating and synchronizing their muscles. The study suggests that it's essential to build as much muscle mass as possible earlier in life to ensure more strength in later years.
A recent review of published articles suggests bed bug bites are unlikely to transmit disease, but may cause skin reactions. Effective treatments for symptomatic bed bug bites have not been established, and eradication is complicated by insecticide resistance.
Consumers who focus on long-term goals exert self-control and resist unhealthy urges, even when faced with repeated challenges. Long-term goal-focused individuals linked health tasks to important goals, boosting self-control and reducing the impact of fatigue.
Researchers found that backcasters, who imagine future feelings and consider event information, predict more extreme emotions than forecasters. This approach could benefit marketers by changing consumers' expectations about their feelings after an event.
A study by Cedric Herring found that companies with a diverse workforce reported significantly higher sales revenue, customer numbers, and profitability. The research analyzed data from the National Organizations Survey and found that racial diversity was a key predictor of business outcomes.
Researchers at Duke University have developed an approach using magnetism to manipulate human cells, forming chains that can promote the growth of blood vessels. The iron-containing nanoparticles used by the researchers are suspended within a liquid known as a ferrofluid, allowing them to readily manipulate the chain formation.
A study by Joseph P. Redden and Stephen J. Hoch found that variety in optical illusions leads to underestimation of quantity, causing individuals to pour more when faced with a mix of items. This perception affects food portions and may contribute to overeating.
Astrocytes, supportive brain cells, produce inflammatory mediators in response to viral infection. The study provides new insights into the complex mechanisms of inflammation and has significant implications for diagnosis and treatment of brain infections.
A study published in Journal of Intensive Care Medicine found that patients who received coronary angiography after cardiac arrest were twice as likely to survive without significant brain damage. Coronary angiography, an imaging procedure that shows blood flow through the heart, was independently associated with good neurologic outcomes.
A Virginia Tech and Wake Forest University study found that altering taste and smell can negatively impact cancer patients' survival chances. Researchers identified management strategies to improve taste and odor abnormalities in cancer patients.
African Americans are disproportionately affected by AIDS, yet few are pursuing HIV/AIDS research due to historical, social, and other factors. Recommendations from UCLA researchers aim to reverse the trend by supporting partnerships, retraining, mentorship, and culturally congruent research.
A Seattle-based study published in JAMA found that providing stable housing to homeless alcoholics can reduce their drinking and cost taxpayers $4 million over the first year. The Housing First program resulted in an average cost-savings of 53% compared to a wait-list control group.
Dr. Margarita Saenz, a Medical Genetics Fellow, has been awarded the Genzyme/American College of Medical Genetics Foundation Clinical Genetics Fellowship in Biochemical Genetics. This fellowship supports clinicians in biochemical genetics and diagnosis of metabolic diseases.
Researchers successfully trained patients with severe visual impairments after a stroke to regain some vision through intensive computer exercises. By building on existing 'blindsight,' the brain's healthy regions were stimulated to take on tasks normally handled by damaged areas.
A study published in the Journal of Leukocyte Biology found that bacterial remnants and genetics contribute to arthritis. The NOD2 gene is activated by muramyl dipeptide, leading to inflammation and disease progression. Researchers hope to find treatments that can either eliminate or mask this inflammatory signal.