Articles tagged with Dendrites
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a molecule on immune cells that plays a critical role in the sexual transmission of HIV. Blocking this molecule could prevent HIV from spreading infection, potentially reducing its ability to infect new individuals.
Researchers are developing a vaccine using dendritic cells to boost the immune system against lung cancer recurrence. The study enrolls patients for two years, with promising previous results, aiming to treat 30 new patients.
A new study from Georgia Tech and Emory University suggests that the body's response to a combination device may be different and potentially detrimental when multiple components are involved. This can lead to an enhanced immune response, making it more difficult for the device to integrate smoothly into the patient.
Cancer researchers have developed a new method to delay dendritic cell activation, extending the time when immune cells can detect and attack cancer. By using a drug that links molecules, the approach prolongs the activity of dendritic cells, which are key to cancer vaccines.
Researchers found an extensive system of dendritic cells throughout the intestinal tract that take up bacteria and other antigens. This discovery could lead to a better understanding of conditions like Crohn's Disease and ulcerative colitis, as well as the development of new vaccines.
A study by researchers at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center found that exposure to methylisothiazolinone (MIT), a common ingredient in shampoos and personal care products, can restrict the growth of axons and dendrites of immature rat nerve cells. This may have potentially damaging consequences for human development.
Researchers have successfully grown the mouse norovirus MNV-1 in cells from mice with defective immune systems. This breakthrough enables scientists to study the virus and may lead to the development of a vaccine target, as it has already revealed an essential part of the capsid protein crucial for disease-causing ability.
Researchers have discovered that tiny exosomes extracted from donor cells can capture recipient immune cells, promoting transplant tolerance by delivering antigen. This approach may provide a promising alternative to traditional immunosuppression therapies.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have discovered a mechanism by which brain tumors can evade the immune system, leading to impaired cellular immunity in patients with glioma. By blocking COX-2 expression, the study found that tumor-killing T cell responses can be restored, offering new potential treatments for brain tumors.
A UCI study found that increased CRH can inhibit normal brain-cell development, leading to poor dendrite growth. The researchers believe this may be related to autism, depression, and dementia, and may have potential preventive treatments.
In a breakthrough study, researchers found that dendritic cells, a type of immune cell, can be co-opted by tumors to promote angiogenesis and tumor growth. The study suggests a new approach to fighting solid tumors by targeting the interaction between angiogenesis and the immune response.
The study found that increasing PPAR-gamma activity in dendritic cells can activate NKT cells specifically, which may slow down the process of type 1 diabetes. Researchers believe that modulating CD1d expression and NKT cell activation could provide insight into how to combat autoimmunity.
Researchers at Mayo Clinic used a human antibody to stimulate dendritic cells and induce an immune response against malignant melanoma. The study showed that the antibody treatment resulted in consistently strong and often curative effects in mice, with 69% of treated mice being tumor-free.
Researchers at the University of Southern California challenge the 'arithmetic' neurons use to process information, finding that summation depends on input location. The study reveals a two-layer model of processing, with local thresholds in separate branches and linear summation at the cell body.
Researchers at Rockefeller University have discovered that dendritic cells can stimulate the growth of suppressor T cells, which turn off the immune response and rescue islet cells from destruction. This breakthrough could lead to a prevention of Type 1 diabetes in humans.
Researchers found that cross-priming, a key mechanism in T-cell activation, is directly correlated with the levels of whole proteins expressed by virus-infected cells. This new information could lead to the development of vaccines effective against infectious diseases such as HIV/AIDS and malaria.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a new approach to boost the immune response against gliomas, a type of brain tumor. By targeting the interleukin 10 gene in dendritic cells, they can increase the production of IL-12, leading to a stronger Th1 response and enhanced immune response against cancer cells.
Researchers found that liver dendritic cells express less TLR-4, a molecule that triggers immune activation, due to the constant exposure to LPS from gut bacteria. This mechanism may contribute to the liver's inherent tolerogenic potential and lower rejection rates in transplant patients.
Researchers have discovered that insect-derived antimicrobial peptides, such as pyrrhocoricin, can penetrate human dendritic cells and fibroblasts, potentially leading to new vaccine and immune therapies. The peptides are being explored as drug-delivery vehicles for peptide or peptide-based drugs that normally cannot cross cell membranes.
Researchers equipped dendritic cells with genetic material from patient's tumor and PAMPs to break T-cell tolerance, enabling activation of immune system. This approach merges strengths of viral vaccines with ease of using patient's own immune system.
The Mayo Clinic's new biofusion technology targets cancer tumor cells by exploiting the natural tendency of fused cells to kill each other. This approach also promotes immune responses and repairs damaged tissues, offering a promising platform for anticancer treatment and vaccine delivery.
Researchers identified cypin, a protein in the brain that regulates nerve cell branching, and found it increases dendrite growth enhancing communication. The discovery opens up new avenues for treating serious neurological disorders by designing targeted drug therapies.
Researchers developed gene therapy using dendritic cells pulsed with TRAIL to inhibit collagen-induced arthritis. The treatment reduced T cell infiltration and inflammation, suggesting a safe and effective method for inhibiting arthritis development.
Researchers at Medical College of Georgia discover a molecule, HLA-G, that helps keep immune cells immature and tolerant during pregnancy. This mechanism may be replicated to preserve transplanted organs and reduce rejection rates.
Researchers found that intestinal bacteria in the terminal ileum activate p40 expression, leading to chronic inflammation and predisposing this region to Crohn's disease. The study provides a molecular explanation for why Crohn's disease often affects the small intestine.
Researchers used a gene gun to target dendritic cells, the 'security cameras' of the immune system, and found that their number is 100 times higher than previously thought. This discovery could lead to more efficient vaccine development using abundant, long-lived dendritic cells.
Researchers have identified a small subset of dendritic cells that can suppress T-cell responses, potentially treating tumors and autoimmune diseases. Experimental immunosuppressive agents are being explored for their ability to target this subset, offering new hope for patients with transplanted organs and autoimmune conditions.
Researchers at Emory University discovered a novel mechanism of how anthrax disables the immune response by compromising dendritic cell function. The study found that the lethal factor (LF) disrupts mitogen-activated protein kinase enzymes in dendritic cells, leading to lethargy and preventing the activation of the immune system.
Researchers found a higher incidence of beneficial dendritic cells in weaned and nearly weaned liver transplant patients, compared to those on daily doses of anti-rejection drugs. This cellular profile is similar to that of healthy non-transplant patients, suggesting a possible test for predicting successful weaning.
Researchers documented how HIV enters human T cells, where it multiplies and subverts the immune system, using time-lapse microscopy. The study reveals that HIV exploits the dendritic cell's special relationship with T cells to gain entry and launch its assault.
Scientists at Johns Hopkins Medicine have developed a new technique for creating targeted, antigen-specific immune cells in the lab. The method uses artificial antigen-presenting cells (aAPCs) to convert generic immune cells into effective disease-fighters.
Researchers at Cedars-Sinai Medical Center have developed a novel approach that turns on the immune system to attack brain tumor cells, potentially extending survival in patients with highly aggressive gliomas. The therapy uses dendritic cells to recognize and target dying tumor cells, triggering an immune response.
Researchers have developed a model that may mimic how cells assemble themselves to form large-scale supramolecular structures. The technique uses tree-like organic molecules to create spheres with complex lattices, potentially paving the way for photonics applications.
Rapamycin's impact on dendritic cells suggests potential therapeutic strategies for autoimmune diseases and cancer. The drug may also promote tolerance of transplanted organs.
Researchers used a new microscope technique to study how experiences rewire the brain. They found that synapses and spines on dendrites formed and disappeared daily, with some persisting for months.
Dendritic cells may play a key role in accepting transplanted organs, and researchers are exploring a cell-based strategy to induce tolerance. Studies in nonhuman primates suggest that certain types of dendritic cells can regulate the immune response and prevent rejection.
A new genetically engineered mouse model shows how pieces of captured germs are carried to the surface of dendritic cells via long tubules. This process improves the efficiency of the immune response by alerting T cells to kill invading germs.
Pittsburgh researchers report a new clinical approach that radically reduces and eventually weans patients off all immunosuppression after small intestine transplants. Results show many patients can take minimal doses of a single anti-rejection drug, with some remaining drug-free for up to 38 years.
Researchers have developed a potential treatment for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) by using CpG oligodeoxynucleotides to stimulate the immune system. Studies on mice infected with scrapie prions showed improved survival times, suggesting a possible therapeutic approach for human CJD patients.
Researchers use new microscopy techniques to observe immune cell behavior in living tissues, revealing prolonged contact between T cells and dendritic cells. This study paves the way for future work on T-cell activation and provides a new glimpse into key steps in early immune responses.
A new type of dendritic cell has been found to prevent diabetes in mice by causing T cells to die rapidly. In a study, researchers treated mice with this special dendritic cell and found that half remained diabetes-free at one year.
Prostate cancer tumors produce factors that inhibit dendritic cell growth and induce apoptosis, explaining immunological non-responsiveness in advanced patients. Stimulating dendritic cell growth is a promising area for future prostate cancer therapies.
Scientists have measured the constants describing self-assembly in the creation of a supramolecular assembly that can potentially important to the processing of many novel materials. Pseudorotaxanes are chemical compounds containing non-covalent linkages, and researchers have explored their possibilities and applications.
A University of Pittsburgh Medical Center study reveals that the protein cdc42 plays a crucial role in suppressing dendritic cell activity in cancer. The findings provide a new direction for therapeutic molecular immunopathology and may lead to the development of highly efficient vaccines for cancer therapy.
Scientists have identified specific cells called dendritic cells that produce massive quantities of interferon quickly after a virus appears, providing a rapid response to infections. This discovery may lead to new medical applications for interferon and shed light on the body's innate immune response.
Dr. Pandelakis Koni has developed an animal model to study autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes, by selectively stopping the immune response. The mouse model allows researchers to understand how dendritic cells trigger the immune system and develop strategies to prevent autoimmunity.
Scientists have identified ILT3 and ILT4, a key pair of molecules that function as a brake for the immune response. Increasing their activity on dendritic cells may create tolerance to foreign tissues, while decreasing it can enhance the immune response against malignant cells.
Researchers found that abnormal alpha-interferon secretion in lupus patients leads to hyperactivation of dendritic cells, causing the immune system to attack healthy cells. This abnormal reaction can result in chronic inflammation affecting various organs, including the skin, kidneys, and joints.
A new study found that activating immune system cells called iNKT cells can protect mice from developing diabetes. The researchers discovered that increasing the production of these cells could be a basis for preventive treatments for people with a genetic risk of diabetes.
This study provides evidence for pathogen-specific gene responses in dendritic cells, offering insights into the tailored immune defense mechanism. The research uses DNA array technology to investigate how dendritic cells discriminate between pathogens and activates specific genes to initiate an immune response.
Researchers at University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine have discovered a pattern to protein manufacture in the hippocampus, which may help explain how memories are stored. The study found that protein synthesis in dendrites is exponentially faster than in the cell body, with specific patterns emerging.
A new study proposes that helper T cells serve as a critical switch for killer T cell activation and tolerance. The researchers found that the presence or absence of these helper T cells determines whether killer T cells will attack or retreat from virus-infected and cancerous cells.