Articles tagged with Dendrites
A study found that inactivating a specific gene in adult neural stem cells causes nerve cells to form connections in the wrong part of the brain. The research suggests that cdk5, a protein necessary for correct neuron development, is essential for accurate maturation of newborn granule cells.
Researchers at the Salk Institute found that a protein called cdk5 is necessary for correct neural migration and dendritic pathfinding in adult brains. Disabling cdk5 made newborn neurons form connections in the wrong part of the brain, with inappropriate synaptic connections persisting for months after treatment.
Scientists have discovered that a protein banished from mature axons allows them to transform into dendrites. This process could occur after nerve cell damage, raising possibilities for the reverse transformation.
Researchers discovered how a virus suppresses the immune system in mice, allowing it to persist and cause disease. The study's findings could lead to new treatments for immunosuppressive diseases like HIV and measles by targeting the interferon response.
A protein called GluR1 enables nerve cells to communicate, promoting dendrite growth and connection formation. Research suggests that manipulating this protein's activity could enhance communication among neurons, improving motor function in patients with spinal cord or nerve injuries.
Scientists have detected previously unnoticed chemical signals that individual cells in the immune system use to communicate with each other over short distances. The new technology, called a multi-trap nanophysiometer, has enabled the accidental discovery of paracrine signaling.
Researchers at the University of Montreal and Argos Therapeutics have developed a novel method to create personalized immunotherapy treatments for HIV. The treatment uses dendritic cell-based therapies that stimulate the expansion of HIV-specific T cells, which attack and kill infected cells.
Researchers discovered how suckling babies stimulate the release of oxytocin, a hormone linked to trust and love. The study found that dendrites play a crucial role in coordinating oxytocin production, leading to synchronized bursts of activity.
A team of researchers found that the 'trust' hormone oxytocin is released from dendrites in response to suckling, triggering a positive-feedback loop that coordinates intense bursts of release. This discovery sheds light on how mothers form strong bonds with their infants.
Researchers found a correlation between the intensity of a patient's immune response and clinical outcomes in brain cancer patients. The study showed that stronger immune responses were associated with longer survival times and improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers have identified a crucial protein that transports signals within neurons, shedding light on Fragile X Syndrome's impact on brain development and communication. This breakthrough could lead to the development of innovative treatments for FXS, autism, and epilepsy.
A new vaccine approach using microspheres has prevented and reversed new-onset cases of type 1 diabetes in animal models. The microspheres, developed by the Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, reprogram dendritic cells to block the immune system's attack on insulin-producing beta cells.
Researchers identify nonsignaling glial cells as a guiding scaffold for synapse formation in the developing brain. The discovery sheds light on neural network formation and may hold clues to understanding disorders like autism.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have identified dendritic cells carrying insulin fragments as a key player in the development of type 1 diabetes. The discovery sheds light on how an immune system attack can destroy the islets of Langerhans, leading to insulin deficiency and the disease.
A University of Pittsburgh School Medicine study identified a key molecule, c-Kit, that plays a central role in the allergic response. Targeting this element could lead to more effective drugs for treating asthma and allergies.
Researchers have identified a class of retinal cells called JAM-B cells that play a crucial role in detecting upward motion. These cells have a distinct physical arrangement of their dendrites, which is crucial for their function.
Researchers at USC have identified A20 as an antigen presentation attenuator that prevents excessive inflammation of dendritic cells. By inhibiting A20, they found a new way to overcome regulatory T cell-mediated suppression and trigger strong antitumor immunity.
Researchers create devices called glycodendrons to inhibit HIV transport and stimulate immune response against the virus. The approach targets a specific carbohydrate structure on the viral surface, mimicking an antibody that protects against HIV progression.
Researchers discovered a key connection between signaling pathways and the immune response leading to severe sepsis. Disrupting this cross-talk rescued mice from death due to sepsis, suggesting potential therapeutic intervention. The study provides new insights into sepsis syndrome and its treatment.
The study mapped thousands of neuronal proteins to understand how they connect into complex signaling networks guiding neuron function. This research may lead to a better understanding of brain development, neurodegenerative diseases, and spinal cord regeneration.
Researchers at UCLA have identified a key protein in dendritic cells that can stop HIV from 'budding', a crucial step in its life cycle. DC-SIGN and DC-SIGNR demonstrated strong inhibition of viral production, rendering released particles uninfectious.
Researchers at MIT have identified a family of proteins essential for the formation of communication networks in the brain. The discovery could lead to therapies involving stimulation of neurite growth, repairing spinal column injuries or treating brain injuries or neurodegenerative disorders.
Dendritic cells help trigger angiogenesis in a mouse model of endometriosis, promoting the growth of tumors and lesions. Targeting dendritic cells may prove to be a promising strategy for treating conditions dependent on angiogenesis.
A human peptide called LL37, normally used as a natural antibiotic, can bind to the body's own DNA and trigger an immune response. This may drive autoimmunity in psoriasis and other autoimmune diseases.
Researchers are focusing on preventing further brain damage after a stroke, targeting the penumbra region where blood flow is reduced by 60%. They hope to restore normal electrical activity in neurons and promote recovery. Dr. Sergei Kirov's study uses real-time microscopical imaging and pharmaceuticals to stop anoxic depolarization.
Researchers have identified a well-known cell receptor that sends a 'nondanger' signal to dampen the immune system. This discovery raises the possibility of targeting this receptor to prevent overzealous immune responses in transplant patients and alleviate symptoms of autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis.
A new study reveals that homing pigeons have a complex three-dimensional pattern in the sensory dendrites of their beak skin that reacts to the Earth's magnetic field vector. This allows them to identify their geographical position without relying on visual cues.
The brain's information processing is more chaotic than previously thought, with neurons releasing chemical messengers along their entire length. This challenges traditional understanding of neuronal communication and may lead to new medical drug development.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have discovered a 'super' form of the enzyme Akt1 that can extend the lives of dendritic cells, the master switches of the immune system. This enhances the immune response against tumors by expanding T-cells, which attack cancer cells.
Researchers at UCSF discover spineless gene's role in controlling dendritic branching patterns in fruit fly neurons. The findings suggest the gene may convert primordial patterns for different neuron types, potentially contributing to neurological disorders like autism.
Researchers have combined two therapies to enhance the immune system's response against brain tumors. The treatment, called dendritic cell-interleukin-23, promotes the function of dendritic cells and memory T-cells, providing initial and long-term immunity.
Scientists at Harvard University have developed nanowire arrays that can detect, stimulate, and inhibit nerve signals along individual axons and dendrites of live mammalian neurons. This breakthrough technology has the potential to revolutionize our understanding of brain activity and signal propagation in neuronal networks.
University of Pittsburgh researchers have developed a novel therapeutic vaccine that activates killer T cells to target HIV, offering new hope for treatment. The vaccine uses dendritic cells modified with specific molecules to stimulate the immune system's response.
Researchers found transcription factor Elk-1 localized in dendrites of neurons, affecting cell viability. Overexpressing Elk-1 decreased cell viability, while knocking down expression increased neuron survival.
Researchers have developed a new vaccine approach using lentivirus that induces a more potent and long-lasting immune response compared to other viral vectors. The approach targets skin dendritic cells, which play a crucial role in recognizing foreign bodies and triggering an immune response.
The malaria parasite affects antigen-presenting dendritic cells in mice, reducing their ability to activate helper T cells and produce cytokines. This impairment leads to the failure of B-cell activation and antibody production, compromising the immune system's response to infection.
The APS lecturer's videos provided a real-time look at immune cell interactions in a mouse lymph node, highlighting how dendritic cells teach T cells to respond to infections. The research focuses on leukocyte recruitment and trafficking, particularly in the lymph nodes.
A UC Davis study with mice found that even low levels of thimerosal can alter dendritic cell function and lead to abnormal immune responses. The study's findings suggest a link between thimerosal exposure and immune system dysfunction, potentially shedding light on the immunotoxic effects of this common preservative.
A newly identified cell, dubbed IKDC, has been found to fight cancer by combining the abilities of natural killer (NK) and dendritic cells. This hybrid cell speeds up immune reactions and makes the system more efficient.
Defective apoptosis in dendritic cells can lead to autoimmune diseases such as juvenile diabetes and lupus. Research suggests that unchecked dendritic cell activity or overactivation can trigger the immune system's attack on body tissues.
Researchers have discovered a novel strategy for enhancing HIV vaccination by silencing the SOCS1 molecule in dendritic cells, which can induce a good memory immune response and boost the potency of HIV DNA vaccination. This approach has potential for therapeutic and prophylactic vaccines against HIV and other pathogens.
Researchers have found evidence of neuron growth in adult brains, particularly in dendrites, which could lead to new treatments for diseases like paralysis. The study's findings suggest that using neurons can stimulate growth, providing a potential approach to enhancing brain plasticity and improving functional outcomes.
Scientists have found that Golgi outposts, previously thought to play only a central role, are actually distributed throughout the length of growing dendrites. This discovery sheds light on how neurons sort proteins and regulate their growth, with implications for understanding brain development and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers use two-photon laser-scanning microscopy to observe the interaction between immune cells and dendritic cells in a diabetic mouse model. The study reveals that the interaction between T regulatory cells and dendritic cells is key to preventing autoimmune attacks, providing new potential targets for therapy.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have identified a new therapeutic target for drugs to treat multiple sclerosis (MS) and other autoimmune diseases. By targeting dendritic cells, the researchers hope to stop faulty immune responses at an upstream level.
A new technique successfully tracks the location of injected cells in cancer patients using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and iron oxide particles. The study showed that injection accuracy is critical, but not perfect, and that MRI provides an accurate way to track cells' final resting place.
Researchers at NYU Langone Health and University of California, Berkeley, have observed the exchange of information between immune cells that sparks a body-wide response to infection. The study reveals how T cells analyze and react to signals of infection at the immunological synapse.
Researchers have identified a key role for dendritic cells in the development of childhood autoimmune disease, offering a new strategy for designing more effective treatments. The study found that dendritic cells mature and migrate to muscle tissue in response to an unknown trigger, highlighting a potential target for intervention.
Researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine discovered that RNA splicing occurs in nerve-cell dendrites, which could relate to memory and learning. The discovery may also help understand cognitive dysfunction and neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have discovered that inflammation in the brain can cause toxic nerve impulses that inflict injury on neurons and disrupt function. Chemical preconditioning, induced by small amounts of stress, may be able to prevent this damage and preserve neurologic function, offering a new path for treating neurodegenerative diseases.
Researchers have created an animal model of an immunotherapy approach that uses tumor cells and 'danger' signals to stimulate tumor immunity. The discovery enables further understanding and development of the approach, which has shown promising results in cancer patients.
Scientists have discovered that ion channels in dendritic membranes change during simulated learning tasks, requiring rapid protein synthesis. This finding supports the idea that learning involves changes in dendrites, which could lead to advances in understanding conditions like epilepsy and age-related memory loss.
Researchers identify a key pathway for targeting pDC function in HIV vaccine development. A decrease in blood pDC frequency is observed in chronic HIV infections, correlating with high viral load and reduced CD4 counts.
Hassall's corpuscles produce chemical signals that instruct dendritic cells to develop regulatory T cells, which patrol the body for 'bad' T cells. This discovery opens new avenues for exploring regulatory T cells in autoimmune disease and cancer.
Scientists at Vanderbilt University Medical Center discovered compounds secreted by frog skin can selectively kill HIV without harming T cells. The findings hold promise for developing new treatments and vaccines against the virus.
Scientists have found tunneling nanotubules that enable immune cells to relay molecular messages, allowing them to coordinate responses to pathogens. The discovery could reveal new insights into the local inflammatory response and potential therapeutic strategies.
The study reveals that CD32a induces DC maturation, while CD32b inhibits it. This balance is crucial for generating immunity or tolerance. The findings also suggest a mechanism for intravenous immune globulin's anti-inflammatory properties.
Researchers at Rutgers University have identified the protein snapin as having therapy potential for autism by modulating dendrite patterning. Snapin's interaction with cypin regulates branching, and targeting this pathway could lead to new drugs.
Researchers at UCLA have discovered a molecule on immune cells that plays a critical role in the sexual transmission of HIV. Blocking this molecule could prevent HIV from spreading infection, potentially reducing its ability to infect new individuals.
Researchers are developing a vaccine using dendritic cells to boost the immune system against lung cancer recurrence. The study enrolls patients for two years, with promising previous results, aiming to treat 30 new patients.