Articles tagged with Dendrites
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Researchers at Northwestern University discovered that activity in dendrites is crucial for storing memories, contradicting current thought that cell body and dendrites serve the same function. The study used high-resolution microscopy to image individual neurons in a living animal navigating a virtual reality maze.
Researchers identified alpha-glycosylceramides as the activating molecules for natural killer T (NKT) cells, a crucial subset of immune cells. The discovery reveals a surprising link between mammalian immune systems and bacterial communication systems.
Scientists engineered a mouse model equipped with the CRISPR-Cas9 system to study disease mechanisms and inform drug discovery. The model allows researchers to easily perturb multiple genes in vivo, enabling rapid screening of gene functions implicated in diseases.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new two-step strategy for weakening cancer by harnessing the power of the immune system. The study found that alternating cycles of radiation or chemotherapy with immune-boosting treatments can alter the balance between cancer and the immune system, ultimately bringing the cancer to a wea...
Researchers at the University of Bonn discovered a previously unknown nerve cell shape that allows signals to be transmitted directly from dendrites to axons, bypassing the cell body. This unique structure facilitates faster and more efficient communication between neurons.
Researchers found that plasmacytoid dendritic cells trigger early psoriasis, while Langerhans cells help regulate the immune response. Modulating dendritic cell composition may lead to new psoriasis treatments.
Researchers at UCSB's Neuroscience Research Institute found a remarkable degree of variation in cell number across 30 genetically distinct lines of mice for 12 different retinal cell types. The variation was largely independent of one another, with few significant correlations between the cell types.
Researchers found that even uninfected cells can trigger immune defenses against TB by transferring immune-stimulating proteins from infected dendritic cells. This discovery could lead to more effective vaccines, including the BCG vaccine for TB, which works on a similar principle.
Researchers discovered a comprehensive catalogue of proteins manufactured in specific parts of Purkinje neurons using cutting-edge methods TRAP and CAGEscan. This finding holds key to understanding molecular events and potential insights into diseases associated with Purkinje cells.
Celldex Therapeutics' Phase 1 study of CDX-1401 demonstrates robust antibody and T cell responses, with evidence of clinical benefit in patients with very advanced cancers. The vaccine induces durable humoral and cellular immunity, with stable disease observed in a significant proportion of patients.
Scientists have discovered a molecule that can induce cell death (apoptosis) in dendritic cells, a key type of immune cell. This understanding may lead to new therapies that shut down dendritic cell activity and reduce an immune reaction.
Researchers have developed a new technique using DNA vaccines to stimulate the immune system's response against HIV and Hepatitis C viruses. The technique, which has shown promising results in pre-clinical research, involves delivering a vaccination directly into the skin using a micro-needle device.
Researchers at Scripps Research Institute found a gene called stumble that helps detect leg-joint angles in fruit flies, similar to human nerve cells. This discovery could improve understanding and treatment of balance and limb movement disorders.
A Mount Sinai study reveals that GM-CSF protein production is critical for maintaining immune tolerance in the gut, and its deficiency may lead to increased susceptibility to inflammatory bowel diseases. The research suggests that targeting the GM-CSF axis could be a promising strategy for developing effective treatments for IBD.
A novel approach to long-term tolerance in organ transplantation has been described by REGiMMUNE Corporation. The approach uses activated invariant natural killer T cells with costimulatory blockade to induce mixed chimerism, resulting in donor-specific tolerance.
A protein in Drosophila controls the metamorphosis of dendrites, thin structures that receive electrical impulses. The discovery could help treat brain injuries by allowing neurons to regrow new dendrites and function better after injury.
A Phase I clinical trial is underway to evaluate the safety and dosing of a personalized vaccine targeting cancer stem cells in patients with recurrent glioblastoma multiforme. The vaccine aims to boost the immune system's ability to recognize and destroy cancer cells, potentially leading to improved treatment outcomes.
Researchers used laboratory experiments to test a model of microtubule steering, finding that kinesin motors can redirect microtubule ends into branches using crowd-sourced guidance from protein EB1. The study suggests this mechanism is a general strategy for organizing and maintaining proper microtubule polarity in cells.
Scientists have found a way to regrow dendrites, the branch-like structures of neurons that receive information from the brain, independently of axon regeneration. This discovery has significant implications for treating conditions like stroke, where damaged dendrites can only be repaired if blood loss is brief.
Scientists at Emory Vaccine Center identified a key immune cell response to yellow fever vaccine that involves the gene GCN2, which regulates autophagy in cells. This finding could lead to more effective vaccines against challenging viruses like HIV or dengue.
Researchers uncover how HIV-1 evades detection by the immune system and triggers protective responses against HIV-2 infection. Modifying the virus to be recognized by the immune system could lead to effective vaccines.
Researchers at RIKEN Brain Science Institute have discovered a protein called BTBD3 that optimizes neuronal shape for efficient sensory input reception. This finding sheds light on how brain cells are positioned to receive incoming sensory information, enabling highly developed senses in animals.
Researchers found that brain dendrites process information and multiply the brain's computing power. They used patch-clamp electrophysiology to demonstrate this, seeing bursts of spikes in dendrites while other parts of the neuron did not.
Researchers found that brain dendrites actively process information, multiplying the brain's computing power. Dendritic spikes are selectively generated depending on visual stimuli, indicating local processing within dendrites. This discovery has exciting implications for understanding neurological disorders and brain circuitry.
Researchers have discovered that single neuronal dendrites can perform computations, producing specific electrical signals in response to visual stimulation. This finding challenges the long-held assumption that computation occurs only with large numbers of neurons working together.
Acute dendritic cell leukaemia has a poor prognosis due to its rarity and difficulty in treatment. Researchers sequenced the exome of three patients and found mutations in epigenetic genes, which could lead to new therapeutic approaches.
Scientists at Albert Einstein College of Medicine have identified a previously unstudied gene crucial for normal nerve development. The gene, mnr-1, produces an extracellular protein that triggers branching of dendrites in sensory nerves during development.
Scientists have discovered that protein translation in dendrites is complex and dictates by translational hotspots, not solely when RNA is present. This finding may inform neurological and psychiatric illness therapeutics.
Researchers at UCSF have identified a new way to manipulate the immune system that may keep it from attacking the body's own molecules in autoimmune diseases. The study discovered a distinctive type of immune cell called eTAC, which puts a damper on immune responses and prevents autoimmune diabetes in mice.
Researchers found that embryonic nerve cells use two versions of a signaling molecule to determine which end is the axon and which is the dendrite. This discovery could help improve therapies for spinal cord injuries and neurodegenerative diseases.
A team of researchers has discovered a previously unknown mechanism that prevents the immune system from going into overdrive, shedding light on autoimmune diseases, allergies and chronic inflammation. The discovery could lead to new therapeutics for disorders caused by faulty immune responses.
Researchers engineered dendritic cells to recognize protein fragments from cancer-specific antigens, eliciting an immune response that led to partial and complete clinical responses in patients with active disease. The study suggests a promising approach for enhancing immune recognition of melanoma cells.
A study finds a link between prenatal ICP and postnatal obesity in offspring, while another investigation reveals genetic changes in preeclampsia and brain inflammation caused by chronic cannabis use. These findings may have implications for understanding and treating metabolic diseases and pregnancy complications.
Researchers at University of Michigan discover that a single gene, DLK, regulates both axon and dendrite growth in neurons. The finding highlights the importance of considering the bimodal nature of neurons when developing new treatments for regeneration of nerve cells.
Scientists at UTMB discovered that Ebola short-circuits the immune system using proteins that shut down cellular signaling related to interferon, preventing dendritic cell maturation and generating an ineffective adaptive immune response. The researchers found that specific regions of two different proteins are crucial for this mechanism.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute discover that type 1 interferon proteins initiate persistent infections and limit antiviral immune responses in mice. Blocking interferon receptors earlier restores antiviral immunity and virus clearance.
A two-step personalized immunotherapy treatment using dendritic cell vaccine and adoptive T cell therapy has triggered anti-tumor immune responses in patients with late-stage ovarian cancer. Four of six patients treated responded to the therapy, showing promising early results.
Researchers at Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research discovered that antibodies are essential for dendritic cell maturation, a process critical to the immune response against pathogens. The study highlights the complex interplay between innate and acquired immunity, showing how antibodies facilitate communication between immune cells.
A study led by Columbia University Medical Center researchers found that an important branch of the immune system mounts a surprisingly robust anti-inflammatory T cell response to prevent atherosclerosis progression. Regulatory T cells suppress pro-inflammatory effector T cells and macrophages, reducing disease severity.
Researchers discovered that innate immune cells, particularly dendritic cells, trigger the activation of killer T-lymphocytes targeting pancreatic cells. The study sheds light on new ways to regulate the auto-immune reaction and offers potential therapeutic approaches for preventing Type 1 diabetes.
Researchers from IrsiCaixa have identified a molecule on the surface of dendritic cells that recognizes and binds HIV gangliosides, allowing the virus to be taken up by these cells and transmitted to CD4 T lymphocytes. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments against AIDS.
A team of researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital has discovered that intestinal immune cells collect and process antigens from both the bloodstream and the intestine, inducing the production of T cells that suppress inflammation. This regulatory system is crucial for preventing autoimmune disorders and inflammatory bowel disease.
A molecule called p110delta regulates immune cells to control inflammation, preventing excessive reactions that can damage the organism. Temporarily interfering with p110delta activity could lead to new therapeutic avenues for treating diseases such as cancer, asthma, and multiple sclerosis.
Researchers at DZNE found that inhibitory signals control precise output signals in neurons, enabling targeted patterns for long-term memory storage. This refined system acts like a filter, amplifying synchronous signals and resisting inhibition to ensure specific cell groups are activated.
Research suggests cancer produces negative immune response in dendritic cells, hindering desired responses. Flawed dendritic cells could aid in preventing autoimmune disorders, however.
Researchers capture video footage of protein traffic inside a neuron using bioluminescent proteins, showing proteins are directed to compartments and then stopped. The new imaging technique provides insight into the brain's continuous renovation process.
Researchers found that immune cells called dendritic cells protect against multiple sclerosis by reducing T cell responsiveness and increasing PD-1 receptor expression. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for the disease.
A new experimental immune-based therapy has more than doubled median survival of patients diagnosed with the most aggressive malignant brain tumor. The vaccine targets six antigens involved in glioblastoma cell development and shows promise in attacking cancer stem cells.
Researchers at Newcastle University have identified a new type of white blood cell that activates a killing immune response to external sources, providing a potential target for vaccines. The discovery could lead to the development of targeted immunotherapies against cancer and infections such as Hepatitis B.
A study published in Cell reveals that follicular dendritic cells (FDCs) originate from perivascular precursor cells, which decorate blood vessel walls. This discovery sheds light on the development of lymphoid follicles and has implications for understanding chronic inflammatory conditions and prion infections.
Researchers discovered a large number of unique mRNAs in dendrites and axons, which may be involved in synaptic plasticity and memory formation. The findings suggest that local protein synthesis plays a crucial role in maintaining and modifying the synaptic protein population.
A team of University of Iowa researchers found that a lack of gamma-protocadherin cell adhesion molecules in the cerebral cortex disrupts neural circuitry formation. This discovery may help understand causes of human developmental disorders like autism, mental retardation, and schizophrenia.
New research from UC Davis and Washington State University shows that PCBs disrupt normal brain development by promoting excessive dendrite growth and altering cellular signaling pathways. This may increase the likelihood of autism spectrum disorders in children with a genetic predisposition.
Researchers describe a novel mechanism of HIV-1 spread by dendritic cells, using a molecule called GM3 for attachment and spread. This unique contact between HIV-1 and dendritic cells may offer a new direction for anti-viral therapies, as drugs targeting this interaction could have the benefit of acting on the host.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have discovered how dendritic cells exchange information during their coordinated assault on invading pathogens. The team used a new pH-biosensor to visualize the mechanism behind antigen transfer in the immune system, revealing an active endocytic process.
Researchers have identified a protein on the surface of dendritic cells that recognizes damaged cells, enabling the development of more specific and effective vaccines. This discovery could lead to vaccines that are 100-1000 times less in amount and have fewer side effects.
Researchers identified a protein called NOD2 that triggers the activation of dendritic cells, which deliver critical information about the pathogen to T-cells. The study found this pathway to be potent in fighting leprosy, but inhibited in more serious forms of the disease.
Goblet cells, previously thought to only secrete mucus, have been found to chaperone food antigens in the intestine, connecting them to dendritic cells. This discovery provides new insights into intestinal immunity and potential targets for therapies against inflammatory bowel disease, celiac disease, and food allergies.
Researchers have developed novel dual solidification mechanisms for a ternary Fe47.5Cu47.5Sn5 peritectic-type alloy, enabling the effective synthesis of advanced materials. The mechanisms involve peritectic solidification at moderate undercoolings and macroscopic phase separation at greater undercoolings.
A combination therapy of dendritic cell implants and radiotherapy was found to be effective in inducing tumor-specific immune responses in 52.9% of trial patients with high-risk soft tissue sarcomas. The treatment resulted in dramatic increases in immune T cells in the tumors, leading to significant clinical benefits.