Articles tagged with Dendrites
Scientists discovered fetal immune system establishment as early as 2nd trimester, allowing independent responses and immune tolerance. Dendritic cells expressing Arginase-2 regulate TNFα production, preventing unwanted inflammatory responses.
Chandelier cells, a type of inhibitory interneuron, develop their connections differently than other neurons. Researchers found that only synapses on axon initial segments contain molecules, while the rest appear empty throughout development.
Scientists at The University of Queensland discovered that dendrites in the retina's nerve cells play a critical role in decoding images. The study reveals that dendritic processing enables the retina to convert and refine visual cues into electrical signals.
Scientists at Trinity College Dublin discovered that dendritic cells become better at stimulating T lymphocytes when starved of glucose. This finding opens the door to developing new therapies for debilitating immune-related diseases.
Dendritic cells are crucial for immunity against pathogens and foreign substances. Researchers found that these cells develop from specialized progenitors, not a common progenitor, providing insights into the regulation of human immune responses.
A Drexel University-led study found that Fragile X granules linger in the hippocampus of adult humans, expanding the age range for treatment. The study suggests that therapies targeting both dendrites and axons could be effective in treating symptoms of Fragile X syndrome and potentially other autism-related disorders.
Dendritic cells, which help activate and suppress immune responses, play a key role in maintaining the balance between self and non-self in the gut. The discovery of a signaling molecule, CD40, reveals how this balance can be disrupted, leading to severe colitis, but also highlights the importance of regulatory T-cells in maintaining i...
Researchers discovered that dendrites, a key component of neurons, generate nearly 10 times more electrical spikes than somas, challenging the long-held belief in neural computation. The finding may pave the way for treating neurological disorders and developing brain-like computers.
A recent study published in Immunity reveals how killer cells coordinate with dendritic cells to create an army of immune cells. The research, conducted by the University of Bonn, found that killer cells form a team and trigger chemical signals to recruit other cell types, leading to a coordinated and strong immune response.
Researchers found that Zika virus disrupts interferon signaling in dendritic cells, a crucial step in the immune response. Another antiviral pathway called RIG-I-like receptor signaling remains intact and could be targeted for immunity-boosting therapies.
Researchers have identified two specific dendritic cell groups, cDC1 and cDC2, present in human tumor tissues that stimulate strong anti-tumor immune responses. These cells show promise for developing innovative cancer immunotherapies by vaccinating tumors with the patient's own immune system.
Researchers at Washington University in St. Louis accelerate immune response to tuberculosis in mice by activating dendritic cells, leading to near-sterilizing immunity levels. The study could lead to improved TB vaccines for humans, addressing the variable protection provided by current BCG vaccine.
Kosik's research suggests that dendrites use a relatively small number of RNAs to leverage increased dynamic range, allowing for sparse coding and plasticity. This enables the brain to process incoming information more efficiently and adapt to new experiences.
Researchers characterized dendritic cells across different human organs, revealing constant surface profiles and tissue-specific signals. The study sheds light on the development of new immune therapies and cancer treatments.
A team of scientists has unveiled a novel role for thymic dendritic cells in regulating T cell egress into the bloodstream. This discovery could lead to new treatments for autoimmune diseases and cancer by understanding how the body regulates lymphocyte trafficking.
The latest ASCB celldance videos offer an immersive look at living cells through powerful imaging technologies. The three selected labs showcased their research using innovative storytelling methods, including spoken word and animation. The videos provide a glimpse into the intricate cellular dance of life.
Researchers at TUM have found a new link between IL-6 and pathogenic T cells in multiple sclerosis, shedding light on the disease's mechanisms. The discovery highlights the importance of blocking IL-6 signaling to prevent the formation of pathological cells.
Researchers discover that tolerance is induced only when antigens are acquired and presented to T cells by specialized dendritic cells. Dendritic cells also cause short-term activation of T cells under non-infection conditions, but without long-term effects. This improved understanding may lead to new ways to control the immune response.
Researchers discover a cellular mechanism by which brain deactivates and then gradually reactivates neurons in the temporal association cortex. This discovery challenges the idea that all neurons are present and fully active from birth.
A study published in the American Journal of Pathology reveals that HIV co-infection reduces dendritic cell function, leading to increased tuberculosis risk. The research suggests a new treatment strategy using host-directed therapy to strengthen immune cells.
A recent study published in Nature Communications found that eliminating dendritic cells from transplanted organs can prolong transplant survival by reducing T cell proliferation. This breakthrough could lead to new methods for preventing or treating organ transplant rejection without compromising the patient's immune defenses.
Researchers have optimized optogenetic methods to study neural circuits with single neuron resolution. By confining light stimulation to a defined disc-like shape and using spatially restricted ChR expression, they can unmask synaptic connections from neurons whose cell bodies lie close to the dendrites of the postsynaptic cell. This r...
Dr. Andrea Ferrante is studying the molecular processes governing vaccine efficacy with a $1.6 million grant. Her goal is to create safer and more effective vaccines by understanding the role of dendritic cells in triggering an immune response.
A recent study tracked developing cells in an adult mouse brain, finding that the brain prunes back excess dendrite branches to achieve optimal design. This pruning process may hold implications for understanding neurological disorders such as autism, intellectual disabilities, and schizophrenia.
Biologists at the University of Iowa have identified a group of genes, gamma-protocadherins, that regulate dendrite growth in neurons. These genes must be an exact match for each neuron to correctly grow dendrites.
Researchers at Boston Children's Hospital found a fatty chemical called oxPAPC that induces an immune response in mice, causing T-cells to become highly active and effective. This discovery could lead to the development of more effective vaccines against various infections.
Researchers at Wayne State University have discovered that dendritic cells play a crucial role in guiding sensory nerve regeneration after wounding, but their interactions are disrupted in diabetic corneas. The study found that applying exogenous CNTF and its soluble receptor CNTFR-alpha can partially reverse the adverse effects of dia...
Dendritic cells, the 'generals' of T cell responses, produce and release CTLA-4, a brake on T cells that inhibits anti-cancer responses. Removing this brake with ipilimumab enables robust T cell priming against cancer.
Researchers at ETH Zurich have discovered how dendritic cells advance from capillary vessels towards the lymph node. They found that the cells orient themselves with the help of a molecular mediator named CCL21, which creates a directional gradient.
A study at The Wistar Institute revealed that Satb1 expression is required for proper immune response, but its prolonged presence drives immunosuppressive behavior. Silencing Satb1 in tumor-associated dendritic cells boosted T-cell activation and reduced inflammation.
Researchers at UT Austin found that a type of cancer in children grows only when signaled by nearby noncancerous cells. This discovery contributes to the growing field of environmental research on cancer spread and holds promise for new, less toxic treatments.
Shelby Cole, a first-year pharmacy student, has been awarded an Undergraduate Diversity Student supplement to study dendritic cells and contribute to her professor's research team. The grant will support her individual research project and provide opportunities for mentorship and outreach.
Researchers observe 'comet-shaped' structures forming on agar plates, indicating active motility in MRSA, a spherical bacterium with no propulsive tail or appendages. This discovery could have implications for future clinical treatments and open up new avenues of research into Gram-positive bacteria.
A recent study found that early childhood exposure to farm animals modifies immunological responses, particularly in dendritic cells and cytokine production. Farm exposures were associated with lower levels of proinflammatory cytokines and increased production of non-allergic Th1-associated cytokines.
Scientists at UVA Health System find a way to prompt red blood cell production through dendritic cells, which could benefit people with diabetes, kidney disease, and cancer. The approach may one day allow doctors to produce red blood cells on demand, benefiting those who cannot receive blood transfusions due to religious beliefs.
Researchers at Weizmann Institute discovered a subtype of immune cells that prevent metabolic syndrome by regulating inflammation-causing T cells. Mice lacking these cells became overweight and developed symptoms of metabolic syndrome.
A new study found that mice lacking certain immune cells gained excess weight and developed metabolic abnormalities even on a standard diet. Removing these cells prevented weight gain and metabolic issues. The study indicates that immune cells may help control fat tissue's energy storage and reduce inflammation.
A study published in Nature Neuroscience reveals how the protein centrosomin controls the growth of microtubules within neurons, influencing dendritic branching. The researchers found that centrosomin acts as a 'glue' to fix microtubules, preventing excessive branching and promoting more complex arbors.
Researchers find that using a monoclonal antibody to block the 'eat me' signal on malignant cells triggers a more potent immune response in dendritic cells, which then activate killer T cells and boost adaptive immunity. The study suggests a new approach for developing an effective cancer immunotherapy.
Scientists discovered that helper T cells boost killer cell reproduction and provide memory, enabling them to remember previous infections. This understanding could lead to the development of new vaccines that activate killer cells with harmless fragments of disease pathogens.
Ovarian cancer suppresses immune cells' ability to respond to tumor cells by activating a gene called XBP1. A novel therapy approach aims to restore dendritic cell function and trigger robust immune responses against ovarian tumors.
A study found that dendritic cells in elite HIV controllers can detect early signs of HIV infection and trigger a powerful immune response. This ability helps to control the virus, suggesting new avenues for preventative or therapeutic interventions.
Researchers found that elite HIV controllers' dendritic cells are better able to detect and respond to HIV, producing higher levels of immune-boosting proteins. This unique ability allows them to generate powerful T-cell responses against the virus, which may help others control or even cure HIV without treatment.
A new study from Australian and Singaporean scientists has discovered that each subtype of dendritic cell has its own unique parent cell. This discovery could lead to more efficient treatments for autoimmune diseases like lupus and rheumatoid arthritis by targeting the progenitor cells that produce these immune cells.
Researchers at Sanford-Burnham Medical Research Institute have discovered a protein called polyglutamine-binding protein 1 (PQBP1) that recognizes HIV and initiates an immune response. The study suggests that designing a drug mimicking the PQBP1-HIV interface could create an effective vaccine environment, potentially preventing infection.
A world-first vaccine-style therapeutic approach has demonstrated safety and effectiveness in suppressing the immune response in a phase one clinical trial for rheumatoid arthritis. The treatment targets high-risk genes and antibodies associated with the disease.,
A team of scientists from the University of Manchester has identified a new protein called Mbd2 that plays a key role in controlling inflammation during worm infections and allergies. By understanding how this protein functions, researchers hope to develop targeted therapies for these conditions.
Using mathematical models, researchers show that externalizing the cell body increases electrical signal transmission at no additional energetic cost. This design allows for efficient transmission of small input signals to neighboring cells.
Researchers at Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München demonstrate that macrophages can effectively substitute for dendritic cells as primers of T-cell-dependent immune responses. They stimulate a more comprehensive immune reaction than cross-presenting dendritic cells, activating T-cells specific for all antigen-binding sites.
Researchers tracked neuronal activity in dendritic nerve branches as mice learned motor tasks, finding that calcium ion spikes triggered changes in connection strengths. The study identified a unique cell type controlling lightning bolt patterns, which stored new information without disrupting existing memories.
Researchers have discovered a way to boost the effectiveness of immunotherapy in treating glioblastoma by enhancing dendritic cell migration. This approach increased patient survival rates by over 36 months compared to traditional dendritic cell-based therapy alone.
A large-scale genetic study of tuberculosis susceptibility has identified a key gene, ASAP1, that affects an individual's ability to fight the infection. The research found that variants of this gene impact susceptibility to TB and may hold clues to designing more effective vaccines for prevention.
A tetanus booster enhances immune system priming for dendritic cell therapy, increasing patient survival by nearly five years. The study provides a roadmap for improving dendritic cell vaccines for glioblastoma treatment.
The Grete Lundbeck European Brain Research Foundation has awarded TUM Prof. Arthur Konnerth the million-euro Brain Prize for his work on two-photon microscopy, enabling detailed images of individual nerve cells and synapses in living brains. His research has improved understanding of brain development, plasticity, and functional circui...
Researchers study directional solidification in transparent alloys to understand microstructure formations, which affect material properties. They found cells and dendrites exhibit surprising behaviors, like oscillations, that can impact material performance.
Researchers aim to predict which genes are expressed in dendritic cells based on specific conditions, aiming to explain why some people survive viral infections while others don't. This knowledge could lead to new treatments for diseases like cancer, diabetes, and Parkinson's disease by understanding faulty gene regulation.
Researchers have developed injectable 3D vaccines using programmable biomaterials that can induce an immune response to fight cancer and infectious diseases like HIV. The vaccines recruit dendritic cells, which then trigger an immune response to attack harmful cells.
The study reveals IL-37's role in regulating the adaptive immune system by inhibiting antigen recognition. This allows for potential manipulation of IL-37 levels to sensitize or desensitize the immune system in various diseases.
Researchers discovered that integrin loss in dendritic cells leads to increased signaling through the GM-CSF receptor, reprogramming them into a mature phenotype. This activation triggers T cell immune response, offering insights into designing targeted therapies for autoimmunity and cancer treatments.
A human pilot study presented at the SIO meeting in Houston showed that AHCC can eliminate HPV infection in women. Five out of ten participants achieved a negative HPV test result after taking AHCC orally for up to five months, suggesting a potential breakthrough in cancer prevention and treatment.