Articles tagged with Large Intestine
Two gut bacteria, Akkermansia muciniphila and Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, work together to destroy intestinal mucus, leading to dry and immobile stool. This discovery explains why standard treatments often fail for millions with chronic constipation, including those with Parkinson's disease.
Researchers have successfully reprogrammed part of the large intestine to function like the nutrient-absorbing small intestine, reversing malnutrition in a preclinical study. The technique, which deletes the colon gene SATB2, restored nutrient absorption and improved survival rates in mice with short bowel syndrome.
A new UC Davis Health study has uncovered the mechanisms by which Salmonella bacteria evade the body's natural defenses in the gut. The research found that Salmonella alters the gut's nutrient environment to fuel its replication in the large intestine, creating an imbalance that helps the pathogen survive. This new understanding could ...
A new index uses inflammatory cell proportions to predict tissue healing and outcomes in patients with ulcerative colitis. The index, called the inflammatory cell enumeration index (ICEI), was developed by analyzing data from 220 patients who achieved healing.
A new study suggests that high-sugar diets can exacerbate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) symptoms by disrupting the colon's lining renewal process. The research found that a high-sugar diet led to impaired cell division and altered metabolic pathways in mice, resulting in faster gut damage.
Interactions between gut bacteria may limit antibiotics' effectiveness in treating C. difficile infections, a study suggests. Researchers found that certain bacterial species make the bacterium tolerant to metronidazole and increase its abundance.
A new study has discovered significant variation in the anatomy of the human digestive system, with pronounced differences found between healthy individuals. This finding has implications for understanding the role of digestive tract anatomy in affecting human health and providing potential insights into medical diagnoses.
A recent study led by Dr Rachael Rigby from Lancaster University found that delays in stoma reversal surgery do not impact on risk of complications or commensal microflora loss, atrophy, or scarring. However, a higher degree of microflora loss is associated with an increased risk of complications.
A study by researchers at TUM found that gut bacteria play a crucial role in liver regeneration. The microbiome produces short-chain fatty acids, which are essential for liver cell growth and division. In mice treated with antibiotics, liver regeneration was delayed or not possible, but a
Engineers create OCTOPUS device to grow organs-in-a-dish, achieving higher levels of maturity than traditional methods. The device allows for more mature organs with complex cell relationships, providing valuable tools for studying human organ development.
Scientists discover that increased levels of enzyme alpha 1-6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) in the colon may lead to ulcerative colitis by altering mucous layer properties, making it more permeable and sticky. Researchers believe this allows bacteria to reach epithelial cells, triggering inflammation.
Researchers from NUS Medicine developed a probiotic that detects antibiotic-induced microbiome imbalance and regulates bile salt metabolism to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection. The probiotic significantly reduced CDI in laboratory models, demonstrating a 100% survival rate and improved clinical outcomes.
A UVA researcher is using a harmless amoeba to develop an innovative treatment for deadly C. difficile infections in young children. The approach has the potential to deliver specific antibodies directly to the gut, reducing the need for antibiotics and addressing a growing public health threat.
Researchers at UT Southwestern Medical Center found that high sugar diets worsened colitis symptoms and altered the gut microbiota in mice. The study suggests that consuming glucose from high fructose corn syrup may damage the protective mucus layer in the large intestine, increasing the risk of intestinal inflammation.
Commercially available prebiotic supplements can break down in horses' stomachs, leading to inflammation. However, feeding a specific type of prebiotic, Jerusalem artichoke meal, increased bacterial diversity in the entire digestive tract.
Researchers at Karolinska Institutet discovered that oxysterols stimulate specific immune cells to form lymphoid tissue in both health and disease. Oxysterols also contribute to chronic inflammation in ulcerative colitis, leading to tissue damage.
New study reveals bacteria in large intestine slow down 'good' fat tissue activity, affecting energy usage and weight gain. Researchers found links between intestinal bacteria, gender differences in weight, and brown fat activity.
Scientists have discovered that cilantro's (E,E)-2,4-Undecadienal compound effectively eliminates the strong smell of chitlins. The ingredient can suppress odor at very low concentrations, equivalent to about 10 drops in an Olympic-size pool.
Scientists have identified an ingredient in cilantro that can effectively remove the foul odor of chitlins. The compound (E,E)-2,4-Undecadienal was found to suppress the unpleasant smell at concentrations as low as 10 parts per billion.
Recent research suggests that gastrin inhibits cell apoptosis in colorectal cancer by up-regulating FasL expression, allowing cancer cells to evade immune surveillance. Somatostatin promotes cell apoptosis in large intestine cancer by increasing caspase-3 levels and activating death receptor signaling pathways.
A study published by the American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy found that capsule endoscopy identified Crohn's disease recurrence in 62% of patients, compared to 25% with colonoscopy. This led to changes in therapy for more than half of the patients studied.