The US ranks last in vaccination rates among the world's richest countries, with a mortality rate from COVID-19 30 times higher than influenza. Boosters can reduce the risk of dying and hospitalization by over 90%. All US adults and eligible children should receive booster shots to protect against future variants.
Researchers have developed an intermetallic palladium-zinc alloy with high corrosion resistance and improved catalytic activity. The alloy's unique structure creates a protective skeletal shell around the zinc atoms, preventing leaching and increasing its durability as an electrocatalyst for ethanol oxidation reactions.
Researchers at the University of Technology Sydney have extended the theory of acoustic levitation to account for asymmetrical particles, which is more applicable to real-world experience. This new understanding enables precise control and sorting of tiny objects using ultrasonic waves.
Researchers are using ancient DNA samples to study the relationship between humans and furbearers like beavers, mink, and muskrats. By analyzing genetic diversity lost due to the fur trade, scientists can inform current conservation efforts and guide future management schemes.
A new study found that sleeping five hours or less per night is associated with a higher risk of developing at least two chronic diseases over a 25-year period. This includes heart disease, cancer, and diabetes. The study analyzed data from over 7,000 men and women aged 50, 60, and 70.
A new AI model developed by researchers at the University of Georgia uses artificial intelligence to analyze terabytes of quail call recordings, allowing wildlife managers to gather data in a matter of minutes. The model is accurate, picking up between 80% and 100% of all calls, even in noisy recordings.
Researchers developed a technology to create nonspherical nanoparticles through ion implantation, enabling the growth of custom shapes and controlling their properties. This allows for the creation of metamaterials with improved optical absorption and energy conversion efficiency.
Researchers at University of Miami Rosenstiel School used climate model to investigate temperature changes in subpolar North Atlantic region. The study found that human-driven atmospheric changes are the cause of a warming hole, not a slowdown of ocean circulation.
Researchers found that ocean bacteria absorbing carbon dioxide from the air need more energy and resources when infected with viruses and facing predator attacks. This complex interaction can lead to increased carbon sequestration, a key factor in mitigating climate change.
A survey of six European countries found strong public support for transferring COVID-19 vaccines to poorer nations and prioritizing those with the greatest need. Europeans consistently prioritized individuals most vulnerable, employed individuals, or those who lost income during the pandemic over unemployed individuals.
The New York Stem Cell Foundation (NYSCF) has selected six early-career researchers to join its prestigious investigator program, which provides $1.5 million in funding over five years. The award aims to accelerate treatments and cures through cutting-edge research.
A new chemoproteomic method has been developed to globally profile arginine dimethylation, which plays a crucial role in regulating protein phase separation and membraneless organelle dynamics.
Researchers developed a method to estimate local and asymmetric face deformations from 2D landmarks, disentangling muscular movements and shape changes. The tool enables patients recovering from facial paralysis to monitor progress without specialized equipment, receiving immediate feedback.
The Roy Rosenzweig Center for History and New Media at George Mason University has received a National Endowment for the Humanities grant to create a digital archive of Civil War graffiti sites in Northern Virginia. The project aims to preserve unique graffiti covering two historic house museums and expand it to several other sites.
Scientists discover that increased levels of enzyme alpha 1-6 fucosyltransferase (FUT8) in the colon may lead to ulcerative colitis by altering mucous layer properties, making it more permeable and sticky. Researchers believe this allows bacteria to reach epithelial cells, triggering inflammation.
Researchers found that endogenous retrovirus RNA is present in all non-diseased tissue types, including cerebellum and thyroid tissues. This discovery has important clinical implications for the use of HML-2 expression as a cancer biomarker or therapeutic target.
A study published in JACC: CardioOncology found that exercise during chemotherapy improves long-term cardiorespiratory fitness and alleviates adverse effects of cancer treatment. After treatment, an exercise program can recover lost function. The optimal timing of exercise intervention is during chemotherapy.
A recent study has identified key factors influencing the eating quality of hybrid rice, including single-grain composition and physicochemical indicators. The research developed a novel technology to analyze these traits, enabling rapid and nondestructive detection of high-quality rice.
Researchers from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science developed a novel focusing quadrupole ion funnel to enhance PTR-MS sensitivity, increasing it by 13.8-87.9 times compared to conventional drift tubes. The FQ-IF also improved detection limits for volatile organic compounds.
A recent study published in eLife reveals that women, the elderly, those in rural areas, and those living in poverty are less likely to own a mobile phone, thereby excluding them from accessing mobile health (mHealth) services. The study highlights the need for digital transformation across Africa to ensure equitable access to healthcare.
A comprehensive review of ocean warming reveals that global ocean heat content has increased by over 90% since the 1950s. The study predicts that if greenhouse gas emissions are not reduced, ocean warming will continue to accelerate, leading to more intense storms, droughts, and sea-level rise.
Researchers studied thousands of SEC filings and found that firms disclose bad news more likely to announce unrelated news. The use of concurrent, unrelated press releases impedes market reaction to negative news by drawing investor attention away from the disclosure.
Research at the University of Arizona found a strong link between bright color use and ancestral day-night activity patterns. Species that use bright colors for sexual signals were descended from diurnal ancestors, while those using aposematism had nocturnal ancestors. This pattern holds across land vertebrates with over 40,000 species.
Virginia Tech researchers found that a common oral bacterium, Fusobacterium nucleatum, drives pancreatic cancer cell proliferation and migration. The bacterium can infect normal pancreatic tissue cells, stimulating nearby cancer cells to grow and spread rapidly.
The project aims to utilize care coordination and population health principles to maximize health outcomes for high-risk individuals with OUD. Funding will be used to coordinate care through cross-sector system collaboration and individualize treatment plans.
A black-coated Canada lynx has been photographed for the first time in Yukon, shedding light on a rare genetic variation. The animal's unique coat color is a result of melanism, a condition where an individual has excess melanin, and its impact on hunting abilities is still unclear.
A new international collaboration has explored the suitable conditions for polyester microdroplet synthesis and assembly, revealing that they can form in much wider conditions than previously understood. The research suggests that polyester microdroplets could have played a role in chemical evolution on early Earth.
Researchers found that patients awaiting surgery experienced decreased pain and improved relaxation when given a music pillow to listen to during their wait. The study, which included over 30 participants, demonstrated a positive association between music and reduced anxiety in emergency department patients.
A study analyzing Asian elephant movement and habitat preference found that they prioritize areas outside protected spaces, particularly those near the boundaries. This suggests that human-elephant conflict will rise unless strategies are implemented to promote coexistence around these areas.
A study of 7,800 children under 5 years old found comparable side effects between Pfizer-BioNTech and non-COVID-19 vaccines. The results could inform vaccination recommendations for this age group.
Researchers at ITQB NOVA extract bactericidal mixtures from tomato peels using a fast, simple, and sustainable process. The extracts show effectiveness against pathogenic bacteria, including Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. This breakthrough has the potential to provide antimicrobial properties to biomaterials.
Researchers found that subsurface warming in the North Atlantic precedes the release of massive icebergs from Canada and the US, leading to a reduction in surface salinity and AMOC collapse. This finding sheds light on the sequence of events responsible for the collapse of the Atlantic meridional overturning circulation system.
The editorial urges wealthy nations to step up support for Africa and vulnerable countries in addressing past, present, and future impacts of climate change. The climate crisis has destroyed a fifth of the GDP of the most vulnerable countries.
Researchers have designed a potential therapeutic that dampens the activity of regulatory T cells, which can prevent the immune system from unleashing its full potential against tumor cells. The molecule, known as FOX3P, acts as a transcription factor for many Treg genes but isn't vital for other types of T cells.
Scientists have developed an enzyme that effectively breaks down signaling molecules used by bacteria to produce biofilms. The enzyme, LrsL, has exceptional efficacy in suppressing biofilm formation by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, a bacterium known for causing hospital-acquired infections.
Adults who sleep for five hours or less per night have a greater risk of developing multiple chronic conditions compared to those who sleep seven hours. Shorter sleep duration at mid-to-late life is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and subsequent multimorbidity.
A research team at POSTECH developed a skin-attachable microphone sensor that clearly detects voices even in harsh noisy environments. This technology can be used for disaster-response communication between medical professionals wearing protective equipment and firefighters wearing gas masks.
Researchers have developed a high-performance laser system capable of measuring electron temperature and density in plasma at a world record speed of 20,000 times per second. This breakthrough enables detailed measurements of transient phenomena in plasmas, crucial for understanding and controlling fusion power generation.
A new study found that social, economic and political barriers hinder the global distribution of the $424 billion aquatic food industry's benefits. The study calls for policies to ensure equitable access to this sector, which supports both welfare-based benefits like jobs and affordable nutrition, as well as wealth-based benefits.
Researchers developed a new machine-learning approach to classify macrophages, which are key immune cells involved in pro- or anti-inflammatory responses. This technology could be used as a diagnosis tool or to highlight the role of specific cell types in disease environments.
The study investigated the removal efficiencies of natural and synthetic progesterones in hospital wastewater treated by different disinfection processes. The results showed that secondary biological treatment significantly reduced progesterone content, while UV/Cl2 had the highest removal efficiency due to ultraviolet photolysis.
Researchers from Indiana University School of Medicine found that many reasons clinicians reject transplantation in cannabis users have no scientific basis. They identified areas where more research is needed, including interactions between cannabis and immunosuppressants.
A new multimodality prediction method jointly learned vision and sequence information for accurate solar wind speed prediction. The model achieved best performance in many metrics, including RMSE, MAE, and CORR, and demonstrated the effectiveness of each module in improving prediction accuracy.
A new randomized controlled trial evaluates the effectiveness of Parent-Child Care (PC-CARE), a seven-session intervention program, for children with challenging behaviors and their parents or caregivers. The study found that PC-CARE improves communication and reduces challenging behaviors in just seven weeks, with an 81% retention rate.
A meta-analysis by Goethe University Frankfurt found that individualized treatment combined with cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) led to a significant increase in pain relief. The study showed an 84% higher success rate compared to standard exercise therapies, making this approach the most effective.
A new study by sociologists in Trinity College Dublin has found that young children of migrant origin experience significant educational gaps, particularly in verbal skills. The research suggests that these gaps are already present at the start of school and vary widely across different migration groups.
A new study analyzing data from 17 studies reveals no correlation between high intake of refined grain foods and the risk of cardiovascular disease. The meta-analysis found that consuming more refined grains was actually associated with a lower risk of heart disease.
Researchers at Massachusetts General Hospital found that sedating patients after cardiac arrest can improve their chances of survival and regaining normal brain function. The study, conducted in mice, showed that sedatives like propofol and dexmedetomidine improved survival rates compared to those who received no sedation.
Researchers found that introducing Ag9AlSe6 nanoparticles into N-type Bi2Te3.7Se0.3 improves thermoelectric performance by enhancing phonon scattering and reducing thermal conductivity. The composite sample exhibits a maximum ZT value of 1.2 at 423K, outperforming the original BTS alloy.
A new approach combines an immunotherapy agent with a molecular delivery system that targets tumor acidity, successfully eradicating colorectal tumors in mice. The researchers believe this method may increase the effectiveness of STING agonist therapy for cancer patients.
The UK Synchrotron facility, Diamond, has contributed £2.6 billion to the UK science and economy through its delivery of 12,000 published journal papers. This impact is demonstrated by the significant benefits achieved in various scientific disciplines, addressing global challenges such as disease, clean energy, and food security.
Researchers discovered a 'manganese-sensitive niche' in plant roots where calcium concentration oscillates in response to manganese deficiency. This process triggers the activation of two enzymes that stimulate manganese uptake and homeostasis.
A novel polysorbate-based formulation enhances carboplatin's therapeutic response in lymph nodes, amplifying antitumor effects and increasing drug penetration.
A 16-year-long study by Indian Institute of Science researchers found that large mammalian herbivores like yak and ibex stabilize soil carbon levels, which is crucial for offsetting climate change effects. The study showed that grazing animals reduce fluctuations in soil carbon, ensuring its persistence.
Researchers developed a groundbreaking model to estimate bait vaccination effectiveness in wild animals by analyzing the proportion of immunized animals and vaccine applications. The study successfully tested the model using real data from Japan's CSF outbreak, demonstrating a measurable increase in immunized wild boars.
A study by Lund University found that males and females have different interests in group living, with males thriving in smaller groups and females benefiting from larger ones. This difference affects cooperation and competition, with males driven by rivalry and females by mutual support.
A team of researchers has successfully 3D bioprinted breast cancer tumors, treated them with chemotherapy and CAR-T cells, and found promising results. The bioprinted tumor model enabled the testing of experimental therapies without animal experimentation, laying the foundation for precision fabrication of tumor models.
Researchers at the UArizona Arthritis Center will study 10,000 participants to identify determinants of rapid knee deterioration and predict patient outcomes. The goal is to improve treatment evaluation and understand the progression of debilitating knee osteoarthritis.
FathomNet aggregates images from multiple sources to create a publicly available, expertly curated underwater image training database. The database uses artificial intelligence and machine learning to alleviate the bottleneck for analyzing underwater imagery, accelerating important research around ocean health.
Spending on prescription drugs was a significant portion of healthcare spending among Medicare beneficiaries, accounting for approximately 27%, even after post-sale rebates. The study highlights the need to address rising medication costs and explores ways to mitigate this burden on individuals and the healthcare system.
Researchers from Tohoku University and Johns Hopkins University have created nanoporous molybdenum-based intermetallic compounds that can significantly enhance hydrogen production. The new catalysts, formed through liquid metal dealloying, exhibit promising electrocatalytic performance and potential for commercial use.
A study found that in people with significant kidney disease, psoriasis does not increase the risk of heart attack. After controlling for other risk factors, researchers found no association between psoriasis and heart attacks in patients with end-stage renal disease.
Researchers found that reduced NA activity enables HA mutations to become more neutral, and that this process is crucial for predicting future flu strains. The study aims to improve flu vaccine accuracy by understanding the interactions between HA and NA genes.
Ruben van Boxtel's research focuses on understanding the origins of late treatment effects in children with blood cancer, exploring the role of stem cells. His work aims to find solutions to prevent these effects and predict their likelihood.
A study from Tokyo Medical and Dental University reveals that the TGF-β signaling molecule can induce EMT in oral cancer cells, leading to high motility and metastatic potential. KRTAP2-3 expression is associated with poorer overall survival, suggesting its role as a prognostic biomarker.
Researchers identified urolithin A as a compound that improves function of immune cells against cancer. The study found that urolithin A induces mitophagy in T cells, recycling and renewing mitochondria to enhance tumor-fighting capabilities.
The Association for Molecular Pathology (AMP) has published consensus recommendations for using in silico approaches to validate Next-Generation Sequencing (NGS) data analysis pipelines. The guidelines provide expert opinion on the advantages and disadvantages of different types of in silico data and offer general recommendations for s...
Researchers found a moderate increase in anxiety and depression among the general population during the first two months of the COVID-19 pandemic. The impact on mental health varied significantly by population after that period.
A substantial proportion of ethnically diverse children from low-resource backgrounds with severe COVID-19 illness are reporting long-term complications. The study found that pediatric patients with private health insurance were 66% less likely to report long COVID symptoms versus those with government insurance.
A new study reveals that vertical migrators, including krill and jumbo squid, are unlikely to leave their native tropical zones due to climate change. Instead, they may expand their habitat northward in response to temperature changes and altered metabolic requirements.
The Vilcek Foundation has awarded $250,000 in prizes to four leading immigrant scientists: Alejandro Sánchez Alvarado, Edward Chouchani, Biyu J. He, and Shixin Liu. They received the 2023 Vilcek Foundation Prizes in Biomedical Science for their groundbreaking work in regeneration, metabolic disease, cognitive neuroscience, and nanoscal...
A new study found that using digital technology in care homes can reduce emergency department attendances by 10% each month. The HealthCall app provides staff with easy access to clinical advice, allowing for more targeted care and reduced hospital admissions.
A WWII shipwreck in the North Sea is leaking hazardous pollutants like explosives and heavy metals, influencing marine microbiology and geochemistry. The study found varying concentrations of toxic substances depending on distance from the wreck, with highest metal levels near the coal bunker.
A study has identified a protein complex, Unc5-GPC3, that regulates the migration of neurons and neuroblastoma cancer cells. The complex facilitates the migration of neurons on fibres during brain development and is also present in certain brain tumours.
Researchers found that eyespots on animals' bodies make them more cautious when approached from the side, but not from directly behind or in front. This discovery sheds light on why eyespots have evolved to be symmetrical and effective predators.
A groundbreaking research project is launching a four-year study to examine data from over 70,000 young people with experience of the care sector. The study will investigate factors influencing CAMHS referrals, treatment effectiveness and experiences of young people with social care involvement.
Researchers have developed a method to track the temporal distribution of energy absorption in molecules using time-resolved spectroscopy. This allows for a precise understanding of the dynamics of energy transfer between light and vibrating molecules.
Over 250 health journals globally publish an editorial urging wealthy nations to provide climate justice for Africa, citing severe flooding, increased infectious diseases, and economic devastation. The authors argue that achieving the $100bn climate finance target is now 'globally critical' to forestall systemic risks.
Patients taking apixaban had a 43% lower risk of stroke or systemic embolism compared to those taking rivaroxaban. Apixaban also reduced the risk of bleeding events by 49% in patients with atrial fibrillation and valvular heart disease.
A recent study identifies a specific gene, GNL3, that regulates neural proliferation in response to lithium, which is used to treat bipolar disorder. This gene plays an important role in brain function and has been implicated in risk for bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, and inter-individual variations in intelligence.
Researchers developed a new computational tool that creates a picture of brain activity during sleep, providing an enhanced way to characterize the activity of the brain. The approach identified new potential biomarkers in people with schizophrenia, suggesting new ways to understand the disorder and develop targeted treatments.
A study by the Radiological Society of North America found that health insurance companies often pay more than necessary for radiology services, leading to higher premiums and out-of-pocket costs. The study also suggests that radiologists can play a key role in delivering high-quality, low-cost care to patients.
A study of 1,199 US essential and frontline workers found that recent mRNA vaccination with 2 or 3 doses before infection with Delta or Omicron variants was associated with attenuated symptoms and viral load. Vaccination status also influenced duration of illness and medical care seeking.
Researchers at the University of Luxembourg created colour-changing CLCE fibres that can be easily sewn into fabric, shifting colours continuously from red to blue upon stretching, and remain colourful even after repeated wear and washing.
A new study found that over a 5-year period, millions of cattle spent part of their lives grazing in protected areas of the Brazilian Amazon, including indigenous lands. This undermines efforts to conserve forests and biodiversity in these regions.
Physicists from Hefei Institutes of Physical Science successfully developed an effective calculation method for the ITER large-caliber magnetic field immunity testing system. The study revealed a novel formula to determine the allowable deviation of equipment coil, providing a theoretical basis for actual installation.
Researchers created a model to calculate the energetics involved in piercing with biological tools. The model can be applied to various organisms and will help scientists study and compare different puncturing systems.
A new study reveals that western wildfires can strengthen storms in central US states, leading to heavier rain and flash flooding. The heat and airborne particles from wildfires intensify severe storms, with some cases bringing hailstones larger than baseballs.
Researchers at Rice University have developed a new motorcycle lighting design that could help prevent accidents by improving visibility for other drivers. The six-light configuration, which illuminates the full height and width of the bike, was found to reduce response times by up to 0.8 seconds.
SourceRice University·JournalTransportation Research Part F Traffic Psychology and Behaviour·TypeComputational simulation/modeling·DateOct 18, 2022
Researchers developed a high-sensitivity differential Helmholtz photoacoustic cell, achieving a minimum detection limit of 177 ppb in methane gas detection. The optimized cell structure and signal processing techniques improved performance by suppressing noise and enhancing photoacoustic signals.
Current sequencing methods miss gene fusions in many non-small cell lung cancer patients, denying them access to targeted therapies. Novel genomic technology ASPYRE provides ultra-sensitive detection of gene fusions from RNA.
Researchers compiled 41 solar occultation observations of Saturn's rings from the Cassini mission to inform future investigations into their formation and evolution. The study reveals new information on ring particles' sizes and compositions, shedding light on the origins of the ring system.
A new free guide, 'Cultivating Contact', offers insights on how people from different groups experience contact with each other and how social attitudes and behaviors can be transformed through these experiences. The 24-page booklet describes how to foster greater trust and belonging between people from different backgrounds.
A cross-sectional study of 291 primary care physicians found a significant positive relationship between EHR time and certain ambulatory quality measures. Increased EHR time was associated with improved panel-wide hemoglobin A1C level control, hypertension control, and breast cancer screening.
New TOD index assesses development potential around transit nodes, ranking stations for their commercial diversity, walkability and land-use vibrancy. The study identifies areas suitable for residential growth, advising developers on informed urban planning.
Researchers have reverse-engineered a virus linked to chronic kidney disease in cats and described its mechanism of infection. The feline morbillivirus, or FeMV, can spread from host to host through urine, similar to the zoonotic Nipah virus.
A study by the Rotman School of Management found that pay bonuses based on managers' assessments of employee work led to improved performance, while losing pay had a demotivating effect. The research highlights the importance of cautious use of subjective penalties in incentive systems.
A new AI app improved the accuracy of COVID-19 lateral flow test results, increasing sensitivity from 92% to 97.6%. The app was tested at UK Health Security Agency assisted test centers and found promising results in reducing false negatives.
A new type of protein-based nanocomposite, AaLS/TRAIL/EGFRAfb, was developed to enhance the efficacy of TRAIL and inhibit EGFR-mediated survival signaling pathways. This synergistic approach successfully suppressed tumor growth without significant side effects in a mouse model.
A collaborative team at IGB discovered 30 new compounds, including three with antibacterial properties, using the Illinois Biological Foundry for Advanced Biomanufacturing. The platform allowed for rapid screening of hundreds of genes and pathways, enabling the researchers to identify potential anti-microbial compounds.
A University of Kansas researcher is using a $2.3 million grant to investigate the connection between DNA break-and-repair processes and opioid addiction. The study aims to understand how molecular changes in the brain contribute to addiction, with the goal of developing new therapies.
The project aims to accelerate advanced simulation and computing applications using Cerebras Systems' Wafer-Scale Engine, a 2.6 trillion transistor computer chip. The collaboration will enable artificial intelligence and machine learning techniques for future mission applications.