Articles tagged with Pulmonary Alveoli
Using the YEARS diagnostic algorithm is as safe as computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (CTPA) for diagnosing suspected pulmonary embolism in patients with cancer. This strategy saved 22% of patients from undergoing CTPA, highlighting its potential to streamline cancer care.
A retrospective study of 40 immunocompromised ICU patients found associations between low CD4+T-cell counts and specific lung pathogens. Patients with severe CD4 depletion had higher proportions of fungal infections, while moderate immunosuppression was linked to Streptococcus pneumoniae.
UCSF researchers found a key cellular switch driving pulmonary fibrosis and developed a new therapy to block it in mice. The treatment works by preventing healthy lung cells from converting to harmful cell types, reducing scarring and improving lung function.
The American College of Chest Physicians has designated October 19, 2025, as 'Love Your Lungs Day' in recognition of respiratory health. This initiative aims to raise awareness about lung diseases such as asthma and COPD, promoting equity and supporting healthcare providers.
A new method, CIBA, enables safe delivery of stem-cell-based treatments directly into the lungs of ECMO-supported patients. The technique has been proven to be well-tolerated and has shown potential for treating end-stage interstitial lung disease.
Researchers have developed a suite of parameters that can be used to quantitatively measure different physical characteristics of the lung. The parameters were found to be highly sensitive and specific for diagnosing fibrosis and edema in an animal model, using only five necessary parameters.
The American College of Chest Physicians has released a new clinical guideline for managing central airway obstruction, providing evidence-based recommendations to guide its management. The guideline emphasizes the importance of shared decision-making and a multidisciplinary approach in optimizing care and improving outcomes.
Vaping additives, particularly vitamin E, can damage the lungs by inhibiting gas exchange and lung stability. The study used Langmuir films to simulate the expansion and compression of the pulmonary surfactant, observing how the additive changed its properties and monitored changes as more were added.
Researchers developed a human in vitro model of radiation-induced lung injury, closely mimicking the complexities of the disease. The Human Lung Alveolus Chip recapitulates hallmarks of RILI, including DNA damage, inflammation, and injury to lung cells and blood vessels.
Researchers have developed a new X-ray technology that visualizes lung tissue microstructure, providing additional information for accurate diagnosis. Dark-field X-ray images can differentiate between diseased and healthy lung tissue, potentially replacing computed tomography (CT) for repeated examinations.
A deficiency in gene regulation disrupts the clearance of surfactant lipids in alveolar macrophages, leading to their bloating and foaming. This defect is associated with conditions like pulmonary alveolar proteinosis, obesity, and atherosclerosis.
A study reveals that alveolar macrophages, responsible for filtering bacteria and viruses from the lungs, fail to function properly when lacking a crucial transcription factor called C/EBPb. This leads to an accumulation of surfactant in the lungs, causing pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP), a hitherto incurable disease.
A team of scientists developed a chip that simulates the human lung's breathing pattern, allowing them to visualize and analyze the flow of air and particulates through the alveoli. They found distinct flow patterns for different generations of the bronchial network, shedding light on respiratory diseases such as emphysema and COPD.
A randomized controlled trial found that both BVLR and surgery lead to significant improvements in lung function, breathlessness, and exercise capacity. The study suggests that less invasive BVLR may be a good therapeutic option for suitable patients, offering a similar outcome to traditional surgery.
A study by Charité researchers found that SARS-CoV-2 causes limited direct tissue damage, instead triggering an inflammatory response through alveolar macrophages. This suggests that most cases of SARS-CoV-2 infection show relatively moderate disease severity.
Researchers from the Wyss Institute discovered that applying mechanical forces mimicking breathing motions suppresses influenza virus replication and activates protective innate immune responses. The Human Lung Chip was used to model these responses, leading to repurposed drugs for treating inflammatory lung diseases.
Researchers at Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center discovered that a combination of two anti-inflammatory drugs may prevent lung damage and asthma in infants born prematurely due to chorioamnionitis. The study used animal models, but further research is needed to confirm the results.
Researchers at KTH Royal Institute of Technology developed a technique to study lung disease in living mice without using mechanical ventilation. The method uses phase-contrast X-ray tomography to produce high-resolution images of the lungs, including even the smallest airways, with low radiation doses.
A lung model mimicking complex anatomy has enabled the assessment of respiratory volumes using a gas-in-scattering-media absorption spectroscopy (GASMAS) technique. The study demonstrates the feasibility of GASMAS to sense changes in gas volume in a controlled environment, paving the way for potential clinical applications.
A clinical trial of 465 patients found that administering heparin in therapeutic doses reduced mortality from COVID-19 by 78%, with benefits only observed when administered between seven and 14 days after symptom onset. The study suggests that timing is crucial for treatment efficacy.
A study has produced a detailed molecular atlas of lung development, identifying critical cell types and signaling pathways. The researchers used single-cell RNA sequencing and ATAC sequencing to record gene expression in thousands of individual cells across the lifespan, revealing new insights into how alveoli develop and mature.
Researchers from Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have determined the process of lung alveolus formation and identified signaling hubs that coordinate cell development. The study provides crucial insights into developing therapies to regenerate critical lung tissue and repair damaged tissue at a cellular level.
Scientists have developed a biological lung-on-chip that replicates the human lung's structure and function, enabling researchers to model lung diseases such as IPF and COPD. The device has broad clinical applications, including drug screening and precision medicine.
Researchers found that vitamin E acetate increases lung surfactant fluidity, causing the surfactant layer to collapse. This may contribute to symptoms like shortness of breath and lung inflammation in EVALI patients.
Researchers at the University of Calgary have discovered a way to record real-time images of immune cells inside the lungs, revealing that these 'cleaners' become paralyzed during infections. This new imaging technique has provided crucial insights into the immune system's response to deadly bacteria and viruses like flu and COVID-19.
A recent study published in PNAS reveals that specialized lung cells appear early in fetal development, potentially offering future opportunities to treat lung damage caused by prematurity. The research team investigated the fetal signaling pathways active in these cells and found that they begin their specialized roles very early in p...
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia have discovered that specialized lung cells emerge early in fetal development, contributing to prematurity-related lung injuries. The study reveals the role of signaling pathways in shaping these cells and paves the way for future therapeutic interventions.
Scientists identified a new type of lung stem cell that can regenerate lung tissue after injury. The discovery could lead to innovative treatments for lung diseases in both children and adults, including premature infants and those with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
A study published by researchers from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine has identified two distinct cell types in the lungs, one promoting regeneration and the other forming scar tissue. This discovery could lead to targeted therapies for conditions such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary...
Researchers at Lund University found that cholesterol impacts the molecular structure of the alveoli's surfactant film, influencing its mechanical properties and substance transport. The study provides new insights into the significance of cholesterol for lung surface properties.
Researchers have identified a type of adult lung stem cell that contributes to lung regeneration after damage. The study found that these cells, known as p63+/Krt5+, proliferate upon injury and form new alveoli near sites of inflammation, highlighting their potential for therapeutic strategies.
Researchers identified a new molecular pathway involved in the growth of tiny air sacs called alveoli crucial for breathing. HGF treatment showed a 17% improvement in air sac size and lung structure, suggesting a potential approach to regrow destroyed air sacs in people with emphysema.
A team of researchers created the most detailed, three-dimensional rendering of the pulmonary acinus, a complex region in the mammal lung. The model, derived from mice, can help scientists understand where and how lung diseases emerge and how drugs are delivered.
A University of Leicester study has fundamentally altered our understanding of lung growth, suggesting that new air sacs continue to form until adulthood. Researchers used magnetic resonance scans and breathing tests to find minimal difference in alveoli size across age groups.
The ATS and ERS have issued guidelines for quantitatively assessing lung structure using advanced imaging techniques. These guidelines promote the accuracy and comparability of studies, facilitating interdisciplinary collaboration.
Researchers have identified a genetic mutation linked to premature lung development and severe respiratory complications. The mutation, found in four children born with multiple abnormalities, may provide insight into potential treatments for newborn lung distress and COPD.
Researchers found increased elastin synthesis in moderately diseased lung tissue of COPD patients, suggesting the lungs may be attempting to repair themselves.
Researchers have identified alveolar type I cells as potential diagnostic markers for acute lung injury. The study's findings suggest that these cells may play a crucial role in the development of pulmonary diseases.