Articles tagged with Government Research
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A recent study by researchers at UCLA and Catholic University found that younger addicts, particularly those from minority groups, have lower chances of long-term recovery. The study analyzed data from over 800 narcotics addicts in California and identified key factors influencing relapse rates, including age of first use and ethnicity.
Researchers at the US Department of Agriculture have created an anti-browning treatment that prevents apples from turning brown for up to five weeks. The new technique uses natural products and doesn't require special packaging, with potential applications in other fresh-cut fruits.
Researchers sequenced the complete genome of a form of HIV from India, finding significant variation in genes for proteins on the outer envelope of the virus. This suggests that currently favored approaches to vaccine development may not work, and that a new approach may be needed.
A total of 48 researchers, including eight from Alabama, have been awarded NASA grants to study protein crystallization and cell science. These grants may lead to improvements in medical technologies such as drug design and tissue engineering.
TOPIC ISLANDS transforms large documents into visualizations and excerpted summaries to recognize themes and facilitate easy understanding. The technology can process multiple pages simultaneously and is applicable to daily needs of individuals and organizations.
A study of 1,189 Indian seventh-grade children found that nearly 13% had fluorosis, a primarily aesthetic condition affecting adult teeth during development. Children who started using fluoride toothpaste under age 2 showed more severe cases of fluorosis.
The Johns Hopkins University engineering graduate student created a website to address questions on the impact of climate change on public health and policy makers' responses. The site provides research tools, links to experts, and raw data for researchers.
A study at Duke University Medical Center found Hispanic heart patients experienced a median delay of nine minutes from symptom onset until receiving medical therapy. Despite differences in treatment, clinical outcomes were similar between Hispanic and non-Hispanic patients.
Nu-Trim, a new fat substitute, contains beta-glucans that lower LDL cholesterol and total cholesterol. It can transform baked goods into low-calorie, high-fiber foods with improved texture and volume. Studies show it reduces plasma cholesterol by 27% and LDL cholesterol by 36%, making it an attractive option for heart health.
Researchers found that welfare-dependent individuals and working poor people face negative attitudes from professionals and encounter barriers in their daily lives. They struggle to lead ordinary lives without facing stigma, which drains their energy and hinders their progress in moving up the economic ladder.
Cornell University is part of a national effort to pioneer new integrated circuit design and support the US microchip industry. The university's contribution will focus on photonics and novel information distribution methods.
A recent study by Dr. Robert Haley at UT Southwestern Medical Center reveals that Gulf War veterans experience significant post-war excesses in hospitalizations and deaths, contrary to earlier government studies. The research is based on the team's findings of neurological damage caused by chemical exposure during the war.
Researchers created a mathematical model that builds on current FAA ground-holding policies, aiming to reduce cost and improve efficiency in air traffic management. The model has been partially implemented in Europe and shows a potential improvement of up to 30 percent in reducing congestion.
The Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS) and the Operational Research Society of Israel (ORSIS) will hold an international convention at Tel Aviv University. Operations researchers use math and science to make sense of millions of details, impacting industries such as airlines, healthcare, and business.
The Aviation System Analysis Capability (ASAC) is an integrated suite of models and databases that assesses the impact of new technologies on air transportation efficiency and safety. Developed by Logistics Management Institute, ASAC assists researchers in air traffic management analysis and aircraft technology analysis.
The TRAMAH model has been successfully tested in Maryland, achieving near 100% access to trauma system resources within 30 minutes for severely injured residents. By optimally locating fewer helicopter depots or replacing single trauma centers, the researchers saw significant improvements in response times and coverage.
Researchers recommend strategies to manage queues and waiting lines, including paying bills by mail and avoiding in-person registration. Dr. Richard C. Larson suggests that fair standing queues, such as merging traffic, can help reduce frustration with waiting.
Researchers developed two time-saving strategies for drivers to find parking spaces: Pick a Row, Closest Space and Cycling. The first approach requires less driving but more walking, while the second is faster but with slightly longer distances.
A study by Columbia University statistics professor Andrew Gelman and colleagues found that small-state voters have a higher probability of affecting the outcome of presidential races due to the electoral college system. In close national elections, vote tallies in politically balanced states are more likely to determine the outcome.
Rising global temperatures could lead to the expansion of dengue fever's geographic range into temperate regions. The mosquito Aedes aegypti's larval size and adult frequency will increase with warmer temperatures, boosting disease transmission.
A five-year educational campaign in Thailand has dramatically cut HIV infections and sexually transmitted diseases among young army draftees. The program, which promoted condom use, reduced the HIV rate by a factor of five and STDs by a factor of ten among those studied.
A study found that product linkage and market position are crucial factors in International Joint Venture performance, while a local partner's strategic fit is also vital for risk reduction, market development, and profitability. The research suggests that multinational corporations should select partners with rich market experience, s...
A recent journal issue concludes that businesses are failing to leverage emerging computer/communications technology for profits. The study highlights the need for commensurate changes in management practices to unlock economic value from technological advancements.
Researchers use exploratory analysis of CCEP database to identify smaller groups with common health conditions based on shared exposure to risk factors. The study found no large group affected by a syndrome, but identified specific characteristics that may be related to Gulf War Syndrome.
Researchers found that making optimal use of backup agreements between catalogers and manufacturers can increase net cash by almost 50%. The strategy, tested on a multibillion-dollar retail giant, is applicable to various industries with seasonal demand fluctuations.
Carnegie Mellon University researchers are developing mobile, wearable computer systems to provide fast access to maintenance and repair information for aircraft mechanics. The project aims to cut time and cost of planes going in and out of repair depots, benefiting the US Air Force.
Researchers found that tightly controlling blood sugar levels can significantly decrease the lifetime risk of diabetes-related blindness for people with early-onset type 2 diabetes. For those who develop the disease at an age of 50-55 or earlier, maintaining a near-normal blood-sugar level can prevent vision and kidney problems.
University of Delaware professor Daniel van der Weide will receive the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists and Engineers from the National Science Foundation. The award recognizes his efforts to develop ultra-small instruments and techniques for polishing and characterizing semiconductor integrated circuits.
A new study found that even with enforcement of laws banning tobacco sales to minors, many youths continue to easily purchase tobacco products from merchants. The researchers suggest improving compliance by using more effective inspection methods and stricter penalties.
Researchers will focus on assessing earthquake resistance and retrofitting options for major structures in urban areas. The project aims to develop more sophisticated criteria for earthquake hazard prevention, potentially saving $10 or more in building costs for every dollar spent on research.
The research aims to determine the prevalence of neurotoxic poisoning among Gulf War veterans, design a national survey, and identify cost-effective screening tests. The goal is to find treatments to allow affected veterans to live more comfortable lives.
The University at Buffalo Center for Biosurfaces has received a $900,000 grant from the National Science Foundation to investigate the effects of airborne contaminants on human cardiovascular and respiratory health. Researchers aim to develop new materials that are non-toxic and do not cause adverse reactions in humans.
Researchers are focusing on mediators in Georgia with a four-year project aiming to identify common practices that distinguish skillful from less effective mediation. The study includes 25-page surveys of 1,000-plus mediators and analysis of 40 videotaped mediation sessions.
Chernobyl wildlife exhibits genetic change but no apparent defects, suggesting less severe environmental damage than feared. The area's abundant species thrive in a largely abandoned landscape.
A federally mandated regulation led to a significant reduction in hospitalization rates among nursing home residents, with no increase in death rate. The study found that targeted hospital use resulted in better care and cost savings.
A four-year study found that poverty is a significant risk factor for emotional disturbances in white children, but not in American Indian children. Despite having a higher poverty rate, American Indian children were less likely to experience emotional disturbances.
A recent study comparing US and Canadian heart attack patient care found small but statistically significant short-term edges for American cardiac care. However, overall data suggest conservative Canadian practices may favor better long-term outcomes.
A $2.7 million clinical trial is underway at the University of Alaska Anchorage to investigate the effectiveness of needle exchange programs in reducing the spread of disease among injection drug users. The study will compare participants who receive clean syringes through needle exchange with those who purchase them at pharmacies.
A team of geophysicists has found a partially molten granite pool beneath southwestern Tibet, which could have absorbed India's impact and lifted the plateau. The discovery uses seismic profiling techniques to detect deep earth structures and suggests that the Indian subcontinent's thrust into Asia may have created this zone.
A UNC-CH report evaluates the effectiveness of family planning programs in developing countries, identifying key components linked to success. The research emphasizes the importance of evaluation in allocating resources for maximum impact.
Most young molecular biologists (91%) are satisfied with their career choice despite facing challenges in the field. They believe effective gene therapy and a cure for AIDS will be significant breakthroughs in the next decade.
Research by UNC-CH history professor Dr. Richard Kohn helped lead President Bill Clinton's awarding of the Congressional Medal of Honor to black WWII veterans. The research uncovered instances of racism and black heroism, leading to the re-evaluation of over 40 black soldiers' nominations for the top military honor.
Researchers at Oak Ridge National Laboratory developed a miniature video camera that can transmit to a site up to 100 feet away, such as a police car. The camera features a disguised lens that makes it unobtrusive, and its design enables secure surveillance and protection for law enforcement.
Scientists from The Scripps Research Institute investigated how moderate and low doses of alcohol impact brain function. They found that c-Fos protein levels were stimulated in regions involved in emotions, motivation, and sensory processing, while selectively decreased in the hippocampus.
Scientists are examining population sizes using new statistical methods to determine if they're constant or fluctuating. The study aims to understand the causes of worldwide amphibian decline, which remains a mystery.
Six American institutions are putting ancient manuscript collections online through the Advanced Papyrological Information System (APIS), making fragile materials accessible to scholars worldwide. The effort aims to digitize and link images, texts, and bibliography for easier research.
A University of Kansas researcher has successfully demonstrated a method to convert grass, stalks, and farm byproducts into sugar for use as a primary component in fuel for diesel engines. The alternative fuel mixture is estimated to cost less than traditional diesel fuel and has already been tested in conventional diesel engines.
Researchers will explore innovations in mine detection using microelectronic chemical-sniffing 'nose', ultrasound, and unique mathematical aids. The projects aim to detect buried military booby traps that kill or maim innocent noncombatants.
Researchers investigate air exchange between tropical and mid-latitude stratosphere regions, shedding light on ozone layer thinning. The study's findings improve computer model representation of ozone depletion, predicting potential losses due to supersonic aircraft emissions.
Researchers at NCAR have developed new computer models to analyze storm development and forecast uncertainty. The auto-nowcaster tool, which spots incipient storms and predicts their development up to a half-hour in advance, will be tested this summer.