Articles tagged with Resource Policy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals how US News & World Report rankings discipline and punish law schools, forcing them to compromise their missions or be excluded. Law schools with public service or disadvantaged student missions are particularly affected, highlighting the transformative impact of rankings on educational institutions.
A policy promoting cross-border health programs could contribute to reducing maternal and child mortality by leveraging existing resources and addressing interplay of elements within different health systems. Reducing maternal and child mortality requires focus on political, economic, social, and cultural factors.
The Lancet Editorial highlights China's health system reform as a starting point for broader dialogue on wellbeing. Key challenges include human rights, freedom of expression, Tibet, and Taiwan.
The American College of Medical Genetics has received a $13.5 million NIH contract to develop a National Newborn Screening Translational Research Network, aiming to enhance the understanding of rare genetic diseases through research and collaborative efforts.
Private Medicare Advantage plans received 12.4% more payment per enrollee in 2008 compared to traditional Medicare fee-for-service program. Extra payments amount to $8.5 billion, exceeding expected fee-for-service costs by 10.6%.
The Lancet article reports 234 million global surgeries annually, with a significant gap in access to surgical care in low-income countries. The study suggests that surgical safety is now a substantial global public health concern, with the potential for improved maternal and neonatal survival through analogous efforts.
The ASSIST training programme, which involves training influential students to promote anti-smoking messages, has been shown to reduce smoking rates among teenagers. The programme was effective in achieving a sustained reduction in uptake of regular smoking in adolescents for two years after its delivery.
Tanzania has made significant progress in reducing child mortality, with a 24% decline between 2000 and 2004. Key interventions such as increased funding for healthcare, decentralization of financing, and coverage of essential child-survival services have contributed to this success.
Priority Countdown countries face policy gaps and conflicts hindering progress towards reducing maternal, newborn, and child mortality. The authors identified key challenges including financing, governance, and product availability that must be addressed to scale up effective interventions.
A recent Lancet study reveals that there is a lack of evidence to guide policies on human resources for health in middle- and low-income countries. The authors analyzed published literature from 1979 onwards and found that only a few studies included data from these countries, highlighting the need for more systematic reviews and resea...
A new organ allocation system has been linked to a significant decrease in deaths among individuals on the liver transplant waiting list. The improved outcomes have also led to shorter wait times for transplantation, with many patients receiving transplants within days of being added to the list.
A University of Minnesota study finds that Medicare lacks the necessary tools and incentives to implement evidence-based coverage policies, which are designed to improve medical quality and reduce costs. The research suggests that policymakers' assumptions about the impact of these policies on physician behavior are often incorrect.
Despite financial constraints, countries like Brazil have made progress by integrating mental health care into community settings and increasing access to medication. Lessons can be learned from these examples to improve mental health prioritization in low-resource settings
A Brown University study found that black representatives put more time and resources into developing policies and advocating for legislation of interest to African Americans. Black legislators were also more actively involved on legislation of all types, not just bills benefiting African American constituents.
NCAR has added a powerful BlueGene/L system to the TeraGrid, providing up to 4.5 million processor-hours of computing power annually. This enhances the nation's comprehensive infrastructure for open scientific research, increasing the TeraGrid's total computing capability and data storage.
Coral cover in Indo-Pacific reefs has declined significantly since the 1960s, with nearly 600 square miles of reef disappearing per year. The rate of decline is twice that of rainforest loss, with coral cover hovering around 2% today.
A University of Michigan study suggests that economic methods undervalue childhood interventions, despite evidence showing higher value placed on health gains for children and adolescents. The research recommends adjusting economic formulae to better reflect societal values, prioritizing early childhood intervention.
A national survey of commercial health plans found that most private plans provide online provider directories and educational information about mental health and substance abuse. However, only two percent offered online counseling services, highlighting the need for increased investment in behavioral health resources.
Cost-effective interventions can be scaled up with a focus on local context modification, training of non-physician healthcare personnel, and linking HIV/AIDS services. Revitalizing political commitment through NGOs presenting evidence to policymakers and economic arguments can also drive progress.
The Finnish government prioritized economic and foreign policy goals over addressing wartime emotional trauma, leading to a prolonged recovery period. The post-war era saw ongoing challenges, including reintegrating veterans and supporting affected groups, which were only partially addressed.
Despite modest regional growth in creative individuals, some cities experienced rapid job growth in the creative economy between 1999 and 2003. Creative occupations including engineers, educators, and scientists saw an average $20,000 annual increase in earnings compared to non-creative jobs.
Researchers distinguish between ambition formation and decision to run, finding that 'progressive ambition' exists prior to a decision in a particular race. Professional legislators are more successful at raising money and gaining votes, leading to enhanced accountability and responsiveness in U.S. House campaigns.
A recent study found that professionally staffed school libraries in Ontario are linked to higher student achievement and positive attitudes towards reading. The study recommends increasing the number of trained teacher-librarians and better funding for library resources to improve literacy levels across the province.
A study by Debarchana Ghosh found extreme inequality in health care resource availability, with western and southeastern Kansas counties facing significant challenges. The research identified 'high health care resource regions' and 'low or very low health care resource regions,' highlighting the need for policy-makers to address these ...
Research suggests that post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a significant concern among refugee populations in western countries. Studies indicate that approximately 1 in 10 adults experience PTSD, while others may struggle with major depression and generalized anxiety disorders. The findings highlight the need for increased attent...
Researchers found that devolved administrations have acquired more policy-making resources and clearer priorities to influence EU policy, but may face challenges due to civil servant access limitations. The study highlights the growing importance of devolution in UK's EU policy, with potential impacts on agricultural and rural policies.
The Lancet editorial argues that criticism of President Bush's AIDS spending is necessary to ensure efficient use of limited resources. Leading scientists and public-health advocates have judged that the size of US investment into AIDS renders President Bush immune from criticism, but this assessment is mistaken.
The UCSF Center for HIV Information has released the third edition of a CD-ROM targeting healthcare professionals in developing countries. The resource includes 5,000 pages of text on treatments, drugs, and standards of care from various countries.
A study of 56,000 people from Wichita, Kansas found that Chronic Fatigue Syndrome causes a significant burden on the economy, with lost productivity estimated at $9.1 billion annually. The syndrome affects approximately 450,000 individuals nationwide, resulting in substantial economic losses and reduced household income.
High-volume hospitals demonstrate lower mortality rates for complex surgeries, suggesting optimal resource allocation and human resources. Regionalization of procedures and services can be reconsidered to preserve quality care at smaller facilities.
A study found that only half of publishers agreed to grant permission for web-based courses to store electronic versions of articles without additional charges. Fewer than 60% granted permission to reproduce extracts at no fee, highlighting the need for more transparent and accessible publishing policies.
The National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), passed in 1970, has had a significant impact on US environmental policy and is now being revisited in its midlife. NEPA's strength lies in giving groups the power to oppose local projects that may threaten the environment, such as highway development.
Infertility in developing countries is largely due to preventable causes such as sexually transmitted diseases. Accessible preventative treatments can help tackle the issue, reducing stigma and social ostracization.
Research reveals that people near freeways are exposed to 30 times more ultrafine particles, linked to neurological changes and cardiovascular problems. The study measured particle concentrations near two major freeways in Los Angeles, finding a significant decrease in particle concentration with distance from the freeway.
A Dutch study investigated treatment options for tennis elbow, comparing corticosteroid injections and physiotherapy. Corticosteroid injections showed significant improvement at 6 weeks, but high recurrence rates. Physiotherapy offered better long-term results with lower recurrence rates.
A new study reveals that data, materials, and information are often kept secret in academic genetics, hindering scientific progress. The survey found that 47% of geneticists were denied access to resources at least once in the past three years.
A study predicts a significant shortfall of anesthesiologists in the US, with estimates ranging from 1,000 to 4,500. The authors suggest solutions to address the shortage, including increasing diversity in training programs and revising government immigration policies.
A new study reveals that Americans are more likely to acknowledge feeling overwhelmed by life, with shifts in perceptions of mental health and coping mechanisms over the past four decades. The percentage of respondents reporting a 'nervous breakdown' increased from 19% in 1957 to 26% in 1996.
Research highlights the difficulties faced by rural low-income families in transitioning from welfare to work due to limited job opportunities and lower wages. Despite recent economic growth, many rural areas lack essential workplace supports and infrastructure, hindering employment prospects.
A new study by Cornell University and the University of Colorado found that state child-support guidelines increase the probability of unwed mothers receiving awards, often increasing their size. In contrast, guidelines for divorced or separated women with children have little impact on award levels.
The UNC-CH survey found that only a third of schools use Life Skills Training, and a quarter use Project ALERT, two programs proven to be effective in preventing adolescent drug experimentation. Many coordinators lack full-time staff to devote to drug prevention, with only 25% having one or more employees doing so.
A new study by UC San Francisco health policy researchers found that patient characteristics and clinical practices significantly impact hospital resource use for liver transplantation. The study suggests guidelines to standardize resource use may lower costs, while findings highlight the need to reduce variations in practice patterns.
The US National Park Service faces challenges in managing wildlife populations due to conflicting goals and limited information. Adaptive management is proposed as a solution to resolve these issues. The study of ecological systems reveals new insights into what may be ecologically appropriate decisions regarding park management.