Articles tagged with Resource Policy
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Climate change-driven reductions in precipitation and river discharge will diminish the Amazon's hydropower capacity, according to a new study. As a result, alternative energy sources like solar and wind are expected to become more important.
A new study found that the survival rate of COVID-19 patients on ECMO has decreased over time, with those treated later in the pandemic having lower chances of survival. Careful patient selection and resource management are essential for hospitals offering ECMO to maximize survival rates.
A study published in Economic Inquiry examined data from 133 countries from 1950-2014, finding that reduced fiscal space in high-income countries after the 2007-2009 global financial crisis led to procyclical policy actions. This resulted in prolonged economic downturns and aggravated business cycle fluctuations.
The World Health Organization and UNESCO have created global standards to embed health and wellbeing into the education system, addressing rising mental health problems. The guidelines cover policy, resources, leadership, and community partnerships, aiming to foster a holistic approach to learning and student health.
A study during the COVID-19 pandemic found that lockdowns led to increased emotional/behavioral problems in schoolchildren, with grades 1-3 experiencing the most issues. These problems included inattention and hyperactivity, highlighting the need for support and assistance methods.
A new study analyzed daily COVID-19 data from Brazil, revealing distinct patterns by state and exacerbated inequities in lower-income regions. The analysis highlights complex issues driving the virus's fast spread and notes that some states failed to contain its propagation.
A new study by the University of Washington found that hospital pandemic policies harmed families and nurses, leading to feelings of loneliness, isolation, and mistrust. The policies also exacerbated existing racial biases in care, particularly for Black women and birthing people.
A study analyzed over 1,000 medical records from two US hospitals to examine potential disparities in resource allocation under crisis standards of care. The researchers found no evidence of bias against patients based on race or ethnicity.
A new study found consensus among Americans for arming school resource officers but division on arming teachers and nonteaching staff. Researchers suggest that support may wane as younger generations become more influential in voting decisions.
A new study found that cigarette smoking is responsible for approximately 8.8% of cancer deaths in some areas, while others have rates as high as 35.7%. The proportion of smoking-related cancer deaths varies significantly by region and sex, with men generally having higher rates than women.
A community-level alcohol intervention in California resulted in a significant reduction of alcohol-involved crashes among drivers aged 15-30. The study found that the intervention, which included sobriety checkpoints and saturation patrols, translated into approximately 310 fewer crashes across the intervention cities.
A blanket ban on landing thresher sharks has stopped targeted fishing, but persistent 'bycatch' continues to be a problem. The study found that bycatch is widely unrecorded due to mistrust and confusion among fishers, making it hard for authorities to enforce the ban.
A Flinders University study found that guns and drugs are linked to serious crime and that reducing access and value in popular culture can decrease their appeal. Experts say broad social changes are needed to make guns less attractive for criminals.
A new study published in Nature Human Behaviour found that the militarization of local law enforcement through military equipment does not reduce crime rates. Researchers discovered significant discrepancies in the federal government's tracking of surplus military equipment and incomplete records, making it difficult to draw firm concl...
A new University of Washington study examines the effects of early police contacts on Black and white adolescents, finding that Black youth are more likely to be treated as 'usual suspects' after a first encounter, leading to subsequent arrests. White youth with early police contact are not significantly more likely to be arrested later.
A Penn Medicine study reveals that marginalized groups prioritize professionalism and face challenges in academic medicine due to biases. The research highlights the need for institutions to reevaluate professionalism standards to create a more inclusive culture.
Researchers found that high-risk patients recovering from cardiac surgery who wore a continuous cardiac monitor had a 10-fold higher incidence of atrial fibrillation than those with usual care. This suggests that post-operative atrial fibrillation persists even after hospitalization, requiring prompt treatment and surveillance.
Research finds that multiracial people experience depression, stress, and lower self-esteem due to frequent racial identity denial. Policy changes, such as legitimizing multiracial identity and integrating check-all-that-apply racial measures for data collection, can help combat stigmas and promote inclusivity.
A new study by Resources for the Future researcher Margaret Walls concludes that national monuments on US public lands have generated benefits exceeding costs and have not harmed local economies. In some cases, monument designations have increased nearby businesses and jobs.
A study estimates the return on investment (ROI) of immunization programs for ten pathogens in ninety-four low- and middle-income countries over a two-decade period. The authors found a cost-of-illness approach yielded a ROI of 22.2 per dollar invested, while a value-of-a-statistical-life approach calculated an ROI of 51.8.
Lehigh University researchers study factors that promote resilience and protect against stress in vulnerable communities. By understanding the role of personal capital, they aim to develop insights for improving reproductive health outcomes and promoting health equity.
A systematic review identified nine barriers and facilitators to primary care team collaboration in case management. Factors such as family context, policy support, and physician buy-in play a significant role in determining success.
A multidisciplinary team is investigating the effects of COVID-19 on caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias (ADRD) in northern Arizona. The study aims to identify how healthcare resources have changed during the pandemic and support needs of caregivers.
A team of researchers from Northern Arizona University is studying the unique needs of caregivers of individuals with Alzheimer's Disease and Related Dementias living in northern Arizona. The study aims to identify how health and caregiver support resources have changed during COVID-19 and develop programs that provide support to careg...
Clinic staff prioritize future child welfare and responsible use of public resources when assessing potential parents, limiting access to fertility treatment. The study highlights the need for a discussion on prioritizing assisted reproduction over individual rights.
Researchers found that small and independent stores had fewer resources for place management than large chain stores, making it harder to control neighborhood crime. However, improved law enforcement and manager training may help reduce crime in areas with high density of alcohol sales outlets.
The Hastings Center recommends a triage protocol that prioritizes patients most likely to survive with treatment. However, critics argue that this approach may be biased against people with disabilities, who often face barriers in accessing care. The authors aim to balance life-saving interventions with respect for human dignity.
Recent Australian wildfires highlight the need for new fire, resource, and conservation policies to reduce megafires and alter timber production. Researchers suggest protecting unburnt areas and expanding conservation zones to restore repeatedly damaged ecosystems.
The COVID-19 pandemic has raised concerns about the allocation of healthcare resources in the UK. Dr Sabrina Germain argues that the liberal egalitarian conception of distributive justice is being replaced by a utilitarian approach prioritizing patients' needs. The NHS will need to address delays in treatment and reassess public health...
Researchers developed an online tool to estimate the maximum number of COVID-19 cases manageable per day within a healthcare system's resources. The article also discusses pandemic surge models and their usefulness in public health decision-making during the pandemic.
A 16-year study in Papua New Guinea found that rotational fisheries closures increased fish biomass and improved catchability. Socially cohesive leadership and high levels of policy compliance were key factors in implementing the system.
A new healthcare framework aims to improve diagnosis and treatment of age-related diseases by classifying and staging severity. The framework, developed by an international team of experts, includes a comprehensive classification system for aging-related diseases in all organs.
A new study recommends updating the 'Nearest Relative' criteria under the Mental Health Act to provide patients with greater choice about who represents them. The current system often leads to challenges in balancing patient rights and relative involvement, highlighting the need for advanced choice documents.
A new tool, HWISE Scale, measures household water insecurity in low- and middle-income countries. It provides actionable information to address the global water crisis, strongly associated with food insecurity, stress, and economic productivity.
A new study published in Health Affairs finds that a veteran-directed care program with flexible budgets for at-home caregivers is as effective as other purchased-care services. The program allows veterans to hire personal care workers or family members as paid caregivers, enabling them to live at home. Researchers found similar hospit...
A new study by University of Michigan researchers found that LGBT employees report worse job experiences, less respect from supervisors, and lower job satisfaction compared to their non-LGBT colleagues. Racial/ethnic minority LGBT respondents also face additional challenges.
Researchers developed a new method using magnetic beads to reduce blood levels of harmful sFlt-1 molecule during preeclampsia, freeing up angiogenic factors. The approach showed promising results in reducing sFlt-1 by 40% and PIGF by up to two times more.
Researchers found that rural-specific resources are not widely used in introducing innovation, but migrants who use pre-existing contacts and build on previous life experiences are most innovative. Policies should support diversification and acknowledge differences within rural communities.
Researchers found that arsenic exposure was associated with thickening of the heart's main pumping chamber and increased risk of cardiovascular disease, particularly in individuals with high blood pressure. The study suggests that reducing arsenic exposure may be able to reverse some changes in heart structure.
Researchers at Stevens Institute of Technology have developed a new encryption system called matchmaking encryption, which allows for secure and private communication. The system uses real-time interactions to verify participants' identities, enabling messages to be sent on a 'dead drop' basis and read at a later date.
A new study from the University of British Columbia found that teenagers prefer harm reduction messaging when discussing substance use, instead of traditional 'don't do drugs' approaches. The study's findings suggest that a non-judgmental approach to talking about substance use can help preserve family relationships and promote youth h...
A new study found that percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) significantly reduced overall mortality in older heart attack patients. The procedure saved lives for 49 young-olds, 53 middle-olds, and 54 old-olds, with a 53% reduction in death among those 75-79 years old.
A novel study creates a new metric to illustrate disadvantaged areas nationwide, highlighting the regions with the highest disparity between opioid-related deaths and access to treatment providers. The study found that nearly 32% of US counties lack any treatment programs, while over 19% have a low number of treatment programs per death.
A Swedish review of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest data shows compression-only CPR increased six-fold and doubled the chance of survival, compared to no CPR. Bystander CPR rates nearly doubled over an 18-year period, with patients receiving standard or hands-only CPR being two times more likely to survive 30 days.
A new study published in Circulation Journal Report found that drinking sugar-sweetened beverages is associated with an increased risk of death from cardiovascular diseases. Replacing sugary drinks with artificially sweetened drinks may also pose a risk, particularly for women.
A study by Portland State University found that employees bullied by their bosses are more likely to report unfairness and work stress, leading to decreased organizational citizenship behavior and increased counterproductive work behavior. The researchers attribute the negative work behaviors to perceptions of injustice or work stress.
Researchers found that collaboration creates a sense of indebtedness, leading people to prioritize the needs of their partner over others. This effect can have problematic implications for ethics, as it may lead to preferential treatment for those who contribute to a cause.
The Societies Consortium on Sexual Harassment in STEMM aims to provide research-based resources for addressing issues of harassment. The consortium's model policies will be developed through contributions from its 53 member organizations.
A study examining EMS response times to motor vehicle crashes found longer response times associated with higher mortality rates, particularly in rural areas. Prolonged response times accounted for nearly 10% of fatalities in rural/wilderness areas and 14% in urban/suburban areas.
A new research model predicts gentrification in US neighborhoods based on people, place, and policy factors. The study finds that diversity, access to jobs, and housing quality are key predictors of gentrification, highlighting the role of urban planners in shaping neighborhood change.
A new study finds that sudden, unpredictable drops in personal income during young adulthood are associated with a significantly increased risk of developing heart disease and/or dying from any cause. The researchers found that women and African-Americans were more likely to experience high income volatility and income drops.
A machine-learning approach predicts plant species at risk of extinction using open-source data for over 150,000 land plant species. The approach identifies variables predicting extinction risk and calculates probability of a species being designated as endangered.
Researchers investigate methods to improve science communication, including conveying uncertainty in policy analysis and large-scale social challenges. The study highlights the importance of addressing misinformation and faulty communication in fostering public trust in the scientific enterprise.
A new study by Bocconi University's Gianmarco Ottaviano and colleagues identifies resource misallocation as a major cause of the productivity slowdown. Misallocation is stronger within industries and geographical areas, making it essential to implement policies promoting reallocation from less productive to more productive firms.
Researchers found that people who weighed themselves daily or almost daily had a significant weight loss of 1.7 percent in 12 months, while those who never used at-home scales did not lose weight. Daily weighing may increase awareness of behavior changes affecting weight loss.
A new study suggests that individual perceptions of safety and school quality play critical roles in how people define their communities. Researchers found that zip code remains the biggest predictor, but other factors have predictive power, especially for whites and Hispanics. The findings highlight the importance of considering lived...
A new framework proposes a logical and transparent approach to allocate limited resources for conservation and recovery efforts. This approach aims to identify the most important objectives and allocate funds efficiently, leading to greater confidence in funding agencies and partners.
Researchers at UCSB and the University of Oregon discovered that efforts to close off fishing in marine reserves paradoxically led to more fishing, exacerbating habitat degradation. The preemptive behavior was equivalent to 1.5 years of avoided fishing following the ban.
A customized policy approach is needed to address the issues with fisheries management, including the perpetuation of panacea mindset and its effects on fish stocks and communities. The researchers propose an institutional diagnostics toolkit to challenge biases and develop informed policies.
The article reviews airline policies and procedures to help physicians manage in-flight medical emergencies. Key findings include the top five causes of medical emergencies, which are lightheadedness/loss of consciousness, respiratory symptoms, nausea or vomiting, cardiac symptoms, and seizures.