A study by Ohio State University found that older adults with alcohol dependence problems drink significantly more than their younger counterparts. On average, those over 60 have 40 or more drinks per week, compared to 25-35 drinks for younger age groups with similar problems.
A novel K-anonymity algorithm ensures patient confidentiality in health records, facilitating access to a larger number of records. This method safeguards against biases introduced by individual consent requirements in health research.
Beta-blockers targeting both alpha- and beta-receptors offer the most benefit to cardiac patients, while those targeting only beta-receptors can harm the heart's structure and function.
A simple blood test can help optimize the timing of breast MRI exams in premenopausal women with irregular cycles, reducing non-diagnostic tests and repeat scans. Researchers found that a blood test to determine serum progesterone concentration can aid in optimal timing.
A study published in American Journal of Roentgenology found that chest ultrasound is a viable alternative to chest CT for evaluating pediatric patients with complicated pneumonia. The study suggests using chest radiography and ultrasound as initial evaluations, with CT reserved for cases where ultrasound is technically difficult or di...
Researchers from UC San Diego used a systems biology approach to determine how core biochemical pathways are altered in skeletal muscle cells and fat cells in people with insulin resistance. The study found that common drugs for treating insulin resistance, such as TZDs, alter these pathways, leading to improved drug therapies.
A study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that short-term follow-up is an acceptable alternative to invasive biopsy for women with palpable breast lesions showing benign imaging features. The study included 320 women with 375 masses and showed a low prevalence of breast cancer.
Scientists have successfully generated long chains of RNA molecules in water, shedding light on the earliest evolutionary steps in biological molecule formation. The study found that cyclic nucleotides can merge together to form polymers over 100 nucleotides long at temperatures similar to ancient Earth.
Researchers found PAHs in house dust near coal-tar-based sealcoat and used spiders as sentinels for contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. African dust carried persistent organic contaminants and metals across the ocean affecting native species. Scientists also explored using pheromones to control invasive Asian carp.
Researchers introduced a single bacterial gene into yeast to improve bioethanol production from agricultural waste, increasing ethanol yields while eliminating major byproducts glycerol and acetate. The innovation addresses second-generation bioethanol challenges, enabling more efficient and sustainable production.
Scientists are using various imaging techniques, including MRI and CT scans, to study chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and develop a better understanding of the disease. The research aims to categorize COPD patients into two major groups based on airway dysfunction and lung tissue damage.
Researchers found that adding a genetic sonogram to non-invasive prenatal screening increases the detection rate of Down syndrome by up to 98%, while decreasing false positive rates. This maximizes the capacity for noninvasive detection with currently available technology.
NJIT researchers are awarded nearly $4.3 million in NSF funding to improve the Big Bear Solar Observatory and study various aspects of solar energy, including its impact on terrestrial telecommunications and power systems.
Researchers discovered a new antioxidant system that shields single cysteine residues from oxidative harm, reducing cancer and heart disease risk
Researchers will study the entire power plant system to identify opportunities for energy and cost savings in carbon capture and compression. The goal is to recover heat generated during compression and use it to improve power plant efficiency.
Scientists have identified a gene, AEG-1, that plays a pivotal role in two processes essential for tumor development, growth, and progression to metastasis. The gene's expression is involved in oncogenic transformation and angiogenesis, critical steps for tumor progression.
The European Society of Cardiology will hold a Joint Scientific Forum on optimal diabetes management in Beijing, Shanghai, and Guangzhou. Experts will explore the link between diabetes and heart disease, and discuss treatment strategies for Asian patients.
Researchers developed an Android app called PowerTutor to help users compare the power consumption of different applications. The app provides real-time information on how phone components use power, enabling users to make informed decisions about their device's energy efficiency.
Researchers found a direct connection between childhood psychological trauma and accelerated reduction in telomere size, which promotes cellular stability. Telomeres typically shorten with age, but the study shows that childhood abuse can accelerate this process.
Researchers have discovered how a 'genetic symphony' of genes affects plant development, enabling potential disease resistance and increased yields. The study found that combining different ACS genes regulates ethylene production, which impacts various aspects of plant growth.
A large-scale genetic analysis of 17,296 women identified 43 genetic loci contributing to lipoprotein metabolism, providing new insights into the molecular basis of cardiovascular disease. The study also quantifies the contribution of common genetic variation to plasma lipoprotein concentrations.
The editorial highlights exaggerated fears and hopes in media coverage of cancer research, such as uncontrolled study results and unwarranted fear from studies. Journalists can alleviate this problem by asking the right questions, highlighting study limitations, and providing data to support claims.
A study found that nearly 40% of children with chronic kidney disease have masked hypertension, which increases the risk of heart problems. Children with masked hypertension are four times more likely to develop left ventricular hypertrophy, a common consequence of untreated hypertension.
Researchers at Helmholtz Munich have discovered Th22 cells, a previously unknown subset of T helper cells that aid in tissue repair and prevent inflammation. The newly found cells hold promise for developing new treatment methods for inflammatory skin diseases and potentially also allergic respiratory diseases.
Scientists identified two new pathways for the breakdown of 4-Hydroxybutyrate (4-HB), a brain chemical used as a date-rape drug. This discovery could lead to the development of new treatments for victims of sexual assault and those with a rare genetic disorder that causes 4-HB accumulation.
A new medical imaging technique called dynamic MRI has been found to identify pelvic organ prolapse in women with lower urinary tract symptoms. The condition can go undiagnosed due to its lack of symptoms at rest, but becomes apparent when the patient strains.
The University of Oklahoma's ACGT group has received a $7.5 million grant from the NSF for plant genomics research, focusing on the Heinz 1703 tomato genome. The project aims to improve crop yields and quality of life by understanding the chemical makeup of tomatoes.
A new study published in the American Journal of Roentgenology found that combining triple-drug TACE with a liver transplant significantly increased long-term survival rates for patients with unresectable liver cancer. The median survival time for patients who underwent the procedure was over 112 months.
Researchers found that flax can produce up to 0.3 kg of ethanol per kg of dry biomass, but its overall environmental impact is lower than Brassica carinata. Bioethanol from these sources can help mitigate climate change and reduce greenhouse gases.
The study found that real-time audio-feedback during EMS prehospital care improved clinical outcomes by better aligning CPR with AHA guidelines. However, it did not significantly impact survival to discharge or return of spontaneous circulation rates.
A new study has found that long-duration exposure to formaldehyde used in embalming practices is associated with an increased risk of death from myeloid leukemia. The study, published in the Journal of the National Cancer Institute, also found no associations with other lymphohematopoietic malignancies.
A questionnaire study by Tufts University found that half of barn workers experience coughs or other respiratory ailments, with higher exposure linked to increased symptoms. The study's results suggest poor air quality in horse barns may affect human health, particularly among equine industry workers.
The QPACE supercomputer is the world's most energy-efficient supercomputer, developed by a German academic consortium and IBM. It uses a novel concept of connecting processors by a network of programmable units to achieve high performance and scalability.
A study funded by NIMH found that a combination of medication and structured parent training significantly reduced serious behavioral problems in children with autism. The treatment protocol showed greater benefits compared to medication alone, including a lower dose of medication needed for symptom control.
A study published in the Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry found that over-reactive parenting can increase aggressive behavior in introverted children, while benevolent and conscientious children are less affected. The study also showed that rule-breaking behavior tends to persist into adolescence.
A pivotal study has shown that PSD502 delays ejaculatory latency and improves sexual satisfaction in men with premature ejaculation. The treatment, a proprietary formulation of lidocaine and prilocaine, was well-tolerated and produced significant improvements in patient-reported outcomes.
Researchers Arnie Miller and Michael Foote analyzed fossil data from epicontinental seas and open-ocean-facing coastlines during three 'Big Five' mass extinction events. They found higher extinction rates in open-ocean settings, indicating these environments were more susceptible to mass-extinction-causing agents.
Researchers at the University of Washington successfully used exome sequencing to identify a previously unknown gene responsible for Miller syndrome, a mendelian disorder. This breakthrough study demonstrates the efficiency and potential of this strategy in discovering the genetic basis of rare diseases, which could lead to new therapies.
Pediatric immunologist Dr. Jordan Orange received the American Philosophical Society's Judson Daland Prize for his contributions to researching and treating inherited immune deficiency diseases. His work focuses on natural killer cells, which have an inherent ability to destroy cancer or virus-infected cells.
Researchers developed sugar-coated polymer strands that selectively kill off cells involved in triggering aggressive allergy and asthma attacks. The treatment targets specific immune cells, showing promise as a new weapon against life-endangering conditions.
A new study found that cigarettes are contaminated with numerous human bacterial pathogens, including Acinetobacter, Bacillus, Burkholderia, Clostridium, Klebsiella, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. These bacteria may contribute to both infectious and chronic illnesses in smokers and secondhand smoke exposed individuals.
Researchers found that sounds presented during naps could guide rehearsal of specific information, strengthening spatial memories. The study suggests that deep sleep is a key time for memory processing, challenging the idea that memories are only processed during REM sleep.
A new study published in Science has found that a specific gene associated with schizophrenia plays a critical role in adaptive plasticity, the brain's ability to compensate for disruptions. The discovery suggests that impaired adaptive plasticity may contribute to the development or progression of schizophrenia.
Five ancient crocs, including BoarCroc and DuckCroc, have been discovered in the Sahara with unique features such as armored snouts and broad forebrains. The discovery provides insight into a previously unknown world of crocodilians that inhabited Gondwana 100 million years ago.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine studied 575 patients who underwent surgery and found no evidence of long-term cognitive decline. The study suggests that if older adults physically recover from surgery, they will return to their previous level of cognitive ability within six months or a year.
Researchers found search engines are used for fact-checking and supporting higher-level information needs, revealing a more complex role in learning. Their study suggests design improvements for search engines can better address users' cognitive and affective aspects.
Researchers have confirmed Homo floresiensis as a distinct species using statistical analysis on skeletal remains, rejecting the theory that it was a diseased sub-population of healthy humans. The study reveals unique anatomy that differs from modern humans and other primate species.
A mathematical model explains how male mosquitoes can hear the faintest beats of a female's wings while resisting loud noises. The model reveals that scolopidia located toward the tip of Johnston's organ contribute to mechanical amplification.
Researchers found that children whose mothers had more depressive symptoms experienced more frequent asthma symptoms, while those with fewer depressive symptoms had less frequent symptoms. The study suggests maternal depression is an independent risk factor for childhood asthma symptoms.
A team of researchers at Worcester Polytechnic Institute has developed a new model system to study fungal infections. The system can be used to identify promising targets for anti-fungal drugs, potentially leading to effective treatments for conditions like thrush and athlete's foot.
A study led by University of Wisconsin-Madison researchers reveals that the decline of iconic ice age animals like mammoths and mastodons preceded a dramatic shift in North America's plant communities, fueled by wildfires. The research sheds light on the dynamics of extinction and its impact on landscapes.
The PLoS Genetics special collection presents groundbreaking research on maize genome architecture, revealing new insights into centromeres, transposons, microRNAs, and more. The studies also explore the role of copy number variation and presence/absence variation in shaping maize phenotypes.
Researchers have discovered genetic clues that enable scientists to tailor corn plants for specific traits, such as high protein content for human consumption or high glucose content for biomass fuel. The findings could lead to higher yield or improved quality crops with reduced environmental impact.
Researchers at UAB have discovered the genetic identity of a cellular receptor for the immune system's first-response antibody, shedding light on infection control and immune disorders. The discovery proposes renaming the gene linked to this receptor to better describe its role in early immune responses.
The Dana Foundation's new book Neuroeducation: Learning, Arts, and the Brain focuses on the intersection of cognitive neuroscience and education. The book explores ways to integrate arts into learning, citing challenges and potential solutions from education experts.
Researchers have identified and characterized new antioxidant compounds in foods like olive oil, honey, and walnuts. These phenolic compounds have high antioxidant power and influence the organoleptic properties of food, potentially preventing diseases such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Leaf-cutter ants cultivate fungus for food and depend on nitrogen-fixing bacteria to make their gardens grow. The partnership between ant and microbe permits leaf-cutters to be amazingly successful.
Researchers found that car brake particles can cause cellular stress and inflammation in lung cells, particularly with heavy braking. Brake wear particles contain metals like iron and copper, which can damage cell junctions through oxidative stress.
A study found that Brief Motivational Interviewing (BMI) was more effective in reducing risky drinking among drivers with alcohol problems. The intervention led to significant declines in risky drinking and longer-lasting reductions compared to a control intervention.
A new trial study in Tomsk, Russia aims to integrate alcohol screening, treatment and referral into routine tuberculosis care. The study assesses the feasibility of delivering pharmacotherapy and behavioral treatments for alcohol use disorders alongside TB treatment, with promising results.