Research reveals that adolescent binge drinking can disrupt the brain's ability to form short-term memories, affecting the prefrontal cortex and behavior-management abilities. This link may help scientists develop better treatments for alcohol-related negative effects on the brain.
A QUT-led project, funded by the Australian Research Council, is developing 'on-demand visible light degradable dental materials' to enable removal of bonded material without mechanical force. This innovation could make dental visits less painful and allow for more flexible dental applications.
Researchers successfully restored cartilage tissue and eliminated pain syndrome in a patient using cell technology-based regenerative medicine. This treatment promises to prolong the lives of natural joints by addressing limited regenerative potential of knee cartilage injuries.
Maureen Dubreuil, a BU researcher, has been recognized for her outstanding contributions to the field of spondyloarthritis. Her work focuses on comorbidities and pharmacoepidemiology of spondyloarthritis, with a particular emphasis on heart disease and patient preferences for treatments.
A new study by Dickinson College researchers found that estradiol, a naturally occurring female sex hormone, can contribute to anxiety-like behavior in mice withdrawing from methamphetamine. This suggests the hormone may exacerbate drug relapse in women by worsening anxiety-related symptoms during withdrawal.
Following China's July 2014 deadline, coal-fired plant emissions declined significantly as measured by on-the-ground and satellite monitoring. The strongest correlation was found in regions with the least aggressive new standards.
Researchers at UCSF improve mobility in rats with debilitating strokes by using electrical stimulation to restore brain cell activity associated with efficient movement. The study suggests potential for brain implants to treat stroke patients and offers a new alternative to physical therapy.
ASU scientists found that slow earthquakes on the central section of the San Andreas Fault release energy over months, triggering large destructive quakes in their surroundings. The research suggests that seismic hazard in California varies over time and is higher than previously thought.
A new study examines the effect of HPV vaccine on a population level, finding a significant reduction in severe dysplasia. The vaccine has been shown to work effectively in reducing cervical cancer risk, with a 40% lower incidence rate compared to unvaccinated women.
Researchers are exploring the benefits of brain training and lifestyle interventions to prevent dementia. Studies show that mentally stimulating careers and hobbies can lower cognitive decline risk. A combined diet and exercise intervention may also improve memory and thinking skills, while protecting against brain damage.
Researchers developed a new ultrasound technology, time-harmonic elastography, to diagnose liver fibrosis in obese adolescents without invasive biopsies. The technology accurately distinguishes between patients with no or mild fibrosis and those with moderate or advanced fibrosis.
Scientists discovered genetic causes of a group of related infant cancers that are targetable by existing drugs used to treat lung cancer and melanoma. Researchers identified mutations in the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR) and BRAF genes, which can be treated with afatinib and other targeted agents.
A new approach in VR redirected walking leverages eye blinks to provide users with a realistic perception of infinite space. The technique, developed by computer scientists, involves redirecting the user's viewpoint during natural instances of eye blinking, without undetectable camera movements.
Researchers found that adult female great white sharks spend more time in warm-water eddies than cold-water eddies, particularly at depths of 450 meters. These preferences may be driven by the abundance of fish and squid in the warmer eddies.
A team of MIT engineers has developed a way to improve the survival time for divers in frigid water by up to three times, using a combination of a blubber-like insulating material and trapped pockets of gas. The new wetsuit treatment uses heavy inert gases like xenon or krypton to reduce heat loss from the body.
Researchers found that a weight loss of 20% or more leads to improved physical health-related quality of life, reduced pain, and better function. Additionally, this significant weight loss results in an additional 25% reduction in pain compared to a 10-19.9% weight loss.
Researchers at the University of Leicester developed a new method to determine the effectiveness of the Men B vaccine against various meningococcal strains. The approach directly tests blood samples from patients with meningococcal disease, allowing for more accurate assessments of vaccine protection.
Tropical Depression Carlotta has powerful storms in fragmented thunderstorms over mainland Mexico and the Eastern Pacific Ocean, with cloud top temperatures as cold as minus 70 degrees Fahrenheit. The National Hurricane Center forecasts heavy rainfall and life-threatening flash floods, especially in areas of higher terrain.
Researchers at FAU and Charité hospital in Berlin will conduct studies on immune-epithelial communication in IBD. They aim to develop medication targeting bowel inflammation and improve treatment outcomes.
A study reanalyzes ages of human remains found at the Anzick site in Montana, resolving a previously discovered discrepancy between Clovis artifacts and human remains. The analysis suggests that Anzick may be the only known example of burial in the Clovis culture.
A KAIST research team developed a low-cost production technology for thin-film blue flexible vertical micro LEDs, achieving three times higher optical power density and longer device lifetime than lateral micro LEDs. This innovation enables the widespread adoption of micro LEDs in mobile and TV displays.
Researchers developed a technique using gold nanoparticles to trigger unfolding of 3D structures in shape memory polymers. The polymer unfolds when exposed to specific wavelengths of light, offering flexibility and tunable optical properties.
Researchers found that a protein called NS2B3 cleaves the STING protein in humans, but not in mice, allowing ZIKV to replicate. This study provides a molecular basis for the virus's restricted host tropism and may aid in developing novel drug and vaccine candidates.
The CRISPR Journal announces its third issue with novel techniques for long DNA delivery, correction of recessive genetic defects using endogenous repair, base editing quantification software, leveling the CRISPR playing field through accessible plasmid repositories, and insights into CRISPR's future by Editor-in-Chief Rodolphe Barrangou
Researchers at Los Alamos National Laboratory have developed carbon nanotube optics for optical-based quantum cryptography and quantum computing. The team's work involves integrating nanotubes into photonic cavities to manipulate light-emission properties and creating single-photon emitters for quantum info-processing.
A new study from the Keck School of Medicine of USC shows that African-Americans and Latinos who are diagnosed with diabetes after age 50 are at increased risk of developing pancreatic cancer. Late-onset diabetes may be an early sign of pancreatic cancer, providing a potential opportunity for screening.
A team of researchers has found that plant dispersal ability is linked to their life cycles, with faster life histories resulting in greater seed dispersal distances. This understanding can inform our knowledge of global changes and landscape fragmentation's impact on biodiversity.
Researchers used whole exome sequencing and whole genome sequencing to detect genetic causes of neonatal death in unexplained cases. The study found a genetic cause in 23% of prospective cohort samples and strong candidates in 18% of retrospective cohort samples.
Researchers at Joslin Diabetes Center found that gut microbes contribute to signs of negative feelings and brain chemistry in obese mice. Antibiotics reversed these behaviors, demonstrating a significant link between the microbiome and mental health outcomes.
The €115 million AIMS-2-Trials grant aims to understand autism, develop personalized therapies, and improve quality of life for autistic individuals. It will create a European clinical trials network and partner with charities, governments, and industry to rapidly determine therapy effectiveness.
Researchers have developed a new analytic method, Time Population Structure (TPS), to date ancient DNA by predicting time based on DNA mutations. TPS has shown results similar to traditional radiocarbon dating, with an average difference of 800 years in age predictions for samples up to 45,000 years old.
Professor Lee recognized for his work on metabolic engineering to develop sustainable chemical materials, with notable research in drug-drug and food interactions using AI and novel enzymes. He is the second Asian recipient of the prestigious award, honoring Professor Peter V. Danckwerts.
Benjamin A.Garcia, a renowned biochemist at the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, has been awarded the Biemann Medal for his groundbreaking work in mass spectrometry analysis techniques. His research focuses on detecting proteins and biomarkers to study disease mechanisms and develop targeted therapies.
A team of scientists has discovered a critical plant gene that deviates from its anticipated function to regulate lignin production. The gene, which produces an amino acid, was found to enter the nucleus and act as a DNA-binding regulator of gene expression.
Research suggests that the land-based portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet has remained stable for the past 8 million years, with minimal retreat in response to current carbon dioxide levels. However, the team warns that increasing atmospheric emissions could destabilize the ice sheet and contribute to sea level rise.
Researchers found that PIM-2 kinase negatively regulates T cell responses, while PIM-1 and PIM-3 positively regulate them. Inhibiting PIM-2 accelerated graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) in allogeneic bone marrow transplant, but also produced robust tumor immunity.
A study suggests that rates of depression and anxiety in early RA patients correlate with measures of disease activity, particularly inflammation. Depression scores were significantly associated with inflammatory markers like c-reactive protein, while anxiety scores were linked to female gender, younger age, and low body mass index.
The article surveys the landscape of lead discovery tactics, explaining how researchers are combining different approaches to achieve success. The toolbox of approaches is evolving as new science emerges, including complex cellular models and computational techniques.
Whole genome sequencing (WGS) has the potential to provide early diagnoses for neonates with genetic disorders, leading to changes in medical care and reduced healthcare costs. In a study of over 340 patients, rWGS yielded a diagnosis in 34% of cases, with significant changes in management observed in 67% of those diagnosed.
A new study by the University of Florida Health found that Florida's obesity rate is nearly 10 percentage points higher than initially reported, at 37.1%. The study analyzed data from over 1.3 million adults and found significant geographic variation in obesity rates across the state.
A study found significantly higher gum disease prevalence in at-risk RA individuals compared to healthy controls. Increased abundance of bacteria, particularly Porphyromonas gingivalis, was also detected in at-risk individuals.
A 23-year follow-up study suggests early, intensive treatment of rheumatoid arthritis can lead to long-term benefits, including normalization of mortality rates. The study found that patients treated with a combination of medications had lower mortality rates compared to those treated with a single medication.
A new method for evaluating pore geometry heterogeneity has been introduced based on persistent homology theory. The method was applied to four types of rocks with different pore structures, resulting in accurate estimates of rock heterogeneity and physical properties such as permeability and elasticity.
Two studies provide insight into molecular changes prior to arthritis onset, identifying gene signatures associated with disease development. Researchers found that specific autoantibodies and B-cell receptor clones can predict imminent onset of rheumatoid arthritis in at-risk individuals.
Researcher Phillip Owens aims to find better treatments for heart disease by studying PAR2 receptor's role in atherosclerosis. High cholesterol significantly increases risk of arterial thrombosis through modification of coagulation proteins.
A new climate study argues that economic optimization alone is insufficient to avoid the tipping point of critical Earth system elements. The concept of profit maximization can lead to outcomes that harm people or the environment, even with discounted future costs.
Researchers have successfully controlled excitonic effects in two-dimensional van der Waals heterostructures, a crucial step towards creating electronics with more controlled properties. The breakthrough allows for the creation of unique new materials for solar panels and electronics.
A two-year study found that zoledronic acid did not reduce knee pain or bone marrow lesion size in patients with osteoarthritis. However, it showed symptomatic benefit in those with milder disease. The study's results may suggest a potential role for zoledronic acid in relieving symptoms in patients with mild osteoarthritis.
To correct for degradation, NASA launches calibration sounding rockets carrying a copy of the EVE instrument to approximately 180 miles above Earth. These measurements are compared to those from the degraded satellite, allowing Woods' team to correct for discrepancies and maintain accurate EUV light measurements.
Conjugated polymers have been studied for their electrical conductivity, but determining their structure was challenging. A new technique developed by the University of Warwick has produced high-resolution images of their structure, revealing gaps and defects in an ABBA pattern.
Researchers developed a new technique to generate an intense, nanoscale antenna that can detect single biomolecules by harnessing polaritons. The antennas concentrate light in small volumes, increasing its intensity and creating optical fields strong enough to exert force on nearby particles.
Researchers have used mass spectrometry to study proteins expressed by human cancer cells, identifying new potential therapeutic options for patients with exhausted clinical options. The advance allows for the quantitation of thousands of tumour proteins over several hours.
The study highlights the devastating impact of human activities on primate populations, with up to 78% decline in their habitats by the end of the century. The authors recommend extending protected areas, reforestation, and promoting sustainable farming practices to conserve primates.
Holistic thinking patterns can make consumers more susceptible to advertisements for unhealthy foods. In experiments, holistic thinkers showed increased cravings and desire to buy unhealthy food options when viewed with context. Researchers hope their findings can inform strategies to help countries battling obesity epidemics.
Researchers from the University of Missouri developed a system that improves rainfall forecast accuracy by considering evaporation. This method uses dual-polarization radar to track raindrops and a model assessing atmospheric humidity, resulting in more accurate forecasts for locations 30 miles or more from National Weather Service radar.
Researchers at Purdue University identified a new compound F6 that is as effective as FDA-approved antibiotics against life-threatening infections. Preliminary tests showed it was less susceptible to bacterial resistance. The compound has been tested against various antibiotic-resistant pathogens, including MRSA and VRSA.
Scientists have discovered a new 'teleconnection' that predicts winter rainfall in California by analyzing sea surface temperatures in New Zealand during the summer. This discovery allows for more accurate precipitation predictions and has implications for drought forecasting and regional ecosystem management.
Researchers create a blend of essential oil and diesel to reduce emissions by 10%, while increasing fuel consumption slightly. The study found that the combination could be used in agricultural vehicles, potentially replacing all-diesel fuels.
Two studies presented at EULAR 2018 found that sleep problems predict the onset of chronic widespread pain and are associated with chronic pain in adolescents. Sleep difficulties, fatigue, and anxiety were identified as key predictors of chronic pain.
Research suggests that non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) play a causal role in the cardiovascular risk of patients with osteoarthritis. A study found that over two-thirds of the increased cardiovascular risk associated with osteoarthritis is linked to NSAID use, particularly for congestive heart failure and ischemic heart ...