A study by UCSF and Mayo Clinic found that automated breast-density evaluation is as accurate as subjective evaluation done by radiologists in predicting breast cancer risk. Women with dense breasts are more likely to be diagnosed with advanced-stage breast cancers.
Researchers connected microscopic theories to the world's largest granular material, a glacial ice mélange, to understand its dynamics and impact on glaciers. The study provides quantitative tools for glaciologists modeling ice shelves with ice mélanges.
Researchers found that reef fish inherit epigenetic changes from their parents, enabling them to cope with warmer ocean temperatures. This adaptation may provide a buffer against the impacts of climate change and allow for genetic adaptation over time.
Chronic dizziness can be a symptom of psychiatric disorders such as anxiety, with up to 15% of patients affected. A whole-person approach addressing both mental and physical health is crucial in diagnosis and treatment.
A study by the American College of Cardiology found that women are underrepresented in cardiovascular trials, with proportions ranging from 22-81% compared to disease populations. Researchers emphasize the need for better representation to determine potential gender differences in treatment responses.
Researchers created a biomimetic surface that simulates antigen-presenting cell features and found that precise ligand spacing is crucial for T-cell triggering. The study sheds light on the role of CD45 exclusion in receptor activation, offering new insights into T-cell stimulation.
A new study found that smoking and alcohol consumption significantly increase the lifetime risk of atrial fibrillation, with risk factors at age 55 rising to 38%. An optimal risk factor profile was associated with a reduced lifetime risk of 23%, highlighting the importance of modifiable borderline and elevated risk factors in prevention.
A new NYU Steinhardt School study reveals that providing free children's books in low-income neighborhoods combined with supportive adults enhances literacy skills and learning opportunities. The innovative book distribution program, funded by JetBlue, distributed over 64,000 books to more than 26,000 unique users.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered that superhydrophobic materials can boil water efficiently when air and vapor are removed from the system. This breakthrough enables highly effective boiling, allowing for improved cooling of high-power electronics and enhancing thermal management technologies.
A new dynamic model proposes a seasonal control strategy with ceria particles to buffer the effect of solar radiation variation, enabling continuous hydrogen production. The system can store and release heat as needed, maximizing solar energy utilization and potentially increasing efficiency.
Climate change will increase fire activity and summer droughts in the Klamath region, allowing shrubs to replace trees. As a result, at least 1/3 of iconic cone-bearing trees are expected to be replaced by shrubs over the coming century.
The Scripps Translational Science Institute has received a renewed $34 million funding from the National Institutes of Health to advance individualized medicine through genomic and digital technologies. The institute will form partnerships with other institutions to improve translational research and train future leaders in biomedicine.
A Dartmouth-led research study found that New Hampshire's streams will warm due to climate change, impacting species dependent on cold water. The study suggests that watersheds with colder temperatures and less sensitivity to air temperature changes should be prioritized for conservation.
At 43% vaccine coverage, a low-efficacy vaccine (20% effective) could avert over 20 million infections, 61,000 deaths, and 2.2 million lost DALYs in the US. The optimal strategy involves targeting elderly populations as efficacy decreases.
The International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration aims to improve understanding of global sea-level rise by studying the glacier's past behavior. By analyzing sediment cores and geophysical data, scientists can better predict ice melt and sea-level rise in the future.
A study by Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Broad Institute identified five genetic subtypes of diffuse large B cell lymphoma, which can help predict individual patient outcomes and guide personalized treatment. The analysis revealed clear links between specific genetic signatures and how patients respond to standard treatment.
A team of Yale University scientists has developed a new approach to glycosylation that is remarkably simple and works in water at room temperature. This process can be generalized to create large numbers of different compounds, making it easier to find the best biochemical probes and therapeutics.
A new review paper highlights the global scope of the underwater munitions problem, with over a million tons of intact and corroding munitions littering the Baltic and North Seas. The chemicals released from these munitions pose significant risks to marine ecosystems, including carcinogenic and cyto- and genotoxic effects.
Dr. S. Thomas Carmichael, a UCLA neuroscientist, received the 2018 Bernard Sanberg Memorial Award for Brain Repair from ASNTR for his career-long work in stroke recovery mechanisms. His research has shown that the adult brain can form new connections after stroke and may be critical for plasticity in the recovering brain.
Research found that higher aerobic fitness levels are directly related to lower incidence of 'tip-of-the-tongue' states, a common language failure in older adults. Regular exercise was shown to improve language skills and reduce negative consequences for older adults.
The prototype manganese-hydrogen battery can generate 20 milliwatt hours of electricity and is expected to cost $100 per kilowatt hour. The researchers aim to create an industrial-grade system that can store up to 10,000 times, making it suitable for grid-scale energy storage.
Researchers at NYU and NYU Abu Dhabi will deploy sophisticated equipment to gather data on the Thwaites Glacier's collapse, which could lead to a 10-foot-rise in sea levels. The project aims to provide robust projections of sea level change over the present century.
A UMD researcher has discovered mechanisms dictating germline stem cell development and epigenetic markers associated with diseases such as cancers, viral infections, and male infertility. These findings provide insight into treatments for these conditions and unlock future animal and human health research.
The Thwaites glacier, part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, is under study due to its potential impact on sea levels. Researchers will use radar and seismic sensing to investigate the glacier's response over decades and centuries.
Researchers at UCR have made a significant breakthrough in understanding the molecular mechanism of huanglongbing, a devastating citrus disease that costs billions worldwide. The team discovered that a bacterial protein called SDE1 helps infect plants by attacking specific proteases that could help trees resist infection.
A new study found that curiosity is a significant factor in determining academic achievement, with curious children performing similarly to their higher-income peers. This research has implications for families, educators, and policymakers looking to address the achievement gap.
Researchers evaluated aquaculture feed and land use requirements in a simulation-based study, finding that future aquaculture production needs to be four times higher than current levels. An aquaculture-dominant diet reduces feed-crop requirements and land use compared to meat-based agriculture.
A study of 89 women with epilepsy and 108 without found that women with epilepsy had a similar likelihood of becoming pregnant, achieving live births, and experiencing low miscarriage rates. The research suggests that biological and social factors may contribute to previous findings of lower birth rates among women with epilepsy.
Mandatory public reporting in Massachusetts leads to better patient outcomes due to salutary effects and stricter quality control. However, the role of risk aversion remains inconclusive.
A new study from Oregon State University found that people living closer to fracking sites are more familiar with and supportive of hydraulic fracturing. The researchers used geo-spatial mapping and survey results to determine residents' proximity to fracking sites and their public opinion on the practice.
Researchers discovered changes in tiny blood vessels linked to cognitive symptoms in patients with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs). The study may lead to tailored therapies by pinpointing specific types of TBIs.
Researchers at ASRC have developed nanomaterials with the ability to mimic some behaviors normally associated with living matter. The materials can be directed to conduct electrical signals and exhibit dynamic properties, such as self-assembling and disassembling in response to chemical signals.
Researchers tracked Egyptian vultures along the Red Sea Flyway, revealing key migratory bird corridors and bottlenecks. The study highlights a major research gap in conservation efforts for this endangered species.
Researchers found that phytoplankton in Arctic coastal waters are resilient to ocean acidification and temperature changes, with some species producing spores that can survive and initiate blooms. This adaptation allows them to thrive in highly variable conditions, providing a vital ecosystem service for Arctic food webs.
A new paper by Arman Grigoryan attributes Armenia's stalled democratization to the Nagorno-Karabagh conflict and subsequent political processes. The conflict undermined liberal aspirations and empowered a military establishment, leading to the failure of Armenia's transition.
A new study published in Arthritis Care & Research reveals that severe obesity is linked to faster progression of disability in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Intentional weight loss may help prevent worsening disability, but unintentional weight loss can be a poor prognostic sign.
Researchers at UC Berkeley are developing a technology to read and write neural activity, enabling them to stimulate specific sets of neurons to simulate sensory experiences. The goal is to replace lost sensations after peripheral nerve damage or control prosthetic limbs, with potential applications in treating neurological disorders.
A study found that starting tackle football before age 12 can lead to earlier onset of cognitive, behavior, and mood symptoms in athletes diagnosed with CTE. The average onset was 13 years earlier than expected. Participants were compared to those who started playing later.
Health insurance coverage gains were associated with all major racial groups following the Affordable Care Act, eliminating disparities between whites and Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians and Pacific Islanders. The study highlights the importance of addressing coverage gaps for diverse populations.
A newly discovered water beetle was given the name Grouvellinus leonardodicaprioi in honor of Leonardo DiCaprio's environmental work. The beetle was found by citizen scientists during a Taxon Expedition in Malaysian Borneo, with the expedition marking the 20th anniversary of DiCaprio's foundation.
A new study suggests that ISIL activity was not funded by oil as previously thought. The research used remote sensing technology to estimate oil production in areas controlled by the group, finding that production quickly fell after expansion.
A large UK cohort study found that eating oily fish and legumes was associated with a later onset of menopause, while consuming refined pasta and rice was linked to an earlier start. The study's findings could have implications for women's health and wellbeing.
NASA's Aqua satellite captured images of Tropical Cyclone Flamboyan, revealing northwesterly wind shear pushing the storm southeast. The coldest cloud tops were highest in the atmosphere, indicating strong storms capable of producing heavy rainfall.
Researchers at UMass Amherst have identified a new molecular mechanism explaining the link between obesity and increased risk of colon inflammation, a major risk factor for colorectal cancer. Inhibiting an enzyme called soluble epoxide hydrolase may abolish this risk, suggesting a potential treatment for obesity-induced colonic inflamm...
Scientists at Brookhaven National Laboratory uncover how membrane proteins organize three enzymes involved in building lignin, a crucial cell-wall component. The discovery sheds light on the metabolic pathway channeling carbon into lignin precursors, potentially leading to new ways to promote carbon storage or biofuel production.
Researchers at the University of Michigan are developing a pill that makes tumors light up when exposed to infrared light, offering a potential alternative to mammograms. The pill uses a dye that responds to infrared light to tag tumor cells, allowing physicians to better distinguish malignant from benign tumors.
MIT researchers have developed a new MRI sensor that can detect direct signals of neural activity by tracking calcium ions, allowing for more precise mapping of brain function. The sensor can detect subtle changes in calcium concentrations outside of cells and respond in a way that can be detected with MRI.
A team of researchers at MIT analyzed four different solar cell technologies and found that the most efficient but expensive panels were the best option for residential systems in dry locations. However, for utility-scale installations or in wetter climates, less efficient but cheaper panels are more economical.
A study of recent geomagnetic excursion events found no resemblance between current changes and past reversals, suggesting recovery without extreme event. The research implies the weakened magnetic field will recover, making a reversal unlikely.
A clinical trial found that women with advanced triple-negative breast cancer and BRCA gene faults have better responses to carboplatin, a less toxic alternative to standard treatment docetaxel. The study suggests that genetic testing can guide treatment for this patient group, offering new hope for those with limited treatment options.
Researchers at University of Illinois found geological signs pointing to catastrophic supervolcano eruptions would be detectable hundreds to thousands of years before an eruption. The study suggests that people need not panic, as the precursors to massive eruptions will be long-lasting and far greater than recent seismic activity.
Two new studies will investigate strategies to improve care and outcomes for expectant and new mothers with opioid use disorder. The studies aim to identify the most effective ways to provide optimal care, improving birth outcomes and infant health.
Biochemists and molecular biologists use a new method to label m6A modifications in mRNA, allowing for precise detection using Next Generation Sequencing. The approach enables researchers to analyze the role of m6A modifications in physiological and pathological processes.
A new study by Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health found that the Affordable Care Act (ACA) reduced uninsured rates among Asian Americans, Native Hawaiians, and Pacific Islanders (AANHPIs), narrowing disparities with whites.
Researchers challenged the existing understanding of star formation by observing a distant molecular cloud, W43-MM1, with ALMA. Contrary to previous findings, they discovered an overabundance of massive cores and underrepresentation of less massive cores.
Physicists from TU Dresden and JMU developed a novel approach to measure optical near-fields with significantly less effort. By using biomolecules as a transport system, they can slide extremely small optical nano-probes over a surface, circumventing the diffraction limit.
A diet rich in fish and legumes is associated with a delay of over 3 years in natural menopause, while a high intake of refined carbs like pasta and rice speeds up the process. The study also found that vegetarians and those who eat more fruits and poultry may experience later menopause.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that women with epilepsy have the same fertility rates as those without, contradicting previous myths. The study of 89 women with epilepsy and 108 without found similar rates of pregnancy, miscarriages, and live births.
A researcher at University of Houston is developing a customized motivational interviewing intervention to improve medication adherence among elderly patients with diabetes and high blood pressure. The three-year grant aims to identify barriers to adherence and develop tailored approaches to address them.
A world-first study synthesizes globalization effects on people and planet, revealing increased child labor, environmental degradation, and inequality in developing countries. The research highlights the displacement of wealth-driven consumption into offshore production, compromising the achievements of Sustainable Development Goals.