Researchers have discovered that formate supplementation can prevent most neural tube defects in mice that are resistant to folic acid treatment. The study found that disrupting formate synthesis was linked to the development of these defects, and that providing pregnant mice with extra formate could prevent them. These findings offer ...
A research team developed a more effective variant of an enzyme that can break down polyethylene terephthalate (PET), a common plastic used in bottles. The improved enzyme shows promise in degrading not only PET but also a bio-based substitute, polyethylene furandicarboxylate (PEF).
GTOSat will gather measurements from a highly elliptical Earth orbit and use its instruments to measure high-energy particles in the Van Allen belts, providing new data after the Van Allen Probes mission is over. The Dellingr-X spacecraft bus and its instruments are designed to withstand the hostile environment of the radiation belts.
A team of researchers analyzed effective population size measures to reveal crucial considerations for recovering the southern sea otter population. The findings highlight the importance of accurate estimates to ensure species recovery.
ORNL researchers developed a method to uniquely identify vehicles using roadside sensors and improved predictive Earth system models for plants' heat wave responses. Computational modeling also aided in filling gaps of olefins breakdown and catalyzation process.
Researchers used Blood Vessel-Chip to model and predict thrombosis induced by anti-CD154 monoclonal antibody, demonstrating its potential for safety testing and efficacy assessment. The chip recreated key parameters of thrombosis and provided insights into the mechanisms and biomarkers involved.
Researchers developed a DOTA-conjugated NTR1 antagonist to treat and monitor pancreatic cancer, showing significant tumor growth inhibition in early studies. The novel procedure was well-tolerated by patients, with one experiencing improved symptoms and quality of life.
A new smart home prototype named DRESS helps people with dementia dress themselves through automated assistance, enabling them to maintain independence and dignity. The system uses sensors, image recognition, and guided assistance to track progress during the dressing process.
A new study found that playful boys in third grade are viewed as socially incompetent by their classmates, after being considered popular playmates in earlier grades. Researchers recommend promoting positive teacher-student relationships to encourage children's playful behavior.
Thoughtfully designed content can facilitate parent-child interactions and promote beneficial play, while poorly designed apps can hinder development. Researchers recommend incorporating parental roles and decision-making options into app design.
A study published in Geology suggests that major volcanism led to the late Devonian extinction event, marked by a sharp increase in mercury levels in rocks from Morocco, Germany, and northern Russia. The discovery provides new evidence for the role of volcanism in mass extinctions.
Researchers from Bar-Ilan University have uncovered new evidence supporting the existence of Israel's united monarchy. The findings suggest that the Kingdom extended beyond Jerusalem's immediate surroundings, with a large residence discovered at Tel 'Eton in the Shephelah region dating back to the 10th century BCE.
A review of nearly 300 studies on obesity policies found that natural experiments have strengths, but need better standards. Researchers recommend stronger study designs and standardized reporting methods to identify effective policies.
The Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (PCORI) Board of Governors approved over $20 million for studies using PCORnet to improve care for people with arthritis, blood pressure, depression, and irritable bowel disease. The four projects will foster relationships between researchers and stakeholder partners to support research ...
A massive study of nearly 700,000 English speakers reveals that the optimal years to learn a second language is open until the age of 17.4, challenging standard theoretical accounts of language learning. This finding has significant implications for neuroscience, linguistics, developmental psychology, and public policy.
Researchers discovered naturally occurring hormones 'notum' and 'lipocalin-5' that accelerate fat burning and protect against Type 2 diabetes. Lipocalin-5 also enhances muscle's ability to metabolize nutrients, reducing obesity and diabetes risk. The findings could lead to new drugs for halting obesity and heart disease.
Researchers at UC Riverside have developed a new 1D material that can conduct high current densities, paving the way for nanometer-scale transistors and circuits. The material, zirconium tritelluride, surpasses conventional copper interconnect technology by 50 times.
A new study presented at the AATS Annual Meeting shows that patients with malignant lymph nodes following preoperative therapy were less likely to survive than those with no cancer. The study found a strong association between pathologic nodal response and improved survival, highlighting the need for optimized neoadjuvant strategies.
David Hullender, a UTA professor of mechanical and aerospace engineering, has been recognized as a 2018 Minnie Stevens Piper Professor. He is being honored for his transformative power in inspiring generations of students over 48 years through teaching, mentoring, and instilling self-confidence.
A new study from Florida State University finds that microplastics are present at every loggerhead turtle nesting site in the Northern Gulf of Mexico, with highest concentrations found in dunes where turtles nest. This could alter temperature profiles and jeopardize incubation environments.
A study found that individuals with a DCC gene mutation had reduced connectivity between brain regions involved in reward processing, leading to less impulsive behavior and lower cigarette smoking. The researchers also observed decreased volume in the striatum, a brain region critical for motivation and pleasure.
Scientists analyzed newly resurrected data from Galileo's first flyby of Ganymede, revealing a stormy scene with particles blasted off the moon's icy surface due to incoming plasma rain. The results may hold key insights into why Ganymede's auroras are so bright.
Researchers studying social defeat in broad-horned flour beetles may uncover insights into combat-induced PTSD. A UTA graduate student hopes her research could shed light on the molecular mechanisms behind changes in behavior, potentially leading to new treatments for post-traumatic stress disorders.
Portland State University has been awarded a $275,000 NSF grant to explore the cryptography-breaking power of quantum computers and develop new computer science courses. The project aims to broaden participation in computer science among high school students and teachers.
Aging nerves are damaged by immune cells that drive degeneration, but a new treatment blocks these cells, restoring nerve structure and muscle strength. Treatment with a cytokine receptor inhibitor reduced macrophage numbers and improved grip force in aging mice.
A new study from Columbia University uses an AI algorithm to analyze the full range of behaviors exhibited by the tiny pond-dwelling creature Hydra. By comparing its movements to neural firing patterns, researchers hope to gain insights into how its nervous system works.
Researchers recommend translocating Sumatran rhinos to breeding centers due to low population numbers and genetic diversity loss. Combining remaining rhinos can prevent genetic erosion and potentially save the species from extinction.
Ali Guermazi, the first radiologist to receive the award, has made significant contributions to identifying structural risk factors for osteoarthritis. His research and clinical trials have been published in top-tier journals and presented at international conferences.
Researchers at UChicago have developed a system of design principles for working with silicon to control biology using light. The team has demonstrated the ability to stimulate neurons, tissues, and limbs using this method, without the need for genetic modification or a power supply.
A new study reveals that US improvements in air quality are slowing down, making it challenging to meet ozone pollution goals. The slowdown is attributed to slower-than-expected reductions in emissions from industrial and commercial sources.
A recent study published in CMAJ found that patients who received home care visits from nurses were more likely to visit the emergency department during the evening on the same day. The likelihood of this occurrence was greater among people with non-urgent issues and those who had not been admitted to hospital.
ETH Zurich scientists have discovered two new materials that could advance the development of aluminum batteries: a corrosion-resistant titanium nitride material and a flexible polypyrene material for the positive electrode. These advancements aim to improve the energy storage capacity, cost-effectiveness, and scalability of sustainabl...
Researchers estimate oil spill thickness/volume using satellite observations, enabling more accurate monitoring and response efforts. The study provides critical insights for assessing the impact of oil spills on marine and coastal resources.
Coral reef fish rely on acoustic cues for habitat selection and settlement. Research found that degraded reefs have reduced acoustic complexity, richness, and sound-pressure levels, making them less attractive to fish larvae and juvenile fish. This may limit future fish settlement and reduce reef resilience.
A study by Newcastle University found that vaping has the same beneficial gut bacteria as non-smokers, whereas smoking is associated with an increased risk of colon cancer and colitis. The research also discovered a decrease in beneficial Bacteroides bacteria in smokers.
Research from Binghamton University found that lonely individuals with low empathy levels are more likely to cheat and return items, while those with high empathy levels exhibit less immoral behavior. Increasing empathy in lonely people can lead to better moral decision making, but has no effect on non-lonely individuals.
Researchers at EPFL have developed a new peptide format called double-bridged peptides that can bind to any disease target with high affinity and stability. By creating an enormous diversity of peptide architectures, they were able to isolate high-affinity binders to important protein targets, including kallikrein and interleukin-17.
Researchers found that voters prefer 'agreeable' politicians who are perceived as trustworthy and cooperative, but these traits often hinder their success in office. In contrast, candidates with a competent appearance tend to perform better in elections.
Researchers at Caltech create eye implant inspired by butterfly wings' nanostructures, reducing measurement error and biofouling. The implant's surface flexes to measure intra-eye pressure, providing accurate readings regardless of angle.
A new project led by Clemson University's Ethan Kung aims to reduce human and animal testing for cardiovascular devices and surgeries. Kung's hybrid model combines numerical models with experimental ones, enabling more accurate predictions and faster development times.
Research reveals that young people with Conduct Disorder show lower amygdala responses to angry and sad faces, suggesting a possible link to emotion regulation difficulties. The study also found normal connectivity between the amygdala and prefrontal cortex in those with psychopathic traits.
A study of 35,244 children in a mid-Atlantic state found that those with psychiatric diagnoses were more likely to receive psychotropic medications from birth through age 7. The study highlights the need for further research on the safety and outcomes of early psychotropic medication use in young populations.
A team of scientists, including Kansas State University's Saugata Datta, will explore lava caves in Northern California using a robotic vehicle called CaveR. The research aims to understand the conditions necessary for life on Mars by studying similar environments on Earth.
Research found that freshwater systems process excess carbon and nitrogen through photosynthesis and burying phosphorus, reducing ocean pollution. The effectiveness of these processes depends on water residence time in rivers and lakes.
A new study reveals that workplace flexibility bias, which assumes employees with family responsibilities are less devoted to their jobs, negatively impacts all workers, including men without children. Employees who feel penalized for taking time off experience lower work satisfaction and are more likely to leave their jobs.
Research at the University of Hawaii at Manoa found a strong connection between sea surface temperature patterns and increased cyclone activity in the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Dominant equatorial easterly winds caused cyclonic circulation, favoring storm formation and intensification.
The study found that the Tsimshian population's genetic diversity recovered after a collapse, with intermarriage increasing genetic diversity in some individuals. This contradicts previous notions of Native American populations expanding until European colonization.
A recent study found that farming fish can help feed the future global population while substantially reducing land use impacts of meat production. Replacing terrestrial livestock production with aquaculture could spare up to 747 million land hectares globally, an area twice the size of India.
A study published in the American Heart Association's Circulation Journal found that following five healthy habits can significantly improve longevity for both men and women. The research analyzed data from thousands of adults and estimated that maintaining these habits could add over a decade to life expectancy, with women seeing an i...
A study using ALMA found a surprising distribution of star-forming cores, with fewer massive stars and more solar-mass stars than expected. This discovery may require reevaluation of the relationship between core mass and star mass.
Taking a daily photo has complex benefits, including improved wellbeing through self-care, community interaction, and the potential for reminiscence. The practice also led to more exercise, a sense of purpose, and managing loneliness and grief.
Researchers have created a modeling framework that considers ecological dimensions driving bat migration patterns to forecast Ebola outbreaks. The tool analyzes spatially distributed random fluctuations of environmental parameters to understand how they impact bat migrations.
A new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers found that only a small percentage of patients use nonopioid pain relievers to supplement opioid pain management after spine and joint surgery. Patients also improperly store and dispose of opioids.
A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that palliative care is associated with shorter hospital stays and lower costs, particularly for patients with complex conditions. The study showed a cost savings of $4,251 per patient with cancer and $2,105 for those with non-cancer diagnoses.
Researchers used electrochemical probes to record simultaneous sub-second fluctuations in dopamine and serotonin during active decision-making in a conscious human subject. Serotonin appears to temper excitement over positive outcomes while softening the potential disappointment of negative outcomes.
A study found that using a centralized infectious disease support program decreased overall antibiotic use and the overuse of broad-spectrum drugs in smaller hospitals. Program 3, which included a pharmacy-based initiative and expert consultation via hotline, saw a significant reduction in antibiotic use compared to baseline data.
A new study by Brigham and Women's Hospital found that only 20% of Medicare patients with end-stage renal disease used hospice, and those who did were more likely to have short stays. This can limit access to palliative care services and increase costs.
Research published in Occupational & Environmental Medicine found that adults living closer to farms had lower rates of allergic sensitization, with proximity to pigs and cattle being particularly significant. Long-term exposure to farm environments was also associated with reduced allergy risk.
Researchers at University of Illinois & Tokyo developed innovative 'flip-chip' technique to create layered TI/SC samples. Measurements revealed proximity effect induces superconductivity in both bulk and surface states, with surprising dependence on film thickness and temperature.
A new analysis of the 2013 Douglas Complex fire reveals that young plantation forests experienced higher severity fires than nearby public forests. Daily weather was the most significant driver, but ownership, forest age, and topography also played critical roles.