A new deep learning network with backward connections achieves more accurate crowd counting, enabling better public safety and traffic efficiency. The researchers developed the network to estimate human density in public places and vehicle density on roads.
Tiny finger-like projections called filopodia play a crucial role in invasive behavior of rare lung cancer cells. The cells have longer filopodia than their counterparts, which is linked to the gene MYO10, stabilizing these structures. This discovery could help develop treatments that prevent cancer from spreading.
Research published at the American Heart Association's Basic Cardiovascular Sciences 2020 Scientific Sessions found that weight loss is not always the best strategy to enhance aerobic fitness in young women. In fact, a lower body mass index (BMI) may be aerobically counterproductive for many women under 30, who still have high aerobic ...
A new study by a University of Oregon physicist estimates the age of the universe at 12.6 billion years using a refined distance-calculation technique. The approach recalibrates a distance-measuring tool known as the baryonic Tully-Fisher relation independently of Hubble's constant.
NASA used infrared data from its Aqua satellite to track Tropical Depression Hanna's movement into Mexico. The storm brought heavy rain to Texas and broke records for rainfall in some areas, with forecasters predicting further heavy rainfall in parts of southern Texas and northern Mexico.
A new study suggests that COVID-19 was more widespread than official illness counts, with immigrant workers most affected. The study found a record high of 2 million workers absent from work in mid-April, with those 55 and older, and less educated workers experiencing larger-than-average increases.
The USGS has created precise maps of the Mars 2020 landing site in Jezero crater, which will help the Perseverance rover steer itself to a safe landing. These high-resolution maps are essential for unlocking the mysteries of the red planet's past and searching for evidence of past life.
The Center for Substance Abuse Research at Temple University has received a $7.2M NIDA grant to continue critical research on drugs of abuse. The grant renewal will enable the continuation of high-quality, innovative research in addiction biology and the development of new treatments.
This observational study evaluates myocardial injury in COVID-19 recovered patients using cardiovascular MRI, revealing key findings on cardiac complications. The study aims to improve understanding of long-term cardiovascular effects in survivors of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection.
A new study analyzed China's national network of air monitoring stations and found that nitrogen dioxide concentrations dropped by 27% on average, while particulate matter (PM2.5) saw a modest reduction of 11%. Ozone pollution showed little change despite the lockdown.
Researchers from Ruhr-Universität Bochum have discovered that water molecules facilitate oxygen dissociation in aqueous solutions, reducing energy costs by 25%. This breakthrough helps explain the high catalytic activity of gold nanoparticles on metal oxides for selective oxidation.
Changing healthcare payment for one insurer can impact patients covered by others, a nationwide randomized trial suggests. The study found lower hospital readmissions and care intensity among TM patients and those with private insurance through Medicare Advantage.
Researchers analyzed data from the Framingham Osteoporosis Study to explain the decline in hip fracture rates in the US. Lifestyle factors such as reduced smoking and excessive alcohol consumption contributed to the decrease, highlighting the importance of public health interventions.
Two studies published in Genome Research provide new insights into the core regulatory networks governing cell types across different vertebrate species. The research highlights the importance of understanding RNA expression in establishing cell function, morphology, and behavior. Long non-coding RNAs were found to affect cell growth a...
Researchers discovered that low-concentration salt crystals can precipitate at nanoscales due to local density fluctuation, accelerating amyloid-β peptide aggregation. This process could provide a permanent solution for Alzheimer's disease treatment.
A Dartmouth study found that college students were more anxious and depressed during the initial COVID-19 outbreak than in previous academic years. Sedentary behavior increased dramatically as students settled into shelter-in-place locations.
Researchers discovered a way to target cancer cells by blocking functions of Flap Endonuclease 1 (FEN1), which is involved in DNA replication and repair. The approach preferentially killed BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutant cancer cell lines, with normal cells recovering from FEN1 inhibition.
Researchers at the Josep Carreras Leukaemia Research Institute have identified a new enzymatic activity of Sirtuin SIRT7 that regulates the cellular response to metabolic stress. This discovery opens the door to new therapeutic targets for treating leukaemia and other malignant haemopathies.
Researchers at Hokkaido University developed a hydrogel that mimics the human brain's dynamic memory function, encoding information that fades with time depending on intensity. The hydrogel's memory system can be programmed by temperature and learning time, allowing for stable memory establishment and controlled forgetting processes.
Researchers have created two new cytosine base editors (CBEs) that induce fewer off-target mutations in rice, showcasing improved specificity and precision. The CBEs were designed using a truncated human APOBEC3 cytidine deaminase (A3Bctd) and underwent rigorous testing to validate their performance.
Researchers analyzed 113 patients' immune responses to COVID-19, identifying common patterns that predict severe outcomes. High levels of alpha interferon and inflammasome activation were linked to poor outcomes.
A researcher at the University of Oklahoma has received a $1.6 million grant to develop a biomarker for early osteoarthritis diagnosis and predict disease progression. The study aims to identify epigenetic patterns that can help determine whether a patient's condition will worsen quickly or slowly.
Jun-Hong Liang, an LSU associate professor, has received a five-year NSF CAREER award to support his research on ocean bubbles and their impact on upper ocean dynamics and air-sea gas exchange. The award will enable him to develop high-resolution simulations and physics-based formulas to calculate air-sea gas flux, ultimately improving...
Research finds concussion associated with increased risk of developing ADHD, mood and anxiety disorders, dementia and Parkinson's disease. Concussions upsets brain function and blood flow, potentially leading to long-term consequences.
A new study analyzed data on over 15,000 people to better understand the association between HDL cholesterol, heart attacks, and strokes. The researchers found that the number of HDL particles is a more reliable predictor of heart attack and stroke risk than the standard HDL cholesterol metric.
Researchers found that pairing bariatric surgery with LVAD heart surgery improved the eligibility of previously ineligible patients for heart transplants. After a year, 66% of patients met listing requirements and 33% received transplants.
A study found that smokers, even those with a lower body mass index (BMI), have a higher risk of depositing fat in organs and tissues compared to non-smokers. This excess fat can disrupt normal functions and increase health complications such as cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.
The £6 million grant will advance organic and perovskite solar cells into new applications, including 5G, the Internet of Things, and zero-carbon buildings. The project aims to develop low-cost manufacturing methods and prototypes to showcase their potential in these areas.
The study found that a delicate equilibrium between stem cells and airway cells is necessary for proper lung regeneration. In the aging process, this balance is disrupted, leading to increased cancer risk and other diseases.
A new study found three FDA-approved medications caused distinct physiological changes in microscopic nematode worms C. elegans, suggesting potential unrecognized effects in humans. The research highlights the need for continued evaluation of medications even after FDA approval.
A team of bioethicists from Johns Hopkins University emphasizes the need for informed consent in public health activities, including those related to COVID-19. The authors suggest that good governance of public health surveillance infrastructure is crucial to maintain public trust and prevent research abuses.
Researchers at Berkeley Lab used Advanced Light Source to produce 3D reconstructions of magnetization patterns in two rare meteorite samples. The study reveals a parent body with both melted and unmelted parts, pointing to a large planetesimal with a molten metallic core.
A systematic review and meta-analysis of existing studies found associations between adiposity and low semen quality parameters. Overweight and obesity were linked to reduced semen volume, sperm count, vitality, and morphology, while underweight was associated with lower normal morphology.
Simulated vertical farming yields revealed a significant increase in grain production, with potential of 700-1940 t/ha per year, compared to the current world average annual yield. This innovative method also reduces land area, water consumption, and environmental pollution.
New research in INFORMS journal Management Science suggests that organizations with safe workplaces have lower odds of survival. Employers who don't prioritize worker safety may gain an economic advantage by reducing costs and increasing productivity. The study analyzed data from 100,000 organizations across 25 years in Oregon.
Researchers discovered a unique 'BO enzyme' found only within certain bacteria responsible for producing body odour molecules. This breakthrough highlights the role of Staphylococcus hominis in body odour production and suggests its existence prior to modern humans' evolution.
A new study finds that educational inequality has consistently risen with income inequality in the US since the early 20th century, despite periods of relative equality. The research also highlights a 'Vietnam War effect' where collegiate inequality was high among men but low among women during this period.
A new study found that geographical areas with high levels of lithium in public drinking water had correspondingly lower suicide rates. Lithium, known for its anti-suicidal effect, is widely used as a medication for mood disorders and has potential preventative use to combat dementia.
The study reveals an 'inchworm-like' slip evolution of supershear rupture along the Palu-Koro fault, showcasing the effect of complex fault geometry on rupture propagation. This phenomenon may have significant implications for assessing future earthquake impacts and related disasters.
Two groups of nerve cells in the posterior amygdala regulate emotions and drive male social behaviors like sex and aggression. Blocking signals from these neurons impairs males' ability to mate, while boosting them increases aggression.
Research suggests that a genetic variant common in people of East Asian descent may make them more susceptible to adverse responses to e-cigarettes. The study found that mice with this gene had significantly higher heart rates and increased oxidative stress when exposed to e-cigarette aerosols compared to those without the gene. These ...
LAM-002A has shown promise in reducing SARS-CoV-2 virus levels in infected individuals, with Yale leading a Phase II trial to test its safety and efficacy as a COVID-19 treatment. The study aims to enroll 142 newly diagnosed patients to assess the drug's effectiveness in preventing disease progression.
Joslin Diabetes Center researchers discover targeting renalase protein strengthens beta cells against stress and autoimmune attack. An FDA-approved drug, pargyline, is shown to protect human cells, potentially slowing disease progression in a clinical trial.
A study analyzing US survey and tax data reveals a strong relationship between rising income inequality and lower college enrollment and completion rates among disadvantaged groups. The research highlights the significant impact of income inequality on educational opportunities in the United States.
Researchers discovered that almost 20% of patients with unexplained intestinal polyps had tumors with mutations similar to those caused by colibactin, a bacterial toxin. Regular tooth brushing may have prevented the bacterial infection that triggered these cancer-causing DNA mutations.
The study found higher medical and non-medical prescription stimulant use among heterosexuals and certain LGB subpopulations in states without MCLs. States with MCLs had lower odds of medical stimulant use, while bisexual men reported higher non-medical prescription stimulant use.
Researchers created a self-healing polymer that can repair itself in one second, while retaining its original strength, and is also biodegradable and recyclable. The material mimics the squid's ability to heal itself in nature, with potential applications for robotic machines, prosthetic legs, and personal protective equipment.
A deep learning algorithm can quickly and accurately screen cancer patient biopsies for genetic alterations that inform treatment options and likelihood to respond to specific therapies. The study found detectable mutations in 13 out of 14 tested tumor types, including lung, colorectal, breast, and gastric cancers.
A recent study found a significant increase in the number and rate of suicide-related calls to US Poison Control Centers involving over-the-counter analgesics. The trend was driven by increasing exposures among 6-19-year-old females, with children aged 6-19 accounting for half of all cases.
Researchers will analyze massive atmospheric data using machine learning methods to identify patterns and understand processes, facilitating the development of new models for tackling scientific problems in atmospheric physics.
The University of Tennessee Extension's Cotton Nitrogen Management publication has been awarded a Blue Ribbon by the American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers. The publication, authored by Lori Duncan and Tyson Raper, provides recommendations for optimizing nitrogen use efficiency in cotton production.
A new study published at the 2020 Alzheimer's Association International Conference suggests that receiving at least one flu vaccination can lower the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease over a lifetime. The research found that people who received a flu vaccine were 17% less likely to get Alzheimer's disease.
Researchers from the University of Texas at Austin developed a computer model that connects distinct patterns in sedimentary deposits to shifts in climate and tectonic activity. The model, which uses a 3D source-to-sink approach, allows scientists to simulate the world under different tectonics and climate conditions.
A Phase 3 clinical trial has begun to test the safety and efficacy of the mRNA-1273 vaccine in preventing symptomatic COVID-19. The trial enrolls approximately 30,000 adult volunteers and aims to determine if the vaccine can provide long-lasting protection against the virus.
A study examining changes in spanking of children over 25 years found that it decreased significantly in the US. The study analyzed data from 1993 to 2018 and found a decline in spanking rates among parents across different demographic groups.
A Baylor University study led by Cathryn Townsend challenges the long-held notion that the Ik ethnic group in Uganda is selfish and loveless. The research found that sharing and cooperation are integral to Ik culture, with a strong emphasis on supernatural punishment for those who do not share.
Researchers developed two approaches to control plant proteins related to hydrophobic pollutant transport. A pesticide that suppresses MLP gene expression reduced hydrophobic pollutant accumulation, while an MLP-binding pesticide inhibited binding to pollutants. This breakthrough enables safer crop production on contaminated soil.
Researchers from NC State University demonstrate a technique to produce streams of liquid metal at room temperature by applying a low voltage, lowering its surface tension across three orders of magnitude. The study reveals the potential applications for this technique in creating stretchable wires and studying fluid behavior.
Scientists have identified a highly conserved envelope protein in both SARS-CoV-2 and SARS-CoV-1, which could be targeted with existing drugs to prevent acute respiratory distress syndrome. Researchers plan to conduct trials using FDA-approved medications and aim to utilize their data for vaccine design.
A new study published in JAMA Network Open found that maternal depression during and after pregnancy significantly increases the odds of depression in offspring during adolescence and adulthood. The research, which examined over 15,000 children, shows that perinatal depression can have a lasting negative impact on mental health.