Shift workers are at increased risk of severe COVID-19 compared to day workers due to sleep deprivation's negative impact on the immune system. Those who worked face-to-face with others had a higher risk of infection, but not more severe outcomes.
Scientists at Duke University have made a breakthrough in controlling gene expression in response to injury, using a segment of fish DNA called TREE. The method successfully targeted gene activity to specific regions and time windows, showing promise for regenerating damaged tissues in mammals.
A new study found that Black women with depression more often report somatic and self-critical symptoms than traditional depression symptoms. The study suggests that health care providers may miss these symptoms, resulting in underdiagnosis and undertreatment.
The E1910 trial found that adding blinatumomab to standard front-line consolidation chemotherapy improved overall survival and kept most patients in remission. The treatment, which targets malignant B cells, demonstrated its effectiveness in patients with a good prognosis after an initial round of chemotherapy.
The project aims to identify factors influencing early math learning and develop targeted interventions. Researchers will test preschoolers' math skills seven times over two years, including cognitive abilities like memory, and conduct in-home assessments to measure parents' knowledge of math and reading skills.
Scientists have found that photochemical reactions in molecular crystals propagate from the edges to their centers, unlike previously assumed classical kinetics. This discovery has significant implications for understanding fundamental science and developing new functional materials.
Researchers at CReSIS have developed an adaptable radar system for unmanned aerial systems, enabling more complete data on ice-sheet thickness. The new system will improve ice-discharge estimates and allow routine monitoring of sea ice snow cover.
A new study at the University of Tokyo has mapped the evolution and process of natural selection in Escherichia coli bacteria, creating fitness landscapes that help understand drug resistance and potential treatments. The researchers hope their results will be useful for predicting and controlling E. coli and other bacteria.
Theoretical calculations and experimental data from the ATLAS detector suggest that photons can create a fluid of strongly interacting particles in collisions with heavy ions. This is supported by observations of particle flow patterns similar to those seen in lead-lead and proton-lead collisions.
Researchers at UC San Diego School of Medicine identified a novel molecular pathway that causes gout and its progression to joint tissue erosion. The findings position lubricin as a novel therapeutic target for both the prevention and treatment of the disease.
Researchers at Max Planck Institute developed a new model describing the autonomous remodeling of molecular structures. This concept sheds light on self-organization in living matter and could inspire engineering strategies for designing molecular robotic shape-shifters.
Researchers at Princeton University's Hecht Lab discovered a de novo protein that catalyzes the synthesis of quantum dots at room temperature. This breakthrough opens doors to making nanomaterials in a more sustainable way, with potential benefits for the environment.
A new study published in Hypertension suggests that lipoprotein(a) cholesterol may affect the relationship between hypertension and cardiovascular disease risk. The study found that people with high levels of lipoprotein(a) and hypertension had a 24% higher risk of cardiovascular disease compared to those without hypertension.
The NIH's All of Us Research Program has returned genetic health-related DNA results to over 155,000 participants, detailing increased risk for specific health conditions and medication processing. Participants can choose to receive tailored reports, including a Hereditary Disease Risk report and a Medicine and Your DNA report.
Researchers developed a computational model of flying snakes' undulation to understand lift production. The snake's cross-sectional shape creates pressure differential across its body, lifting it and allowing it to glide through the air.
A new study finds that discrimination influences the central and enteric nervous systems, altering the bidirectional signaling between the brain and gut microbiome. This leads to changes in systemic inflammation, emotional arousal, and psychological symptoms across different racial and ethnic groups.
The 2020 Tokyo Olympics saw high injury rates in newly introduced sports like BMX freestyle, karate, and skateboarding. However, the overall injury rate was comparable to previous Olympic Games, with lower illness rates. Researchers attribute this to extensive countermeasures against COVID-19
Research shows that even optimistic temperature targets can lead to catastrophic sea-level rise, disproportionately affecting low-lying nations. An interdisciplinary team highlights the need for justice-focused policies to minimize impacts of sea-level rise.
YgaV plays a crucial role in regulating the expression of anaerobic respiratory genes and managing ROS levels in response to external H2S. This helps bacteria fine-tune their metabolism and increase antibiotic tolerance.
Researchers at Cornell University found that injecting apple juice, pulp, and pomace into chicken eggs improves the animal's intestinal health and boosts microbial populations. This innovative approach could reduce the use of added dietary chemicals and improve nutrition in broiler feed.
A new model describes how biological or technical systems form complex structures with signal-processing capabilities, enabling them to respond to stimuli and perform tasks without external guidance. The research has implications for microrobotics and the development of swarms of autonomous robots capable of complex tasks.
A Concordia PhD student argues that Disney is using its brand futurity strategy to create a sense of inevitable cultural dominance. The company's use of digital positioning and popular content reinforces its legacy, but Pitre criticizes the way it uses this goodwill to define the future of media.
A global study found that most rodents spreading zoonotic pathogens live near or in human dwellings, exhibit large population fluctuations, and are hunted for meat or fur. These factors contribute to the transmission risk between humans and rodents, particularly in regions such as Europe and South America.
A new study from Edith Cowan University found that a single bout of exercise can significantly suppress tumour growth in people with late-stage prostate cancer. The researchers observed increased levels of anti-cancer myokines after high-intensity exercise, which helped fight cancerous cells and stimulated anti-cancer processes.
A Northwestern University study found that as people age, their cerebrospinal fluid immune system becomes dysregulated, leading to cognitive impairment and neurodegeneration. The discovery provides a new clue to the process of neurodegeneration and may potentially be used to treat inflammation of the brain.
Researchers describe results using cladribine-based combination epigenetic and immunotherapy in MCL, achieving an increased overall survival greater than 40 months with durable remissions without relapse for longer than 5 years. The approach is promising in the treatment of MCL and potentially other previously treatment-refractory canc...
Women who take more steps per day have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, with those taking 10,700 steps daily being 44% less likely to develop the condition. The study analyzed over 5,700 participants and found a significant correlation between physical activity and reduced diabetes risk.
Researchers found that participants who lived alone and reported strong cohesion with their neighbors had a similar risk of death compared to those living with others. Living alone is associated with various poor health outcomes, including depression, cardiovascular disease, dementia, and premature death.
Researchers found that adult hospitalisations from Omicron-related SARS-CoV-2 infections were less severe than those from Delta infections. The Pfizer-BioNTech vaccine was effective in preventing hospitalisations and severe outcomes, even with increasing Omicron variant transmissibility.
Researchers used CT scanning and 3D modelling to study the growth of pelvic fins in fish embryos, shedding light on their evolution. The study found that the mechanism responsible for changes in the pelvic fin skeleton over millions of years involves changes in fin radials' fusion during early development.
The Journal of the Pediatric Infectious Diseases Society has published a supplement issue focusing on past, current, and future diversity and inclusion issues affecting pediatric infectious diseases. The collection examines the legacy of health disparities and their impact on the response to COVID-19.
Researchers observed a strongly isospin-mixed doublet in silicon-26, with the largest ever recorded mixing matrix element. This unexpected result challenges current understanding of nuclear force and cannot be explained by standard nuclear models.
An international team of scientists found that changes in Earth's orbit may have triggered a rapid global warming event 56 million years ago, known as the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum. The study suggests that orbital configurations favored hotter conditions and may have played a role in triggering the event.
The updated guidelines aim to increase impact and improve research integrity by defining and measuring outcomes in clinical trials. The new extensions include nine outcome-specific items that should be defined in all trial protocols and 17 additional items to address in published reports, ensuring transparency and relevance for patients.
A recent VLA and ALMA study investigated Jupiter's atmosphere and Io's volcanic activity, shedding light on the giant planet's complex dynamics. The research revealed the vertical structure of Jupiter's atmosphere and found high-temperature compounds, including NaCl and KCl, in Io's atmosphere, suggesting differences in subsurface magm...
A new study found that people with alcohol use disorders who are injured severely enough to require hospital treatment have a fivefold increased risk of dying in the next year. This association was found in over 13,000 patients, with a total mortality rate nearly five times higher than the general California population.
The study found that fact-checkers in the US primarily assessed existence claims, while Australians focused on solutions. Effective fact-checking presentations included visual information, concise summaries, and clear verdicts. Researchers hope to expand their research to cover the role of fact-checking in COVID-19 and other topics.
MIT researchers have identified molecules found in mucus that can block cholera infection by interfering with the genes that cause the microbe to switch into a harmful state. The protective molecules, known as glycans, prevent Vibrio cholerae from producing the toxin that usually leads to severe diarrhea.
The discovery of two new palaeoscolecid worm species, Anguiscolex africanus and Wronascolex superstes, sheds light on the Ordovician period's marine life. The worms are found to be significantly larger than previously recorded specimens, hinting at 'polar gigantism' in response to Morocco's geographical location during that time.
Researchers from SPUN mapped the diversity of mycorrhizal fungi across Palmyra Atoll, finding unique nutrient feedback loops that support rainforests, plankton communities, and coral reefs. The study highlights the importance of these underground networks in maintaining ecosystem resilience to climate change.
As people age, their health care needs become more complex, making it essential to consider anatomical and functional changes when diagnosing and treating ACS. An individualized and patient-centered approach is best for older adults, considering coexisting conditions and input from multiple specialists.
A study on extinct lemurs has found surprising similarities between ancient primate species and fossil humans. The 'monkey lemur' had novel anatomical features, including tooth chipping patterns similar to those of Neanderthals, suggesting a more complex diet than previously thought.
A new study suggests that expanding Medicaid coverage in Houston, combined with increased use of PrEP and antiviral medications, could lead to a significant decline in new HIV infections among young Black gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men. The model projects a potential decrease in HIV incidence rate to almost 50% with...
Researchers discovered that eye movements can reveal valuable information about how humans make decisions. The study found that the speed and vigor of eye movements increased as participants considered their options before making a choice.
A new study in The American Journal of Medicine found that adults who neglect COVID-19 vaccination may also neglect basic road safety guidelines. Unvaccinated individuals were more likely to be involved in traffic crashes, with a 72% increased relative risk compared to those vaccinated.
New research on asteroid samples from Ryugu reveals similarities to Ivuna-like carbonaceous chondrites, providing a better understanding of the early solar system. The study also sheds light on the accretion of volatiles during planetary formation and finds that Ryugu-like material accounts for ~5-6% of Earth's mass.
A pilot study conducted at Brigham and Women's Hospital found that a low-cost computer vision system was feasible and well-received by employees. The system accurately detected mask adherence 100% of the time, with most participants experiencing a positive interaction.
A WVU engineer has developed a technology that can treat urine on site rather than at a centralized wastewater treatment facility, allowing for the recovery of nitrogen as a valuable fertilizer. The approach enables quick treatment and promotes the reduction of nutrient discharge into lakes and rivers.
Researchers found biocide-free silicone-based paint to be more effective against fouling than copper-based paints in the Baltic Sea region. The environmentally friendly alternative drastically reduced heavy metal releases into sensitive sea ecosystems.
A global analysis of over 32 million cardiovascular deaths found that extreme temperatures increase the risk of heart failure deaths. People with heart failure are most likely to be negatively impacted by very cold and very hot days.
A Penn State-led research team found that TikTok's unique interface and algorithm make content creation and virality particularly easy yet lead to high rates of creator burnout. The platform's central role of the algorithm in determining viewership makes creators produce new content continuously, leading to burnout.
A new national study found that excessive screen time, especially video gaming and watching videos, is linked to an increased risk of developing OCD in US preteens. The study, led by UCSF researchers, suggests that intrusive thoughts about video game content can develop into obsessions or compulsions.
Researchers discovered that cabbage white butterfly caterpillars use two complementary enzymes for detoxification, allowing them to adapt to various cruciferous plants. The NSP and MA enzymes differ in their capacity to process different glucosinolates, enabling the caterpillars to fine-tune their detoxification mechanisms.
Researchers propose picogram-scale probes that can land, replicate and produce a communications module to explore nearby stars. The concept aims to utilize living cells as a model for designing and building small-scale devices capable of withstanding extreme conditions.
A study found that drinking caffeinated coffee daily can reduce the risk of type 2 diabetes by 10-53% in women who had gestational diabetes during pregnancy. Replacing sugary drinks with coffee also shows a 10-17% reduced risk.
Researchers have identified a master gene that controls stem cell behavior, found in an ancient fish species, which can be used to improve human stem cell growth. The study sheds light on the evolutionary origins of pluripotent stem cells, a crucial step towards creating artificial organs.
Researchers at Lund University discovered an antibody with potential to protect against Strep A infection and a rare form of binding that leads to effective immune response. The finding could explain why many Group A strep vaccines have failed.
Researchers at UIC have created an integrated system that captures carbon dioxide from flue gas and converts it to high-purity ethylene, achieving net-negative carbon emissions. The system's modular design allows for easy scaling up and down, making it a potential breakthrough in sustainable ethylene production.
Researchers from Japan have developed an RNA interference method using antisense oligonucleotides to correct a genetic defect in Fukuyama Muscular Dystrophy. This approach has shown promise in treating patients with the disease, which is characterized by generalized muscle weakness and intellectual disability.
A high-throughput analysis of 26 medically important snakes in sub-Saharan Africa reveals the benefits of an integrated approach to understanding their venom composition and function. The study provides a solid foundation for further research on snake biology and antivenom development.