An international team analyzed infrared data from five dim galaxies, revealing no significant metal deficiency, contrary to earlier studies. The findings suggest heavy dust obscuration associated with starburst as the cause.
A new study from Trinity College Dublin suggests that teenagers who spend a 'goldilocks amount' of time online may have better mental wellbeing. The research found that low engagement with digital media is also associated with poor mental health outcomes for adolescents, while high engagement predicts worse mental health outcomes.
Researchers discovered that genetic mutations accumulated slowly over a lifetime lead to a shift in blood cell populations after 70, causing reduced diversity and impaired function. This finding explains the sudden deterioration in organ function after aging.
A recent review of 71 clinical trials found that consuming about 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids per day can modestly lower blood pressure in adults. The analysis suggests that this daily dose may be an optimal amount to help reduce the risk of coronary heart disease.
Researchers analyzed the repetitive fraction in olive plant genomes, revealing key differences between closely related and distant species. The study sheds light on the evolution of the olive genus and highlights the role of the genome's repetitive fraction in understanding its origins.
Researchers developed a new ultrasound localization microscopy technique to image blood vessels and measure blood flow in the brain. The method uses microscopic bubbles as a contrast agent and accelerates post-processing to 10-30 seconds, enabling rapid imaging of whole-brain microvasculature.
Researchers found significant disparities in death rates after strokes among Black and Hispanic populations compared to white populations. Hispanic individuals had a 30% increased risk of death after subarachnoid hemorrhage strokes, while Black individuals faced a 30% increased risk of death after intracerebral hemorrhage strokes.
Researchers discovered an electrolyte additive that protects nickel-rich layered cathodes from degradation and improves cycling performance. The additive forms a protective layer on the cathode, reducing transition metal loss and increasing energy density.
A recent study by Estonian researchers reveals that the country has largely been successful in achieving sufficient progress towards a carbon-neutral building stock by 2050. However, single-family houses and older buildings still need greater attention to meet the target.
Researchers developed a new theory explaining mountain belt formation, suggesting that internal plate strength limits height and size. Surface processes, including erosion, play a key role in shaping these features.
Researchers found that combination broadly neutralizing anti-HIV antibodies (bNAbs) can effectively suppress HIV in individuals without daily antiretroviral therapy (ART), with median duration of time off ART being 39.6 weeks.
The Faraday Institution has awarded 16 small, focused projects to deliver transformative results in areas such as anodes, electrolytes, and flow batteries. The initiatives aim to strengthen the UK's position in electrochemical energy storage and contribute to industry competitiveness.
An international research team has created the largest and most detailed genomic diversity atlas of wild chimpanzees, revealing their evolutionary history and genetic diversity. The study sheds light on demographic past, genetic differentiation, and exchanges between subspecies, providing valuable insights for conservation.
A study from Washington University in St. Louis highlights the importance of spatial aspects of biodiversity for healthy forest functioning. The research shows that tree beta diversity, a measure of site-to-site variation in species composition, is stronger than other components of biodiversity at larger scales.
Researchers discovered that stress neurotransmitter norepinephrine stimulates a specific population of inhibitory neurons in the amygdala to generate a repetitive bursting pattern of electrical discharges. This leads to the formation of fear memories, which can be difficult to forget due to their association with traumatic experiences.
Researchers at MIT found that explanation methods used to aid human decision-makers in high-stakes situations often have lower accuracy for minoritized subgroups. The fidelity of these explanations varies dramatically between subgroups, with the quality often significantly lower for women and Black people.
Researchers from the University of Oregon studied a persistent lava lake at Kīlauea's summit, finding that seismic signals encode resonance of magma sloshing in and out of the shallow magma chamber. The study provides new insights into volcanic gas migration and magma temperature, shedding light on the volcano's dynamics.
A new study found that sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT-2i) decreased the risk of hospitalization for heart failure in adults with type 2 diabetes. SGLT-2i showed similar cardiovascular outcomes to metformin but a lower risk of heart failure hospitalization.
The first international study of its kind assesses the status of all reptile species, revealing that at least 2,000 species are threatened with extinction. The study found that 50% of turtle and crocodile species face extinction threats, while 30% of forest-dwelling reptiles and 14% of arid area reptiles are in danger.
A Michigan study reveals that hundreds of thousands of surgical and dental opioid prescriptions are filled long after writing, but a state law helped reduce this trend. The authors suggest tightening state laws to prevent or reduce misuse associated with delayed dispensing of opioids.
Researchers at NTU Singapore have developed a flexible and durable fabric that harnesses energy from human movements, providing a potential solution for wearable power sources. The fabric generates enough electricity to light up LEDs and charge capacitors, demonstrating its potential for use in smart textiles and wearable electronics.
Researchers at Rice University have developed molecular machines that can kill bacteria using visible light, targeting gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. The breakthrough study uses rotors spinning at millions of times per second to break up biofilms and persister cells, making these infections more treatable.
A study by NIH found that people with food allergies have a lower risk of becoming infected with SARS-CoV-2. In contrast, obesity and high body mass index (BMI) are associated with increased risk for SARS-CoV-2 infection.
A team of researchers has found a way to block the replication of one strain of the influenza virus in human cells by inhibiting a specific protein modification process called SUMOylation. This breakthrough could lead to highly effective treatments for the flu and other respiratory viruses.
A recent study by Colorado State University economists and NOAA found that improved wind forecasts result in significant energy savings for consumers. The research shows a net gain of over $150 million in annual savings through better predictions of wind patterns.
A study published in CJASN found that vaccinated patients on dialysis had lower risks of hospitalization and death due to COVID-19. The analysis, which included over 1,300 patients, showed that two doses of the vaccine reduced severe cases, making it a crucial protection for this vulnerable population.
Researchers found that mosquitoes whose slumber is disrupted are less interested in feeding, with a 54% decrease in feeding behavior. This phenomenon, called sleep rebound, highlights the importance of sleep for even insects.
Daya Bay Reactor Neutrino Experiment has produced the most precise measurement yet of theta13, a key parameter for understanding how neutrinos change their 'flavor.' The result will help physicists explore mysteries surrounding matter and the universe.
A large-scale camera trap dataset provides valuable insights into Amazonian species diversity, with over 1,400 species recorded. The data can be used to inform conservation efforts and monitor population trends.
A peer-led, family-centered preventive intervention is being tested to reduce stress, anxiety, and depressive symptoms among Bhutanese immigrants. The program, developed by Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, uses problem management plus (PMP) and addresses multiple stressors, resulting in improved coping skills and social networking.
A new study from the University of Eastern Finland found that nearly 30% of older home care clients experienced eating problems, including poor appetite, chewing, and swallowing issues. The study highlights the importance of maintaining good oral health to prevent these problems.
Patients with primary glomerular diseases have a significantly higher risk of cardiovascular events, including coronary artery disease and stroke. The study found that inclusion of kidney-specific risk factors improved the prediction of cardiovascular events.
A new study by an international collaboration of researchers highlights the legacy of colonialism in scientific practice across the Caribbean archipelago. The authors outline systemic issues related to perceptions and scientific practice, but also describe positive steps being taken in countries like Trinidad and Tobago and The Bahamas.
Researchers are assessing cognitive decline in aging Latinos, exploring the long-term impact of COVID-19 and cardiovascular disease on brain function and impairment. The study will gather data to develop real-world therapies and potentially lessen the disease burden of dementia affecting Latinos.
FAPESP will host the Executive Secretariat of the Global Research Council (GRC) starting in September, reflecting its prestige among funding agencies worldwide. The GRC aims to create multilateral mechanisms for funding research and innovation.
Researchers at Purdue University have discovered a new method to create curved spaces without physical distortions, utilizing non-Hermiticity. This breakthrough solves a long-standing physics mystery and opens up new avenues for exploring non-Hermitian quantum phenomena in curved spaces.
A study published in Frontiers in Nutrition found that malnutrition contributes to sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients, characterized by muscle mass, strength, and function losses. The Nutrition Risk Index (NRI) is a simple and convenient metric developed in Japan, which shows significant relationships between NRI score and sarcopenia,...
Researchers have discovered a new type of triterpenes in fungi that don't require squalene, overturning current knowledge and offering a new approach to pharmaceutical science. This breakthrough opens up possibilities for creating more valuable compounds with anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, and other properties.
A study published in PLOS ONE found that dogs can detect SARS-CoV-2 infections with high sensitivity (97%) and lower specificity (91%), even when patients are asymptomatic. The diagnostic accuracy of canine olfaction for non-invasive detection of COVID-19 was demonstrated in a clinical trial conducted in France and the UAE.
A new University of California, Irvine-led study identifies sex-specific circuits of muscle signaling to other tissues, highlighting differences in muscle function between males and females. The research sheds light on how muscle functions, such as exercise, promote healthy longevity, metabolism and improve cognition.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine have developed an investigational drug that targets synovial sarcoma, a rare and aggressive type of cancer. The drug, ACXT-3102, works by interfering with the metabolic pathway of the tumor cells, causing them to die from the buildup of reactive oxygen species.
The study reveals that the BBSome operates outside of cilia to support sight, and that it prevents the degradation of a receptor protein called LITE-1. This discovery could broaden our understanding of how to develop treatments for Bardet-Biedl syndrome.
A new study found that children with older siblings are less likely to develop behavioral problems, suggesting a positive impact of sibling relationships on child development. The study also highlights the importance of early intervention policies to reduce maternal stress and promote healthy child development.
A retrospective analysis of 7,000 patients found pulse oximeter devices overestimated blood oxygen levels in non-White patients, delaying treatment eligibility recognition. The study suggests that biases in pulse oximeter accuracy disproportionately affect minority communities.
The Gemini North telescope has helped astronomers understand why Uranus and Neptune have different colors. Excess haze on Uranus builds up in its stagnant atmosphere, making it appear lighter than Neptune's. The team developed a single atmospheric model that matches observations of both planets.
A new Rutgers University study finds that diabetes weakens tooth enamel and dentin, making teeth more susceptible to decay. Researchers induced Type 1 diabetes in mice and observed significant softening of enamel and dentin after 12 weeks.
Researchers at the University of Warwick have identified a novel cellular process called Golgiphagy that helps regulate the degradation of the Golgi complex in cells. This discovery opens new avenues for understanding the underlying mechanisms of diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's, and Parkinson's.
A study of 1.3 million women in England found that screening every five years is as effective as three-year intervals for those with a negative HPV screen, and may even prevent more cancers. The study provides reassurance to women aged 24-49 who test negative for HPV.
A novel computational method estimates the level of connectivity in bacterial communities, revealing that species diversity is limited by interaction strength. Understanding these stability principles is essential for developing medical treatments and preserving the environment.
A new SDSU study used radiocarbon dating to determine the timing of the last seven periods of filling during the Late Holocene, revealing six earlier lake fills between 1618–1636 and 1486–1503. The research sheds light on both the history of human occupation in the area and its seismic past.
Researchers demonstrated how heterogeneous photocatalysis can improve selectivity in organic transformations, breaking down lignin and producing high-quality products. The technique offers mild conditions for chemical reactions, using air as the oxidant and ambient pressure, reducing energy consumption and environmental cost.
Researchers at Kobe University and Hiroshima University have developed a biomarker that can diagnose Parkinson's disease from blood serum samples. The 'P450 inhibition assay' uses 12 different human P450s to detect changes in metabolites, allowing for accurate diagnosis with an accuracy rate of 85-88%. This breakthrough could lead to f...
An international team developed a new theoretical model that solves part of the 'solar problem' by considering the Sun's rotation and magnetic fields. The results reproduce the concentration of helium and lithium in the Sun's outer layers, providing insights into stellar physics.
A single-center study found lower pneumonia frequency and severity in fully vaccinated patients compared to unvaccinated patients. The study included 467 patients who underwent chest CT during hospitalization for symptomatic COVID-19, with significant reductions in pneumonia frequency and severity observed in those fully vaccinated.
A study published in Brain, Behaviour and Immunity found that lower neighbourhood cohesion is associated with a lower response to COVID-19 vaccines. Social cohesion was also linked to feelings of loneliness, which reduced the antibody response.
A study in Macao explores the potential for urban mining, analyzing building material stock-flow process and future trends. The research establishes a dynamic MFA model to clarify driving forces of urban building resources, providing data support for recycling and waste management.
Researchers at Concordia University have developed a new platform technology called direct sound printing (DSP), which uses soundwaves to produce new objects. The process creates sonochemical reactions in minuscule cavitation regions, generating pre-designed complex geometries that cannot be made with existing techniques.
The U.S. continues to lag behind other developed countries in terms of health outcomes, with higher rates of chronic disease and disability. The COVID-19 pandemic has exacerbated the issue, widening the gap in life expectancy between the U.S. and its peer nations.
Researchers found a tripole winter precipitation change pattern in the late 1990s around the Tibetan Plateau, affecting eastern India, southern China, and northern regions. This pattern was triggered by changes in tropical Pacific SSTs and influenced by regional circulation patterns.
A team of researchers at University of Zurich successfully transplanted a human liver that was treated in a machine, paving the way for a potential solution to the global organ shortage. The liver was preserved for three days outside the body using a custom-made perfusion machine.