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Science News Archive 2022 - Page 40


Page 40 of 448

New study examines success of Monterey Bay Aquarium sea otter rehabilitation program; demonstrates role zoos and aquariums perform in wildlife conservation

A new study published in the Journal of Zoological and Biological Gardens highlights the successful sea otter rehabilitation program at Monterey Bay Aquarium. The program uses surrogacy as a comprehensive approach to rehabilitation, with 71% of surrogate-reared pups surviving post-release compared to 27% that underwent human-led rehabi...

SourceMonterey Bay Aquarium·JournalJournal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens·TypeCase study·DateNov 24, 2022

NIST finds a sweet new way to print microchip patterns on curvy surfaces

Researchers have found a way to transfer precise micro Patterns onto unconventional surfaces, including curved surfaces and fibers. This technique, called REFLEX, could open up new possibilities for the development of new materials and microstructures in fields such as electronics and biomedical engineering.

SourceNational Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)·JournalScience·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 24, 2022

Ancient Roman coins thought to be fakes now authenticated

A new analysis confirms that ancient Roman coins featuring the portrait of 'Sponsian' are genuine, suggesting he was a real leader who ruled Roman Dacia in the 260s CE. The study used advanced microscopy and spectroscopy techniques to analyze the coins and uncover evidence of their authenticity.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeObservational study·DateNov 23, 2022

Primeval reaction pathways

A team of researchers has discovered that a reaction sequence from the reverse Krebs cycle can take place without enzymes under metal or meteorite catalysis. The study suggests that simple organic molecules existed on early Earth, even before life as we know it developed.

SourceWiley·JournalAngewandte Chemie International Edition·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 23, 2022

Achieving a quantum fiber

ICFO researchers successfully demonstrate transport of two-photon quantum states through a phase-separated Anderson localization optical fiber, showing maintained spatial anti-correlation. The phase-separated fiber enables efficient transmission of quantum information via Corning's optical fiber.

SourceICFO-The Institute of Photonic Sciences·JournalCommunications Physics·DateNov 23, 2022

A radical new approach in synthetic chemistry

Researchers use pulse radiolysis experiments to measure how unpaired electrons can drive chemical reactivity on a molecule's opposite side, enabling the creation of novel synthetic methodologies. The study demonstrates the potential for free radicals to influence reactivity beyond their site of origin.

SourceDOE/Brookhaven National Laboratory·JournalJournal of the American Chemical Society·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 23, 2022

Using vapes may set the stage for dental decay

A recent study by Tufts University School of Dental Medicine found a significant association between vaping and an increased risk of developing cavities. The study analyzed data from over 13,000 patients and found that 79% of vaping patients were categorized as having high-caries risk, compared to 60% of the control group.

SourceTufts University·JournalThe Journal of the American Dental Association·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 23, 2022

About 2% of pregnant Canadian individuals self-report using cannabis in pregnancy, with usage associated with higher risk of preterm births, low birthweight newborns, and congenital anomalies, in a multi-region study of 1.28m births

A Canadian cross-jurisdictional population-based cohort study found that about 2% of pregnant individuals self-report cannabis use, associated with increased risk of preterm births and low birthweight newborns. The study also linked cannabis use to higher rates of congenital anomalies.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·DateNov 23, 2022

Embedding social considerations in large-scale ecological restoration planning leads to more practical and cost-effective implementation

A new approach integrates top-down and bottom-up approaches to address social considerations in large-scale ecological restoration planning. This method improves the practicality and efficiency of projects by considering socioeconomic drivers and stakeholder interests. The study found that spatial matching between planned and actual re...

SourceEngineering·JournalEngineering·DateNov 23, 2022

Overcoming challenges in the delivery of nucleic acid therapeutics

Nucleic acid therapies aim to treat genetic disorders and diseases, but delivering therapeutics is a significant challenge. Researchers are investigating nanoparticle delivery systems to target specific cells and sub-cellular compartments for effective delivery.

SourceWiley·JournalWiley Interdisciplinary Reviews Nanomedicine and Nanobiotechnology·DateNov 23, 2022

Great Britain’s city centers ranked on “greenness”

A new study ranks Great Britain's city centers based on their green attributes, including tree cover, vegetation, and parks, revealing disparities in urban biodiversity and human health. The top five cities are located in southern England, while the bottom five relate to industrial areas in northern Britain.

SourcePLOS·JournalPLOS ONE·TypeObservational study·DateNov 23, 2022

Democracy after COVID-19: Pandemic fatigue fueled political mistrust and conspiracy beliefs across Europe and the United States

A new study from Aarhus University finds that pandemic fatigue is a direct cause of political discontent, with citizens experiencing increased fatigue as restrictions tighten and loosen. The researchers suggest that authorities can mitigate fatigue by adopting flexible policies and communicating openly with the public.

SourceAarhus University·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·DateNov 23, 2022

Oncotarget | Treasures from trash in cancer research

A new study explores the value of 'trash data' from cancer genome sequencing, identifying new strategies to uncover previously unexplored information. The researchers found that genomic and transcriptomic data contain relevant information that can help elucidate carcinogenesis and discover putative biomarkers with clinical applications.

SourceImpact Journals LLC·JournalOncotarget·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 23, 2022

KAIST team develops surface-lighting MicroLED patch with significant melanogenesis inhibition effect

A KAIST research team has developed a surface-lighting microLED patch for UV-induced melanogenesis inhibition. The patch demonstrated significant suppression of melanin synthesis and minimized epidermal photo-toxicity, making it a promising treatment option for skin diseases such as spots and freckles.

SourceThe Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)·JournalAdvanced Healthcare Materials·TypeMeta-analysis·DateNov 23, 2022

Plants employ chemical engineering to manufacture bee-luring optical devices

Cambridge researchers discovered that plants regulate the chemistry of their petal surface to create microscopic three-dimensional patterns reflecting different wavelengths of light, visible to bees. These patterns act as diffraction gratings producing an iridescent optical effect, which is essential for attracting pollinators.

SourceUniversity of Cambridge·JournalCurrent Biology·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 23, 2022

Drug used for sleep disorders is linked to higher risk of overdose in teens, young adults

A new study by Rutgers researchers found that young people treated for sleep disorders with benzodiazepines like Xanax may be at a higher risk of overdose. The study examined over 90,000 newly prescribed benzodiazepine patients and found an increased risk of overdose compared to other prescription sleep medications.

SourceRutgers University·JournalJAMA Network Open·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 23, 2022

CityU neuroscientists discover a new drug candidate for treating epilepsy

A research team led by City University of Hong Kong neuroscientist Dr. Geoffrey Lau Chun-yue identified a new drug candidate, D4, that selectively blocks connexin hemichannels to suppress neuroinflammation and curbs TLE seizures in a mouse model. The findings suggest a promising new treatment strategy for epilepsy.

SourceCity University of Hong Kong·JournalProceedings of the National Academy of Sciences·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 23, 2022

Low-cost sensor records the level of rivers

Researchers at the University of Bonn have developed a cost-effective method to measure river levels around the clock using a GNSS antenna and Raspberry Pi microcomputer. The device is capable of transmitting data continuously via mobile communication, making it suitable for area-wide flood warning systems.

SourceUniversity of Bonn·JournalWater Resources Research·TypeExperimental study·DateNov 23, 2022

Egyptian lagoon vital to Cyprus turtles

A study by the University of Exeter found that 74% of green turtles foraging in Cyprus feed at Lake Bardawil, an Egyptian lagoon. The number of turtle nests has increased almost tripled since the early 1990s, but their dependence on this single location leaves them vulnerable to changes in conditions.

SourceUniversity of Exeter·JournalGlobal Ecology and Conservation·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 23, 2022

Water wars: causes and possible solutions

Researchers from Politecnico di Milano investigated water's role in conflicts, focusing on socio-hydrological conditions and unequal resource use. The study provides a new methodological approach to understanding natural resource conflicts, with potential applications for creating more accurate representations of socio-ecological systems.

SourcePolitecnico di Milano·JournalNature·TypeData/statistical analysis·DateNov 23, 2022