Researchers developed a holographic endoscope made of single-hair thin optical fibers to reconstruct images of macroscopic objects at larger imaging distances. The tool sheds light on biological processes occurring at the macromolecular and subcellular levels, allowing for better treatment of severe brain diseases like Alzheimer's.
Researchers developed lung-on-chip platforms that recapitulate the human lung's multicellular architecture and physiochemical microenvironment. These models provide a more rapid alternative for testing drug candidates to treat COVID-19-related lung infections.
Researchers have developed ceramic materials to enhance circulators, critical devices for 5G applications, by replacing yttrium with bismuth to increase energy density and enable miniaturization
A low-cost, mass-producible ventilator designed by the Mechanical Ventilator Milano collaboration has been developed to address the worldwide shortage of ventilators during the COVID-19 pandemic. The design features a simplified system with reduced functionality compared to typical ventilators, resulting in lower production costs.
A study using a scale model of a cylindrical fish cage found that artificially maintaining gentle currents inside the cage can suppress violent sloshing motions caused by ocean waves. This innovation aims to improve fish health and reduce environmental damage in sea-based fish farming systems.
Researchers found that brain diseases like Alzheimer's and Parkinson's affect men and women differently. The study suggests that accounting for sex differences in research leads to better results.
Researchers developed a method to identify single cancer cells using machine learning and pH-sensitive dye bromothymol blue. The technique can discriminate between healthy and cancerous cells, as well as different types of cancer, without inducing toxic effects or killing the cell.
Researchers found that portable HEPA air purifiers can significantly reduce in-air aerosols and spread of SARS-CoV-2, suggesting optimal placement directly in front of the person or instrument expelling aerosols. A ventilation rate of 288 cubic meters per hour is recommended for each person within the room.
Researchers developed injectable porous scaffolds that facilitate faster and better spinal cord healing by mimicking natural tissue. The highly regular pore structure improved cell infiltration, gene delivery, and tissue repair after spinal cord injury.
Using numerical modeling of cough droplets' diffusion produced by coughs, researchers in Italy explore deactivating COVID-19 virus particles via UV-C light. They found that 1 meter of social distancing is not completely safe to avoid virus transmission, while 2 meters can reduce the risk by about 50%.
Researchers developed a microwave-assisted magnetic recording technology that exploits the flux control effect to improve hard disk performance. The FC device operates effectively at high write rates, exceeding conventional write head performance and showing promise for extending areal density.
Scientists created a shape memory polymer to promote cardiomyocyte alignment and growth, providing a platform to study heart development and disease. The research uses stimuli-responsive biomaterials to mimic the dynamic microenvironment during heart development.
Scientists used laser imaging and fluorescent particles to study water flow in tire grooves, finding vortices and bubbles that can contribute to hydroplaning. The study's findings may help improve tread designs to counteract this phenomenon.
Researchers found that low-level jets can increase power production by up to 30% when positioned below turbines. Turbines placed above or at the same height as LLJs experience reduced efficiency due to blocked airflow. The study highlights the importance of optimizing turbine height for maximum energy capture.
Scientists discovered that speaking while infected with COVID-19 can spread the virus to others through aerosol droplets. In a study published in Physics of Fluids, researchers found that face-to-face contact increases the risk of transmission.
Researchers developed an AI-powered imaging-based tool to estimate hemoglobin levels using a microfluidic chip and automated microscope. The system was validated with a high correlation coefficient of 0.99, meeting regulatory standards. This innovation could revolutionize medical diagnostics by reducing costs and laboratory footprint.
Researchers develop hydrogel dressings that can promote wound healing, absorb excess fluid, and prevent infection. These biodegradable dressings are better suited for irregular and deep wounds than traditional bandages.
Researchers from Carnegie Mellon University developed a new 3D-bioprinting approach, FRESH, which enables advanced tissue fabrication by holding bioinks in place until they are cured. This method solves the distortion problem of soft and liquid bioinks, enabling the creation of functional adult-sized tissues and organs.
Researchers found porous surfaces accelerate evaporation, reducing virus survival time to three hours on paper and two days on cloth. This suggests that covering impermeable surfaces with porous materials can help prevent infection transmission.
Researchers are exploring biomaterials-based nanoparticles to strengthen vaccines against viruses. Emerging bioengineering technologies can create antiviral surfaces that disinfect themselves, reducing the spread of diseases.
Researchers used advanced computational fluid dynamics tools to study the transmission of COVID-19 in a restaurant outbreak. The simulations revealed two potential transmission pathways, including those caused by aerosols rising from beneath tables and reentry aerosols associated with limited air conditioner filtration efficiency.
Researchers have made breakthroughs in engineering models of tumors to expand cancer immunotherapy's effectiveness. By modifying the cells in a patient's immune system, scientists aim to target cold or non-inflamed tumors.
Despite advances in biosensor antifouling approaches, further development is needed to increase our arsenal of robust antifouling protection methods. Researchers have developed various techniques such as physical barriers, chemical treatments and selective membranelike coatings to protect biosensors from fouling.
Convection may be to blame for stuck-on food in nonstick pans due to temperature gradients and surface tension changes. Researchers determined conditions that lead to dry spots, including decreasing film thickness and size of deformed region below critical values.
A study by Talib Dbouk and Dimitris Drikakis from the University of Nicosia found that temperature, humidity, and wind speed significantly impact epidemic behavior. The researchers developed a new model, AIR index, which accurately predicted the timing of second outbreaks in Paris, New York City, and Rio de Janeiro.
Researchers found that air purifiers in elevators can increase saliva droplet dispersal and spread COVID-19. Installing an air purifier alters airflow significantly but does not eliminate airborne transmission.
Researchers developed experimental tools to study the effect of microwaves on viral particles, aiming to reduce infectivity. The systems are designed to contain pathogens while minimizing microwave radiation interference.
Researchers propose improved tumor models to personalize cancer treatment by analyzing patient-derived samples and clinical trials data. This approach aims to accelerate the pace of cancer research, facilitating faster and more reliable drug testing.
Researchers develop bioengineered microscale organotypic models (BMOMs) to address cancer treatment limitations. BMOMs can be integrated with microscopes and sensors to monitor biological processes in high resolution, reducing the need for animal models.
Researchers have developed a Velcro-like fastener with a microscopic mushroom design that uses softer materials and still provides strong interlocking force. This design has potential for quiet operation and can be used in various applications such as diapers, soft robotics, and grippers for robots.
Researchers observed fibroblasts circling the edge of the wound for about 50 hours, when cells began to close the void. Fibroblasts were found to be the primary drivers of wound closure, with endothelial cells playing a supporting role.
Researchers have successfully fabricated superconducting nanowires using DNA origami, allowing for precise addressability and potential applications in nanoelectronics and novel devices. The technique reduces resistance by 90% at low temperatures, enabling the creation of 3D superconducting architectures.
Researchers found that rotational deceleration causes tremendous egg yolk deformation, shedding light on brain deformation during impacts. This finding suggests that rotational impact is more harmful to brain matter than direct translational impact.
A new technique, vocal passive elastography (V-PE), uses ultrasound imaging and singing to determine the presence of a tumor in the thyroid gland. By analyzing the speed of shear waves created by vibrations from a person's voice, researchers can measure the elasticity of surrounding tissue.
A highly sensitive wearable sensor can detect early COVID-19 symptoms and monitor heart disease by detecting subtle cardiac and respiratory movements. The device, made of skin-safe material, is small enough to be attached directly to the patient's body.
Researchers designed an open-faced helmet with air filtration to contain cough droplets, minimizing disease transmission. The design reduced the risk of infection by 99.6% within 0.1 seconds.
Researchers have discovered a promising material for sodium-ion batteries, offering enhanced electrochemical performance and reduced capacity loss. The study provides new insights into the sodium storage behavior of electron-rich element-doped amorphous carbon, paving the way for large-scale sodium-ion battery development.
Researchers tested mask materials' effectiveness in blocking droplets carrying coronavirus. While masks blocked most droplets, distances under 6 feet still allowed many to escape, posing a risk of illness. Masks can offer protection but not complete protection when combined with distancing.
Researchers use a commercial hand-held particle counter to measure aerosol concentrations, finding results match laboratory-based techniques. This method helps determine infection risks and assesses the impact of ventilation improvements.
Cornell University is developing a system to convert cattle manure into methane and other products to meet peak heating demands. The proposed system produces approximately 909 million liters of renewable natural gas per year, providing 97% of the campus's annual peak heating demand.
The VENUS device simulates complex organic molecules in interstellar space conditions by replicating the strong vacuum and frigid temperatures found in space. This allows researchers to better understand how these molecules form and potentially identify prebiotic species involved in early life processes.
Researchers found that wearing a mask can actually increase the inhalation of aerosols into the nose, making fine particles smaller than 2.5 micrometers more problematic. The study suggests that choosing a more effective mask and wearing it properly are crucial to curb COVID-19 transmission.
Computational simulations reveal that fast walking in narrow corridors creates a higher transmission risk for COVID-19. The shape of the space and airflow patterns behind an individual playing a significant role in this outcome. Children are particularly vulnerable due to the trailing of virus-laden droplets at mouth level.
Researchers at Fukuoka University found that face shields alone are not effective against COVID-19 sneezes. Vortex rings generated by sneezes can capture microscopic particles and transport them inside the shield through its top and bottom edges.
Researchers adapt high-sensitivity optically pumped magnetometers to measure magnetic fields in extreme environments, including geological movements, solar flares, and neural activity. The study highlights techniques to enhance signal and reduce noise, shedding light on emerging hybrid sensors.
Scientists developed vanadium-doped titanium dioxide spindles that sensitize cancerous tumors to ultrasound waves, killing tumor cells without harming healthy tissue. The spindles catalyze chemical processes in the tumor microenvironment, attacking cells with sound waves and chemotherapy.
Researchers create a sodium cathode material inspired by mammal bones, featuring a porous system with a dense shell of reduced graphene oxide. The design enhances stability and allows for ultrahigh rate charging and long cycle life.
Researchers recommend using real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assays as the gold standard for testing, but acknowledge limitations due to false negatives. Point-of-care testing is emphasized as an urgent objective to detect the virus rapidly and early, with nano-based sensor technologies showing promise.
Researchers have developed microfiber- and nanofiber-based wearables that can track vital signs like blood pressure and cholesterol levels. These technologies could lead to non-invasive health monitoring for chronic illnesses.
Researchers have overcome a major limitation of stratospheric balloon payloads by creating an ultralight dewar that can cool large telescopes to near absolute zero. The breakthrough enables scientists to explore the cold universe and see faint signals from distant galaxies.