A model analyzed air and droplet dynamics, heat transfer, and ventilation in public transportation vehicles. It found that droplets from window seats rose more and invaded other passengers' space after exhalation, while those from aisle seats contaminated aisle passengers more due to downward flow of personal ventilation.
Researchers developed soft manipulators based on pneu-nets, mimicking biological systems like elephant trunks and octopus tentacles. These structures can grasp and manipulate soft objects with increased flexibility.
Researchers from Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Georgia Institute of Technology, and the University of California, Berkeley, describe advances in understanding phase change materials for thermal energy storage. Better understanding liquid state physics may help accelerate technology development for the energy sector.
Researchers have developed smart transformable nanoparticles that can alter their size and shape in response to physiological conditions, improving particle circulation, biodistribution, and targeted therapy for cancer theranostics. These particles promise enhanced tumor diagnoses and treatment by adapting to the physiology of tumors.
A flexible and easy-to-use micropen setup is capable of directly writing on surfaces to a microprecise level. The device allows for the printing of microarrays, lines, curves, and other structures in real-time using biomaterial or conductive ink.
A team of researchers used CARS microscopy to analyze the fat arrangement in foie gras and duck pâté. They found that foie gras had a harder, more brittle texture due to its irregularly shaped fat network. The study provides new insights into the relationship between microstructure and food texture.
Researchers developed a method to print skin equivalents with three layers, allowing for complex structures and faster healing. The technique uses suspended layer additive manufacturing and has shown promising results in repairing pig tissue.
A study by Professor Carl Mungan dispels the myth that a car will leave the ground at the crest of a hill. The research highlights the importance of normal force and speed decrease on inclines, revealing that cars will not lose contact with the road at the top of a smooth hill.
Researchers at the University of California, Davis and the University of Texas at Dallas found that listeners can reliably identify the gender of individual children as young as 5. They also discovered that identification of gender must take place jointly with the identification of age and likely physical size.
Researchers categorize origami- and kirigami-based mechanical metamaterials into six groups based on folding and cutting patterns. Hybrid designs offer great potential for shape morphing and real-world applications.
Researchers have developed a 3D cell culturing platform that allows study of lung fibroblasts and their microenvironment, enabling measurement of cell behaviors and microenvironment changes involved in IPF disease progression. The system's versatility enables personalized medicine and potential applications in studying other diseases.
Climate scientists have identified abrupt transitions in ice core records using a new statistical method. The method analyzes the ratio of two oxygen isotopes to determine whether changes are due to noise or significant climactic shifts.
Researchers created a laboratory to simulate comets in space-like conditions, measuring their properties and evolution. The CoPhyLab chamber allows scientists to compare samples and track gas evaporation and particle loss, providing insights into comet formation and solar system history.
Researchers at California State Polytechnic University use catalytic pyrolysis to upcycle plastic waste into a valuable fuel source. The process converts primary organic waste into a sustainable fuel or other valuable chemicals.
Researchers found that combining resource diversification, excess generation, building efficiency, and demand flexibility can reduce or eliminate long-duration energy storage in some regions. This approach enables the achievability of a fully renewable system with technology building blocks accessible today.
Researchers used computer simulations and experiments to find that dead zones in indoor spaces can linger with infectious aerosols up to 10 times longer than the rest of the room. This discovery highlights the need for ventilation systems based on air circulation within a room, rather than relying solely on air changes per hour.
Researchers from Harvard University and Carnegie Mellon University found that matching the locations of faces with speech sounds significantly improves understanding of speech, especially in noisy areas. Spatial alignment is more important when background noise is louder.
Researchers have developed metal-halide perovskite semiconductors as a cheaper alternative to silicon for solar cells and LEDs. The new material class offers excellent functionality and can be processed from solution, allowing for the creation of efficient devices.
Researchers from the University of Rhode Island studied the interaction between tornado-strength winds and highway overpasses, finding no evidence of wind acceleration under an overpass. The study, published in Physics of Fluids, suggests that using an overpass as a shelter during a tornado may not be safer than other options.
Researchers use physical reservoir computing to teach robots to think like humans by simulating brain signals. The system enables goal-directed behavior without additional learning, highlighting a potential breakthrough in AI development.
Researchers propose targeted interventions to contain outbreaks in cities like Hong Kong, minimizing economic and social costs. By controlling a small percentage of grids, the virus can be largely contained, offering a balance between risk reduction and human mobility.
Researchers found that vaccinating more people with a single dose can be beneficial when the vaccine waning rate is low, slowing the spread of the virus. The 'prime first' strategy prioritizes speed over double doses under supply constraints, offering an alternative to traditional vaccination protocols.
Researchers used particle-based flow simulations to model social distance and its impact on pedestrian flow dynamics. The study found that even modest densities can cause large-scale 'traffic jams,' highlighting the need for nuanced policies in public spaces.
Researchers estimate that the visible universe contains approximately 6 times 10 to the power of 80 bits of information. This numerical prediction offers a potential avenue toward experimental testing and refining predictions, including research into the hypothesis that information is the fifth state of matter in the universe.
Researchers developed an attention-based deep neural network to detect multiple ship targets, exceeding conventional networks' performance. The model focused on inherent features of the two ships simultaneously, outperforming traditional approaches.
Scientists propose an alternative model for the formation of nitrogen, oxygen, and water based on the Earth's atmosphere history. They suggest that the Earth's lower mantle can create heavier elements through nuclear transmutation under high temperatures and pressures.
Researchers found that a light breeze of about 5 mph extends effective social distancing by around 20% due to increased viral load persistence. Wearing masks outdoors reduces the chances of infection, with stronger winds increasing virus spread.
Researchers identified fundamental challenges for next-generation cathodes in improving reliability, energy density, and cost-effectiveness. The road map sets direction for research and defines benchmarks for various cathode chemistries.
Researchers developed a wearable, biocompatible, and low-cost biosensor that measures electromyography signals in muscles. The sensor uses a gold-silver nanocomposite printed onto fabric, providing a comfortable and effective way to track muscle activity.
Researchers have developed patient-specific whole-heart models to predict risk of sudden cardiac death and outcomes of cardiac procedures. These models incorporate individual geometry, structure, and other patient-specific information, enabling personalized diagnosis and treatment.
Researchers have measured the transverse electrical resistivity of a single carbon fiber using the van der Pauw method, revealing directional-dependent properties. This discovery paves the way for developing lightning strike protection technologies for aerospace and other industries.
Brain activity during wakefulness presents large integrated and dynamic network modules, which tend to vanish or fragment during sleep or under general anesthesia. The researchers built artificial time-evolving networks to test and benchmark algorithms for detecting these structures.
Scientists use statistical mechanics to explore the phenomenon of gene regulation's rhythmic changes in expression levels across the genome. They found that DNA molecules' changing shape is crucial to gene expression, potentially reconciling major theories on the topic.
Researchers designed a tubular phononic crystal to sense biochemical and physical properties of liquids. The device demonstrates sensitivity to liquid density and speed of sound, making it suitable for sensing applications.
A common glaucoma test can expel tear droplets up to a meter away from the patient, potentially spreading viruses like COVID-19. Researchers recommend improved room ventilation and cleaning protocols to minimize pathogen transmission.
Researchers found that homemade face masks made from cotton towel fabric are most effective in blocking aerosolized viruses. The study suggests that a three-layered mask is recommended for maximum efficacy, and washing has a negligible influence on mask effectiveness.
Researchers found that thin films in black tea are strengthened by chemically hardened water, making it suitable for packaged tea beverages. Conversely, acidic components like citrus reduce film visibility and add flavor to dried tea mixes.
Researchers found that nanofibers coalesce irreversibly during water aerosol exposure, reducing effective fiber length for capturing aerosols. This study aims to improve design and use of face masks made with nanofibers, highlighting the need for frequent replacement in cold environments.
Researchers developed lab-on-a-chip optical biosensors for real-time COVID-19 detection, overcoming low viral load challenges. These sensors utilize light beam interactions to detect viruses, enabling faster diagnosis and controlling outbreaks.
Researchers propose a time-sensitive network control plane as a key component of quantum networks, enabling real-time control and low costs. Industry applications include cybersecurity through quantum key distribution, but standardization and certification are needed.
Researchers found that the protruding eyes and mouth of stingrays increase negative pressure and pressure difference, leading to increased thrust and propulsion efficiency. The study reveals design principles for next-generation aquatic vehicles.
Researchers explored wind turbine dynamics under simultaneous wind and earthquake excitation, finding a coupling effect between aerodynamic damping and blade stiffness. This knowledge can guide seismic design of wind turbines and inform determination of wind-earthquake combinations.
Recent studies suggest that cosmic rays, originating from supernova remnants and pulsars, have a significant impact on galactic dynamics and star formation. The streaming instability triggered by cosmic rays in the interstellar medium can create plasma waves that heat and scatter gas, influencing the formation of planets and stars.
Researchers found that wood vinegar and tar fraction in bio-oil produced from hazelnut shells pyrolysis at 400 C to 1,000 C contain high concentrations of phenolic substances, which contribute to their antioxidant activity. The study suggests using these fractions as a potential renewable energy source.
Researchers pair metal halide perovskites with conventional silicon to create a more powerful solar cell, overcoming the 26% practical efficiency limit. The technology has the potential to rapidly scale up solar energy production and help meet ambitious climate change targets.
A physics model simulates hand-washing to estimate the time scales on which particles like viruses and bacteria are removed from hands. The study finds that vigorous movement for about 20 seconds is necessary to dislodge these particles, consistent with traditional guidelines.
Research reveals that exposure to airborne or waterborne particulate matter can disrupt the body's mucosal system, leading to health conditions such as respiratory and heart diseases. The study highlights the importance of understanding how particles affect mucus structure and function to mitigate negative health outcomes.
A large cross-sectional study in Canada found no association between loud noise exposure and changes in biomarkers for cardiovascular disease or outcomes. However, there were associations found between noise and several biomarkers, but these remained statistically insignificant after adjusting for important variables.
Computational modeling reveals that smaller drug particles can reach the distal region of airways, improving treatment efficacy. The study aims to enhance inhaler design and reduce drug loss, benefiting patients with respiratory illnesses.
Researchers built an artificial antrum to study the complex flow patterns and mechanical stresses in the stomach. The prototype revealed a classifying effect based on droplet breakup and transport phenomena, showing how lower stomach contraction waves classify foods.