Researchers found that vaccination with Streptococcus mitis boosted production of IgG and IgA antibodies, as well as Th17 cells, offering protection against certain serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae. The study suggests that this natural human colonizer could be used to develop a safe vaccine against the disease.
New research suggests that taking non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) for pain can increase the risk of severe Clostridium difficile infections. The study found that brief exposure to an NSAID prior to infection worsened infection severity and shortened survival in mice.
A team of investigators from the University of Pittsburgh has identified compounds that block the reactivation of latent HIV-1 in a human cell line. The research, published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy, found 12 kinase inhibitors that irreversibly blocked HIV-1 reactivation with minimal toxicity.
A study found that prions, infectious proteins causing Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, accumulate in the retina and other parts of the eye. The discovery could lead to new diagnostic tests and treatments for the disease.
A combination therapy of polymyxin B/trimethoprim has shown promising results against bacterial keratitis, a leading cause of blindness. The treatment eradicated infections in 70% of animal models and showed a low rate of spontaneous resistance.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that antibiotic-resistant E. coli bacteria in wild giraffes most likely come from anthropogenic sources. The research suggests that young giraffes are more likely to harbor resistant bacteria, potentially due to competition between strains.
Researchers found that supermarket produce is a reservoir for transferable antibiotic resistance genes, which can evade traditional detection methods. The study highlights the importance of characterizing the resistome in produce and emphasizes the need for improved detection methods.
Scientists have discovered a compound that strongly inhibits botulinum neurotoxin, potentially reversing paralysis caused by the toxin. Nitrophenyl psoralen, identified through high-throughput screening of natural compounds, shows powerful anti-botulinum toxin activity with low toxicity to human cells.
Researchers in Belgium have identified an additional inoculation source for lambic beer production, the wooden casks or foeders. The microbial compositions of these surfaces differed statistically based on barrel cleaning procedures and type, reflecting different characteristics of lambic barrels.
Researchers identified alexidine dihydrochloride as a pan-antifungal compound with low mammalian cell toxicity and efficacy against biofilms. The compound potentiates fluconazole's effectiveness and eradicates biofilms in mice central venous catheters.
Researchers found a correlation between showerhead bacteria and lung infections in areas with high pathogenic mycobacteria presence. Households with chlorinated water had higher mycobacterial abundances, highlighting the public health relevance of showerhead biofilms.
Researchers found that today's mix of soil bacteria is strongly influenced by the climate of 50 years ago. The study predicts that as soil microbes adjust to today's climate over the next few decades, their diversity will increase across most of the Tibetan Plateau and northern North America.
A recent study suggests that infant gut microbiota composition at 2 years of life is associated with body mass index (BMI) at age 12. The researchers found a stronger relationship between gut microbiota taxa and BMI z-scores as the kids got older, indicating that gut microbiota may be an early warning sign for detecting obesity.
Researchers have developed a new method for administering the antibiotic ceftriaxone through rectal delivery, which could save thousands of newborn lives annually. The approach builds upon earlier work and has been shown to be effective in treating critically ill patients with sepsis.
Researchers developed a virus nanoparticle vaccine against anthrax and plague, providing complete protection in animal models. The dual vaccine was effective even when animals were exposed to lethal doses of both pathogens.
Researchers found that infants with higher levels of Bifidobacterium had reduced antimicrobial resistance genes and lower frequency of resistant bacteria. This suggests that colonization by the microbe can help guard the infant intestine.
A recent study used an artificial intestine to investigate how changes in diet affect the microbiome. The research found that a switch from a western diet to one composed exclusively of dietary fats led to increased populations of fatty-acid metabolizing bacteria and decreased production of short chain fatty acids, which are compounds ...
Researchers have successfully deployed a Zika virus vaccine to target and kill human glioblastoma brain cancer stem cells in mice, offering a potential new treatment option. The vaccine demonstrated effectiveness in delaying tumor development and prolonging survival time in mouse models.
Researchers found that the microbiome can detect exposure to banned nerve agents like soman by identifying specific bacterial and plant species. These signatures of exposure persist for at least 72 hours after exposure and can be detected non-invasively, making it possible to identify exposed individuals before symptoms develop.
A new study published in mSphere found that FMDV carriers can transmit the virus to naïve animals under controlled conditions. The findings impact global foot-and-mouth disease management and highlight the need for better vaccines to prevent carrier states.
Research published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found that probiotics increased the severity of cryptosporidiosis in mice, defying initial hypotheses. The study suggests that manipulating gut microbiota may hold potential for developing probiotics to mitigate the disease.
A pilot study shows that immersing city-dwelling children in a traditional hunter-gatherer lifestyle for two weeks increases their gut microbiota diversity, while adults' microbiota remain stable. Researchers hope to replicate these findings with a larger study involving urban children and traditional village diets.
Researchers have developed a new drug that targets EBV-positive tumors and inhibits tumor development and metastases for EBV-related lymphomas. The findings suggest the drug may be useful in treating malignancies in EBV-positive patients.
A large population-based study identified variations in the tongue microbiota among community-dwelling elderly adults in Japan, showing an association with tooth conditions. The study found that a specific group of commensal bacteria were more predominant in those with fewer teeth and dental caries.
A new study found that trace amounts of antibiotics in leeches' environment can increase resistant bacteria, which displaced healthy microbes. The research suggests a low threshold for antibiotic exposure to boost resistant microbes.
Researchers developed a new approach to measuring recreational water quality, focusing on the quantity and type of mammalian feces in the water. They found that ecosystem-specific characteristics, such as freshwater sediment and estuary transport, also play a significant role in determining enterococci concentrations.
Researchers have discovered a potential malaria vaccine target in the ICAM1 binding motif, which is critical to the parasite's virulence. Children with higher antibody levels to this motif had lower rates of clinical and severe malaria.
A study published in Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy found that nearly half of all prescriptions reviewed were prescribed unnecessarily, with a third of cases involving non-face-to-face encounters. The research highlights the need for improved antibiotic stewardship in outpatient clinics.
A simple sampling method using swabs from environmental surfaces has been shown to detect viral genetic material in foot and mouth disease outbreaks. This method can be easily performed by smallholder farmers without clinical expertise, providing an effective tool for early detection.
A study involving wild and captive baboons found evidence of antibiotic resistance in their gut microbiomes, even without human-produced antibiotic exposure. The researchers used functional metagenomics to identify resistance genes, revealing a surprising enrichment of Actinobacteria in wild baboon populations.
Researchers have successfully cultured Treponema pallidum, the bacterium that causes syphilis, using a novel method. The breakthrough, published in mBio, could lead to improved understanding of the disease and the development of new treatments.
Research reveals that lytic bacteriophages contribute to PD by reducing neurotransmitter-producing bacteria, and may be a diagnostic and treatment target.
A hospital outbreak of carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) revealed that resistance genes were being shared among unrelated bacteria via plasmids and other mobile genetic elements. This finding highlights the need to expand infection control efforts to include multiple strains and species to halt outbreaks.
Researchers develop flexible vaccine platform for single-dose protection against a range of infectious diseases. The technology offers rapid, large-scale production and is suitable for repeated use.
Research finds higher Treg lymphocyte levels in uninfected babies born to mothers with HIV, suggesting a protective mechanism against infection. This discovery could pave the way for vaccine or immune-based therapies to prevent HIV transmission from mothers to their babies.
A recent study found that half of ICU patients with severe influenza received false negative rapid influenza antigen test (RIAT) results, delaying antiviral therapy. The researchers suggest that testing lower respiratory tract samples is crucial for diagnosis and treatment in such cases.
Researchers discovered a carbapenem-resistant, hypermucoviscous Klebsiella pneumoniae isolate with enhanced virulence and colistin heteroresistance from a patient in the US. The bacteria's increased virulence poses a significant threat to healthcare settings.
Research shows that kitchen towels can harbor pathogens, including coliforms, Enterococcus spp., and S. aureus, which can cause food poisoning. Factors such as family composition, dietary habits, and towel usage patterns impact bacterial growth on towels.
A study found that 71.4% of residents in Nguyen Xa village, Vietnam harbored colistin-resistant E. coli bacteria, which showed multidrug resistance to at least one antibiotic drug in three or more classes. The prevalence of household members possessing colistin-resistant E. coli was also high (80.6%).
A pivotal trial of PRO 140, a long-acting HIV therapy, achieved significant viral load reduction when combined with optimized antiretroviral treatment. The study met its primary efficacy endpoint and showed promising results for patients previously treated with HIV-1 infection.
Staphylococcus aureus uses specific amino acid biosynthesis pathways to obtain essential nutrients from host tissues during invasive infection. The discovery sheds light on how bacterial pathogens survive in bone and may lead to the development of new antimicrobial therapies.
ARS researchers found 34 E. coli isolates with resistance to antimicrobial drugs in the Upper Oconee Watershed. The presence of pathogenic strains like ST131 poses a risk of antimicrobial resistance in surface waters, but scientists assure it's not a threat to public health due to proper disinfection methods.
Researchers used microbial signatures to identify non-resident burglars in mock crimes, achieving accuracy above 60% and demonstrating potential as forensic evidence. The study collected samples from residents' nostrils, hands, and home surfaces before and after simulated break-ins.
Researchers have identified influenza viruses jumping from pigs into dogs, increasing the risk of a future pandemic. The study found that these viruses can reassort with existing canine influenza viruses, producing new strains.
A study published in Applied and Environmental Microbiology found a surplus of pathogenic bacteria in placentas from premature births, supporting the hypothesis that maternal infection may cause preterm birth. The research also discovered evidence of placental bacteria in healthy pregnancies, challenging conventional wisdom.
Researchers identified a correlation between gut microbial composition and microRNA expression in human colorectal cancer. The study found that dozens of microRNAs are differentially regulated in colorectal cancer tumors and are correlated with the abundance of microbes in the tumor microenvironment.
A study has isolated colistin-resistant E. coli from commercial poultry farms in China and hospital patients, revealing the coexistence of mcr-1 and mcr-3 resistance genes on a single plasmid. This finding poses a significant threat to public health due to the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
Researchers reveal malaria parasite's hidden reservoir in bone marrow, where it can remain undetectable by blood tests. The findings may help explain why many malaria infections go undetected and inform new diagnostic tools.
Researchers discovered a new resistance mechanism in Acinetobacter baumannii that blocks the critical antibiotic colistin. The mechanism involves disruption of the hns gene by an insertion sequence element, leading to increased expression of genes that boost colistin resistance.
Research reveals tampons, particularly those made from cotton and rayon, can foster Staphylococcus aureus growth and production of toxic shock toxin. Menstrual cups may harbor bacteria more effectively, increasing risk.