Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine have discovered new Alzheimer's disease targets through proteomics, which may lead to a better understanding of the disease mechanism. They identified tangle-like structures that sequester proteins critical for RNA splicing in early stages of the disease.
Researchers from Marcus Autism Center found intensive behavioral intervention to be effective in eliminating pica in children with autism spectrum disorder. The treatment involved blocking inappropriate eating, redirecting behavior, and rewarding disposal of non-edible objects, resulting in a 96% reduction in pica in most cases.
A team of researchers is exploring the blood of Ebola virus disease survivors to identify antibodies and immune cells that could help doctors fight future infections. The study aims to develop fully human antibodies targeting the Ebola viruses to guide the development of improved therapeutics and vaccines.
A study in Albania found that traditional communities' understanding of local plants is crucial for their well-being. The researchers recorded 418 plant uses, highlighting the overlap between cultures and the importance of preserving this knowledge for science and community improvement.
Researchers mapped 184 genetic duplications to aid in the interpretation of copy number variations (CNVs) found in individuals referred for genetic testing. The study found that most CNVs were inherited from a parent and often disrupted nearby genes, making it difficult to pinpoint particular genes responsible for medical conditions.
A study found that recent marijuana use is associated with symptoms of airway inflammation, while moderate lifetime smoking has no significant impact on lung function. Researchers analyzed data from over 5,000 adults and discovered a link between marijuana use and respiratory symptoms.
Babies as young as 15 months can learn communicative skills from commercial videos, recognizing and producing signs with similar accuracy to parents' instructions. The study contradicts previous research on limited learning potential in this age group.
The study found a significant decrease in mortality rates among extremely premature infants between 2000 and 2011, with the largest declines observed in infants born at 23 or 24 weeks of gestation. Deaths attributed to respiratory distress syndrome and immaturity accounted for the majority of the reduction in mortality.
A new study finds that traditional yak dung burning in Tibetan households releases high levels of fine particulate matter, including black carbon. The pollution poses a significant health risk to the local population, who spend most of their time indoors during the cold season.
Researchers have made significant advancements in directly functionalizing C-H bonds in natural products by selectively installing new carbon-carbon bonds into complex alkaloids and nitrogen-containing drug molecules. This breakthrough could greatly reduce the time and number of steps needed to create derivatives of natural products.
A new clinical study found that tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) supplementation can dial back excessive sympathetic nervous system activation, leading to positive effects on arterial stiffness. BH4 is a cofactor for nitric oxide synthesis and has been shown to have beneficial effects on blood pressure and cardiovascular risk factors.
Vaccines targeting HIV can backfire and lead to increased infection rates if they activate too many viral target cells. A recent primate model study found that higher levels of activated CD4+ T cells in mucosal tissues were associated with an increased risk of infection.
Researchers have completed a detailed picture of human color vision evolution, tracing 7 genetic mutations and 5,040 pathways from UV to blue-light vision. The study clarifies molecular pathways at the chemical, genetic, and functional levels.
A team of mathematicians has proved the Umbral Moonshine Conjecture, offering a finite calculation for this complex pattern. The conjecture has potential applications in various areas of math and physics.
A phase III clinical trial found that treatment with progesterone after traumatic brain injury provided no significant benefits compared to placebo. The study involved 49 trauma centers and 882 patients, but was stopped early due to safety concerns.
Researchers used electrodes to record single neurons' activity in singing Bengalese finches, finding that precise timing of spikes contains more information than rate. The study's findings could improve prosthetic limb control and provide insights into brain function.
A new study reveals that targeting specific immune cells in the gut can reduce the risk of HIV transmission by 2.7 times. The findings suggest that existing drugs for inflammatory bowel diseases could be effective in treating or preventing HIV infection.
A clinical trial found that patients who received more CD34+ bone marrow cells experienced significant benefits, with improved ejection fraction and lower rates of major adverse cardiac events. The study, which enrolled 161 patients, showed a dose-dependent trend in the effects of cell therapy on heart function.
A recent study published in Nature Climate Change found that climate change will slow China's efforts to reduce infectious diseases like diarrheal and vector-borne diseases. The researchers predict that changes to the global climate could delay China's progress by up to seven years by 2030.
A high-fructose diet during adolescence can exacerbate depressive-like behavior and alter the brain's response to stress. The study found that rats on a high-fructose diet had an altered stress hormone response and changed genetic pathways associated with stress regulation.
GAS5, a long intergenic non-coding RNA, acts as a brake on steroid hormone receptors, preventing them from binding DNA. Researchers have gained insights into how GAS5 RNA interacts with steroid hormone receptors and its potential role in disease.
Women with complete androgen insensitivity syndrome (CAIS) have brain responses similar to those of typical women when viewing sexual images, a new study reveals. This finding supports the theory that androgens are key to masculine responses, and suggests CAIS individuals are psychologically typical despite having a Y chromosome.
Researchers found that macrophages, thought to be HIV's long-term hideout, are actually short-lived in primate model. The study suggests that therapeutic strategies targeting infected macrophages could facilitate viral elimination.
A long-term study of wild brown mouse lemurs found they can live at least eight years, twice as long as previously estimated, with no physical signs of aging. The research also revealed no difference in testosterone levels between male and female mouse lemurs, challenging previous assumptions about the role of testosterone in aging.
Researchers highlight gaps in vaccination due to skepticism about childhood vaccines and international travel bringing measles into the country. Experts call for accessible vaccination and research on addressing public concerns about vaccine safety.
Researchers use DNA-based tension probes to measure the mechanical forces at the molecular level, revealing how cells sense and interact with their environment. The study provides a new understanding of cellular mechanics and its significance in various biological processes.
A study of individuals with Down syndrome has identified large rare deletions involving cilia genes as common causes of congenital heart defects. The research also suggests that these genetic alterations may impact other organs beyond the heart, leading to personalized healthcare approaches for affected individuals.
Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine have identified a protein called urokinase-type plasminogen activator or uPA that helps brain cells recover from injuries induced by loss of blood flow. The study found that treating mice with uPA after an experimental stroke can improve their recovery of motor function.
Researchers at Marcus Autism Center studied delay discounting in parental decision-making, finding that parents' willingness to engage in treatment for their children's problem behavior decreases with longer delay. The study aimed to design treatment programs that families can stick to and help them adhere to.
Researchers discovered cesium carbonate generates an aggregate state that acts as the starting point for catalytic reactions. This finding has the potential to impact C-H functionalization reactions and catalytic reaction development.
A large clinical trial found that an H7N9 flu vaccine mixed with an adjuvant provided a protective immune response in 59% of participants. The addition of the adjuvant enhanced the effectiveness of the vaccine, even at lower dosages.
A new clinical trial found that drug combinations not including efavirenz are effective as first-line antiretroviral therapy for HIV patients who cannot tolerate efavirenz. The study showed high rates of HIV control and immune system restoration with these regimens, but noted differences in tolerability.
A new study published in PLOS Pathogens shows that an irradiation plus transplantation combination approach can treat or even possibly cure HIV/AIDS in nonhuman primates. The treatment eliminated most of the animals' CD4-T cells, allowing their own virus-free hematopoietic stem cells to regenerate blood and immune cells.
Researchers at Emory University discovered that platelets can 'feel' their environment and respond by increasing stickiness, leading to the formation of clots. Modifying material stiffness could reduce clot formation in medical devices.
A new study confirms that maternal breast milk is a primary source of postnatal cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection in very low-birth-weight (VLBW) infants. The researchers found that CMV-seronegative and leukoreduced blood transfusions effectively prevent transmission, but breastfeeding from CMV-positive mothers poses a significant risk.
A review article examines how humans and non-human species respond to unfairness, revealing that reactions are driven by cooperation and social reciprocity. The study suggests that fairness is not the primary motivator, but rather maintaining good relations through reward division.
A simple, disposable testing device analyzes a single droplet of blood to diagnose anemia, with results available in about 60 seconds. The device has shown promising sensitivity and specificity compared to conventional hematology analyzers.
Researchers found that antibiotic treatment before vaccination impaired antibody responses in mice, while gut bacteria played a crucial role. The study's findings suggest that the microbiome could be harnessed to modulate vaccine efficacy and may explain variations in vaccine responses globally.
Scientists applied iPS cell technology to a transgenic nonhuman primate model of Huntington's disease, developing cellular features of the condition and discovering potential therapies for oxidative stress. This approach could aid in the discovery and evaluation of other treatments for the disorder.
A new framework by Aaron Stutz reveals that the human population explosion was rooted in ancient political and economic organization, with a tipping point around 1,500 years ago. This insight offers a fresh perspective on modern-day population dynamics and potential consequences for society.
A new strategy for generating broadly cross-reactive antibodies has been developed against the H5N1 flu virus. Researchers found that human volunteers immunized with the H5N1 virus generated antibodies against the stem region of the viral hemagglutinin protein, which could provide protection against a variety of flu strains.
Researchers at Yerkes National Primate Research Center discovered that the amygdala has an inhibitory effect on stress hormones during early development, contrary to adult responses. Monkeys with neonatal amygdala damage show increased cortisol levels and elevated CRF, yet exhibit reduced fear and aggression.
The article highlights the importance of recognizing Ebola virus infection and isolating patients in hospitals worldwide. Despite concerns about transmission, experts argue that developed countries' effective hospital infection control practices minimize the risk of further spread.
A comprehensive review article reveals shared nervous system mechanisms governing mammalian parental motivation, including the role of oxytocin and testosterone. This understanding can lead to improved social development and benefit future generations of humans and animals.
Researchers discovered that the Notch signaling pathway is involved in adult fear memory formation. MicroRNAs, specifically miRNA-34a, regulate the pathway and are increased after fear learning occurs. This study provides a starting point for developing new treatments against PTSD.
Researchers identify mechanism explaining Zipf's law, a pattern found in complex systems. The study uses neural data from blowflies to demonstrate how the law arises when units respond to a hidden variable.
Boys with fragile X syndrome exhibit a relative strength in socialization skills compared to communication and daily living skills, which decline over time. The study's findings suggest that continued attention to adaptive behavior is crucial for individuals with fragile X syndrome.
Researchers at Emory University School of Medicine found that XPro1595 can protect vulnerable neurons and reduce motor deficits in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. The drug targets tumor necrosis factor, a critical inflammatory signaling molecule, and showed benefits when administered by subcutaneous injection.
The guidelines, developed by an expert volunteer panel, integrate cutting-edge biomedical advances with evidence-based behavioral interventions for the care of people living with HIV or at high risk for infection. The recommendations include a call for antiretroviral therapy and pre-exposure prophylaxis to prevent HIV transmission.
Researchers found that a mutated CRISPR system in Francisella novicida bacteria makes them more vulnerable to antibiotics and immune responses. The study suggests the regulatory role of Cas9 in envelope integrity and membrane permeability, potentially impacting bacterial virulence.