CLIPP monitors optical power by detecting conductance variation caused by surface state absorption, enabling non-invasive on-chip monitoring of large-scale photonic integrated circuits. The technology has been applied to identification and feedback control of optical signals, offering improved stability and performance.
A newly developed community park in Ventura, California, was found to increase physical activity and improve mental well-being among residents in low-income neighborhoods. The study suggests that green spaces play a crucial role in enhancing human health in marginalized areas.
A study on refining waterbird habitat conservation in compact urban areas using Nature-Based Solutions (NbS). The project developed a model with six strategies to restore coastal wetland habitats, resulting in notable increases in target species and ecosystem services. It offers valuable insights for ecological restoration across China.
A nationwide cohort study of 254,670 Chinese adults aged 40-80 years reveals significant interactions between age, gender, and sleep duration on lipid levels. The study highlights the importance of considering age in studies of gender differences in metabolic diseases and advocates for personalized prevention and management strategies.
A recent study found that high nitrogen fertilizer application significantly enhances soil carbon sequestration, primarily through vertical transport of organic matter. This redistribution leads to a greater distribution of new organic carbon in deeper soil layers, resulting in increased soil carbon storage.
Researchers evaluated current carbon sinks in Wensu County, identified spatial patterns, and developed ecological restoration strategies. The study found that southern foothills have the best carbon sequestration capacity, with proposed strategies to boost carbon sinks by integrating with other ecological goals
Researchers developed all-optical routers that guide light based on its wavelength and polarization, achieving efficient optical signal control. These compact devices can handle six types of input light, enhancing information processing capability.
This article discusses co-creative strategies for embracing pyric forces in landscape architecture. It highlights the potential of beneficial fire and promotes collaboration with fire stewards to gain insights. Landscape architects are encouraged to become active stewards themselves.
This article proposes a pathway for creating smart neighborhoods by integrating intelligent technology with scenario-based operations. It explores how this approach can improve the design, construction, and operation of future urban neighborhoods, providing a reference for China's smart neighborhood construction.
ChatGPT has shown impressive capabilities in tasks related to knowledge-mining and text-generation, but exhibited limitations in quantitative analysis and reasoning. The researchers emphasize the importance of human expert augmentation and efficient prompt engineering to minimize hallucination and improve response accuracy.
This study evaluates the quality of GAN-generated results in landscape architecture masterplan generation and their effectiveness in design workflows. Image analysis and user surveys show high levels of visual realism and preference for color and texture in GAN-generated layouts and masterplans.
The Quantitative Biology journal has published a commentary on large cellular models (LCMs), featuring influential authors and AI models such as scBERT and Geneformer. These models have revolutionized single-cell data processing and analysis, offering unprecedented insights into biological processes.
Researchers propose a time-division multiplexing (TDM) planning strategy for compact cities' parking lots, balancing vehicle and pedestrian needs. The approach combines technical expertise with community engagement to create efficient and sustainable spaces.
Researchers developed a new rubber-like optical fiber for UV detection using poly(dimethylsiloxane) doped with an organic dye that acts as a molecular switch. The material can be reused multiple times and is expected to integrate smart textiles and wearable devices for continuous UV dose monitoring.
Site-specific digital twins offer a promising approach to urban design and community engagement by integrating virtual and physical realms, promoting inclusive and responsive development. The concept encourages scalability and specificity in applying DT techniques, facilitating data integration and cross-scale twinning.
The paper reviews existing assessment tools for digitalized low-carbon urban planning and design, highlighting their limitations and application shortcomings. The study categorizes and compares 19 assessment tools, focusing on city-scale and district/neighborhood-scale carbon assessment tools.
Researchers developed an approach to deliver intracellular therapeutic proteins using engineered extracellular vesicles (EVs), bypassing the need for scaffold proteins. This method demonstrated significant activation of interferon signaling and potent antitumor responses in both in vitro and in vivo experiments.
Researchers develop a phytic acid-based nanomedicine that targets and inhibits the mTOR pathway, reducing lipid accumulation and inflammation in liver tissue. The treatment shows promise in alleviating the progression of metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (MASH) and improving liver function.
The study found that Ni particle size influences CO2 activation pathways, with smaller particles favoring direct dissociation and larger particles favoring hydrogenation dissociation. Larger particles also show superior resistance to carbon formation.
Researchers developed TurCaMP, a bright cyan fluorescent protein that accurately monitors mitochondrial calcium dynamics. Its unique properties enable stable basal fluorescence in the physiological pH range, facilitating accurate and multiplexed calcium dynamics monitoring.
A study evaluates 21 large language models in mining gene relations and pathway knowledge, finding significant disparities in model performance. API-based models excel in predicting gene regulatory relations, while LLMs show effectiveness in gene network analysis and pathway mapping.
Researchers proposed a WS-SE approach for FAC, incorporating frequency-domain and image-domain features with channel attention, achieving more efficient performance than CNN. The study also introduces a learning strategy from a causal view to exploit attribute label relationships, enabling high-confidence effect attribute inference.
The study evaluated cultivated land quality in China, identifying trends in suitability, contiguity, resilience, and ecological stress. It proposed goals for improving cultivated land quality and constructed a differentiated path to achieve synergies among food security and environmental protection
Saline-alkali land in China offers potential for arable expansion, but requires targeted improvement techniques to reduce salinity and enhance fertility. Researchers propose strategies such as freshwater irrigation, mulched drip irrigation, and crop breeding for saline soil tolerance.
CARM1 plays a significant role in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) progression by interacting with HIF1A. The study demonstrates that CARM1 promotes proliferation, invasion, EMT, and stemness in TNBC cells, highlighting its potential as a biomarker for cancer progression.
A new generative model, SCREEN, using masked variational autoencoder and optimal transport mapping outperforms baseline methods in predicting single-cell gene expression responses. SCREEN's robustness to data noise and cell type imbalance makes it applicable to various scenarios.
Researchers aim to develop universal genetic circuits that can be transferred to various organisms, overcame host-specific gene expression machinery and metabolism limitations. Expanding regulatory toolbox and integrating computer-aided design tools will enable automatic design of universal circuits for non-model organisms.
A new research proposes partially-hiding functional encryption schemes with fine-grained access control, enabling ciphertexts to be generated according to an access policy and secret keys associated with attributes and functions. This framework achieves semi-adaptive, simulation-based security under standard assumptions.
A new encryption scheme using ideal lattices tackles security challenges with quantum algorithms, allowing efficient data retrieval and end-to-end sharing. The scheme uses online/offline technology and proxy re-encryption for authorized access.
Researchers developed universal genetic parts, including RNA polymerase activation module and transcriptional repression modules, in four non-model organisms. These parts demonstrate excellent universality and functional predictability across diverse microbial hosts.
A recent study found that a genetic variant associated with obesity risk also influences thermogenesis in humans, suggesting an African origin story linked to adapting to cold environments. The research team analyzed the rs1421085 T>C variant and its correlation with human migration routes.
Soil degradation, plant autotoxicity, and soil-borne diseases are primary causes of continuous cropping obstacles. Effective measures to reduce CCOs include regulating the rhizosphere, optimizing water and fertilizer management, conservation tillage, and soil biological regulation.
Researchers propose using ultrashort laser pulses to generate terahertz radiation by accelerating electrons and stopping them in a dielectric layer. The proposal aims to increase the efficiency of photo emissive coatings to scale up such sources.
A new compact scheme for coherent beam combining is developed to deliver high average power femtosecond lasers at 2.0 μm, overcoming the limitations of previous systems. The scheme achieves an efficiency of ~81% and generates pulses with peak powers up to 4 MW.
Researchers developed a novel index-free and purely local motif-based graph local clustering algorithm, improving scalability and efficiency on massive graphs. The proposed algorithm outperforms existing methods with extensive experiments on seven widely used real-world graph benchmarks.
A new research proposes a constrained Clustering with Weak Label Prior (CWLP) to improve clustering performance by incorporating compound weak label prior information. The approach combines pairwise constraints and cluster ratio information, achieving superior results on benchmark datasets.
A study found that dysregulated YAP signaling promotes aortic dissection formation by reducing intrinsic smooth muscle cell stiffness. Decreased AoSMC stiffness leads to increased elastin fragmentation and deficient collagen production, promoting AD formation.
Researchers developed pyrochlore La2Zr2–xNixO7 anodes to improve the efficiency of ammonia-based solid oxide fuel cells. These materials exhibit excellent electrochemical performance and durability, enabling high power density operation at intermediate temperatures.
Recent studies have identified distinct skeletal stem cell (SSC) populations in long bones, craniofacial bones, and spine, with unique properties essential for specific bone formation processes. Aging SSCs exhibit reduced osteochondrogenic activity, contributing to a pro-inflammatory environment in the bone marrow.
Researchers developed and validated a new DNA methylation clock (iCAS-DNAmAge) to estimate chronological age in Chinese cohorts, outperforming existing clocks. The study provides valuable tools for assessing biological age and informs aging intervention strategies.
Hyperuricemia has become the fourth most common chronic metabolic condition in China, affecting over 185 million individuals. A recent study by Professor YIN Huiyong's team reveals a mechanism linking fatty acid oxidation to hepatic urate synthesis and hyperuricemia.
The study clarifies the role of GPR35 in liver zonation and MASLD by analyzing spatial multi-omics data. Key findings include the regulation of lipid accumulation, inflammatory responses, and metabolic processes across different liver regions.
The Aral Sea, once the fourth-largest lake in the world, has shrunk to 10% of its original volume due to water diversion for cotton plantations. The article proposes a new design approach that acknowledges human devastation while slowing the sea's disappearance through ecological markers and materials.
A comprehensive transcriptional atlas of human adenomyosis has been created using single-cell RNA-sequencing and spatial transcriptomics. The study reveals unique epithelial and stromal subpopulations and aberrant signaling pathways involved in adenomyosis, supporting both invagination and metaplasia theories.
The article emphasizes the importance of enhancing infrastructure resilience in resilient city construction. It highlights the need for whole-process, multi-factor, multisystem research on urban resilience as a crucial reference for planning and design.
Researchers have identified a novel human gene LY6A, which encodes the candidate ortholog of mouse Ly-6A/Sca-1. The gene is found to be overexpressed in pituitary tumors compared to normal tissues.
The new electrostatic air sampler enhances the rapid monitoring of airborne viruses through high airflow rates and improved collection efficiency. It can detect viral presence in indoor environments within 40 minutes using PCR analysis.
A recent study proposes a framework that formulates program retrieval as a multi-relational graph similarity problem, leveraging dual-level attention to assign weights to nodes in multi-relational graphs. This approach enables more comprehensive portrayal of program and query semantics.
A new type of reverse electrodialysis heat engine (REDHE) has been developed to convert low-grade heat into electricity. The REDHE incorporates helium-gap diffusion distillation as the thermal separation unit and achieves high energy conversion efficiency when optimized parameters are used.
Metabolic cell death in cancer arises from imbalances in cellular metabolism due to nutrient and metal overload. Targeting these vulnerabilities offers novel avenues to overcome resistance to conventional therapies.