Researchers have solved a long-standing mystery about how particles behave outside a black hole's photon sphere using string theory. The study finds that string theory resolves singularities caused by tidal effects on nearby strings, supporting the idea of extended objects like strings as degrees of freedom in quantum gravity.
A new study advances a decisive test to investigate the origin of solar-mass black holes, which may be connected to dark matter. The research suggests that such black holes could have formed in the early Universe, contradicting conventional stellar evolution astrophysics.
Researchers at Kavli IPMU propose a novel scenario for primordial black hole formation, suggesting they could account for all or part of dark matter. They also suggest that PBHs could be responsible for some gravitational wave signals and seed supermassive black holes found in the center of our Galaxy.
Researchers use radio telescopes to search for dark matter near neutron stars, with the goal of detecting the elusive axion particle. The study imposes strong limits on axion particles with masses between 5-11 micro electron-volt, a crucial step towards confirming the theory.
A new method to measure polarization angle developed, achieving precision twice that of previous work. A hint of parity symmetry violation found in the cosmic microwave background radiation with 99.2% confidence level.
A team of researchers has analyzed data to infer the nature of compact object orbiting within LS 5039, the brightest gamma-ray binary system in the Galaxy. The team suggests that particle acceleration process is caused by interactions between dense stellar winds and ultra-strong magnetic fields of a rotating magnetar.
The XENON1T experiment has observed a surprising excess of 53 events over expected backgrounds, sparking theories on potential sources such as tritium, axions, or altered neutrino properties. The solar axion hypothesis holds the most significance at 3.5 sigma, while other explanations remain consistent with data.
A team of researchers proposes that gravitational waves could be evidence of a phase transition in the early universe, allowing for neutrino particles to reshuffle matter and anti-matter. This imbalance is thought to have prevented a complete annihilation of matter and anti-matter.
An international team of researchers has successfully detected a gamma-ray burst in very-high-energy gamma light, challenging current understanding of these phenomena. The detection was made using the H.E.S.S. telescope and reveals the presence of extremely accelerated particles that exist long after the explosion.
A study by University of Tokyo researchers found that parental gender role attitudes and negative images of STEM fields contribute to Japanese girls' reduced university participation. Parents who support gender equality can encourage girls to pursue STEM fields.
Researchers developed a neural network model using machine learning to predict Universe structure formation. The new model is more accurate than existing analytic methods and efficient enough for large-scale simulations.
A new imaging diagnosis device called a Compton camera enables simultaneous PET and SPECT scans, reducing time and radiation exposure. Researchers detected and imaged radioactive tracers with improved accuracy, paving the way for new forms of medical analysis.
A new study by Hirosi Ooguri and Daniel Harlow finds that symmetry is not possible in quantum gravity when combined with the holographic principle. This breaks the long-held expectation of physicists and has several important consequences, including proton stability and magnetic monopole existence.
A team of researchers identified 5 super luminous supernovae and about 400 Type Ia supernovae using the Subaru Telescope's Hyper Suprime-Cam. The discovery includes 58 Type Ia supernovae 8 billion light years away, revealing new insights into the expansion of the Universe.
An international team of researchers used the Subaru telescope to detect primordial black holes using gravitational lensing effects. The study found that these black holes can contribute no more than 0.1% to all dark matter mass, ruling out their theory as a primary composition.
Researchers propose dark matter scatters with each other like billiard balls to spread out evenly in small galaxies. This idea could solve the puzzle of why dark matter doesn't clump together as expected in bigger systems.
Researchers have discovered the farthest individual star ever seen, Icarus, 9 billion light years away, by magnifying its brightness with the gravity of a larger object. This breakthrough study uses gravitational lensing to exclude the possibility that dark matter is made up mostly of large black holes.
A team of researchers validated theoretical predictions about the initial evolution of stellar explosions using data from a rare supernova captured by an amateur astronomer. The study found that the rapid brightening rate and low luminosity of SN 2016gkg supported models predicting shock emergence during the explosion.
A team of researchers found evidence that a Type Ia supernova explosion was triggered by a violent helium detonation on the surface of a white dwarf star. The study used the Hyper Suprime-Cam camera on the Subaru Telescope to discover and analyze a recent supernova, providing the first solid evidence supporting this theory.
Researchers used super-computer simulations to recreate the formation of a massive black hole from supersonic gas streams left over from the Big Bang. The study suggests these black holes could be the source of the largest and oldest super-massive black holes in the Universe, posing a challenge to existing theories.
A team of researchers discovered a way to use ultraviolet light observations to determine characteristics of superluminous supernovae previously unknown. They found that Gaia16apd was most likely an shock-interacting supernova, and their technique could help identify the explosion mechanism of future supernovae.
Astronomers discover enigmatic flash of X-rays from galaxy 10.7 billion light years away, exhibiting properties unlike known gamma-ray bursts or stellar destruction; scientists struggle to understand its origin and potential implications for compact star mergers.
The Hyper Suprime-Cam Subaru Strategic Program has released its first public dataset, containing almost 100 million galaxies and stars. This dataset will enable scientists to explore the nature of dark matter and dark energy, as well as study the formation and evolution of galaxies.
Researchers detected gas containing oxygen in a galaxy 13.1 billion light years away, providing insight into ancient times. The discovery helps scientists understand the universe's reionization and the nature of its first stars.
A team of researchers has discovered a new class of galaxies where supermassive black holes trigger powerful winds that prevent future star formation. These 'red geysers' lack young stars despite having abundant gas, and their outflowing winds heat surrounding gas through shocks, ultimately suppressing stellar birth.
A team of researchers has created a 3D map of 3000 galaxies 13 billion light years away, finding that Einstein's general theory of relativity is still accurate. The study suggests the expansion of the universe could be explained by a cosmological constant.
Scientists found that magnetars could boost the energy source of super-luminous supernovae, which are 10-100 times brighter than normal supernovae. Calculations suggest that rapidly spinning magnetars could power these extreme events.
Researchers found that galaxy clusters' surroundings are shaped by their formation history, not just their mass. The study used gravitational lensing to confirm the connection between cluster mass and dark matter environment.
Researchers using ALMA telescope detected a burst of new stars in seven distant galaxies nine billion years ago. The galaxies' gas content was already depleted despite high rates of star formation, suggesting an increase in efficiency above the main sequence. This study pushes galaxies at z~1.6 well-above the star-forming main sequence.
A team of researchers used an online classification system, Space Warps, to identify 29 new gravitational lens candidates. The citizen scientists analyzed 430,000 images and helped the researchers uncover potential lenses that algorithms may have missed.
A new theory suggests dark matter behaves similarly to pions, which hold atomic nuclei together. This finding resolves outstanding discrepancies in predicted mass distributions within galaxies and clusters of galaxies.
Researchers at Kavli IPMU revealed that considering environmental effects is crucial for explaining dark matter halo distribution and evolution around galaxies. They confirmed the importance of higher-order nonlocal terms in simulations, allowing for more accurate predictions of dark matter halos' distribution.