A study of 9,000 US-based participants reveals that they prioritize efficiency over fairness when choosing between human and algorithmic decision-makers. Notably, Republicans prefer humans more than Democrats, yet most claim fairness is a top priority.
The introduction of high-speed rail between 1998 and 2010 spread green technologies and reduced industrial pollution across lagging regions, particularly in central inland provinces and northeastern areas. This led to a 0.49%–1.70% reduction in national industrial pollution and increased patent filings for green technology patents.
The rose prickle's curved tapering shape and microstructural density enable supreme damage resistance capabilities. Researchers propose that these features could be used to develop ultra-small anchoring tools for diverse applications.
An experimental study in mice found that SARS-CoV-2 infection can damage the retinas, leading to long-term implications for vision. The virus caused widespread inflammation across the retinal pigment epithelium, including complement activation and increased production of inflammatory cytokines.
Experts in the field of aging have differing opinions on what constitutes aging, ranging from demographic increases in mortality rates to pathological declines. Despite these disagreements, there is consensus that aging exists and is inherently deleterious.
Studies found that misinformation can stick even after debriefing sessions, but more effective techniques like fact-checks can correct false beliefs. Researchers advocate for improved debriefing practices to protect participants from the lasting effects of misinformation.
Researchers designed a millimeter-scale mechanism inspired by tapeworms to anchor small medical devices to soft tissues. The device, made of stainless steel and polyimide film, can be used in various medical applications and has potential for affixing sensors to marine organisms.
A team of scientists used CRISPR technology to investigate the role of Fel d 1, a gene that triggers cat allergies. By analyzing genetic diversity and expression levels, they found that cats genetically modified to lack CH2 were healthy, suggesting that the allergen may not be essential for feline health.
A recent study surveyed over 1,000 English-dominant, bilingual, and Spanish-dominant Latino users of Facebook and Instagram in the US. Latinos who use Spanish-language social media for news were found to be more susceptible to false political narratives, with a 11 percentage point increase in belief in these claims.
Repeated exposure to online lies can lead content moderators to believe false claims, as demonstrated by the illusory truth effect. The study suggests that this phenomenon is not limited to Western populations, which may lead to decreased effectiveness among content moderators over time.
A study in Greenland found that plant species exhibited earlier green-up when grazed by herbivores, while others showed later growth. Herbivory also led to increased plant abundance in most affected species.
Digital twins simulate real-world objects or systems, allowing researchers to explore unexplored scenarios and gain insights. Complexity data science combines techniques from complexity science and data science, providing novel capabilities for society's challenges.
Researchers analyzed Twitter posts and Google searches from 2016-2020 to identify seasonal allergy patterns across the US. They found a strong national pulse of allergy symptoms in March-May, with significant regional variations.
The Energy Transition Vulnerability Index (ETVI) measures a nation's susceptibility to adverse effects of transitioning away from fossil fuels. Countries in the Global South face greater challenges than those in the Global North, with global vulnerability decreasing but interrupted by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Researchers propose a bi-threshold model to explain the decline of trends and information sharing, identifying two adoption thresholds for behaviors. The model outperformed traditional linear threshold models in testing with Twitter conversations around the Higgs boson and Weibo discussions on COVID-19 vaccinations.
Research suggests that cognitive effort enhances the perceived reward of unhealthy choices, such as overeating potato chips or seeking cocaine. This link may be adaptive in certain contexts and has significant implications for understanding addiction and other unhealthy behaviors.
A study found plastic mulch contaminates soil with up to 25 kg of macroplastic debris per hectare, affecting critical soil functions even under best management practices. Microplastics were also detected, with concentrations positively correlated with macroplastic levels.
Researchers identified ways in which partisans mistrust and inaccurately perceive their opponents, as well as ineffective interventions to combat misinformation. A Perspective proposes redesigning digital media platforms to combat polarization, with tools like generative AI to promote consensus across ideological divides.
A survey of nearly 10,000 Americans found that election delays cause distrust in the electoral process. Reassuring voters before polls close about normal delays can prevent distrust from taking root.
A study on attine ants reveals that beneficial bacteria live on the surface of their exoskeletons, which nourish these bacteria. The researchers found that these bacteria, including Pseudonocardia, are thought to have initially been gut symbionts and became cuticular symbionts around 20 million years ago.
Researchers developed a system to continuously monitor factory workers for signs of physical fatigue, using wearable sensors and machine learning. The system uses data from heart rate, skin temperature, and locomotor patterns to predict fatigue levels in real-time, with universal trends identified across individual variations.
Researchers found that people rate AI-generated headlines as less accurate and share them less, regardless of truthfulness. The effect is smaller than labeling false content, suggesting skepticism due to assumptions of full AI automation.
A new study links the construction of Nan Madol to sea level rise and ENSO variability, revealing two major construction phases. The site's history may hold lessons for today's Pacific Ocean communities struggling with coastal protection.
A pre-registered experiment found that seven nudges aimed at reducing hateful speech online had no effect, but unexpectedly increased engagement with harmless posts. The study recruited over 4,000 Americans and showed participants one of the nudges before engaging with a website featuring varied content.
A mathematical model suggests vaccinating children and teens against the flu can protect the elderly in tropical countries. Vaccination strategies focus on age-specific groups, with a particular emphasis on protecting older adults when vaccine supplies are limited.
Research suggests that immigrant assimilation patterns have remained consistent over the past century, with immigrants still working low-paying jobs and their children entering the middle class. Attitudes toward immigration are more positive than ever before, but also more polarized by political party.
A study links droughts in Southern Africa to a massive plankton bloom off Madagascar's southeast coast. Climate warming intensified the dust particles carried by wind, which acted as fertilizer in seawater, creating ideal conditions for phytoplankton growth.
A proof-of-concept study introduces a medical device that measures protease activity in human breath to diagnose lower respiratory tract infections. The system showed elevated levels of human neutrophil elastase in patients with confirmed lower respiratory tract infections, suggesting its potential for rapid and non-invasive diagnosis.
A study using machine learning to analyze patents and job task descriptions found that AI is likely to augment rather than replace many jobs. The most impacted occupations included orthodontists, security guards, and air traffic controllers.
Well-being is defined as a sense of belonging, agency, purpose, identity, civic engagement, and financial well-being. The authors summarize data-backed teaching practices supporting elements of student well-being, including supportive mentorships and experiential learning opportunities.
Researchers estimate that silage from maize, alfalfa, and sorghum crops can produce substantial amounts of nitrous oxide, a potent greenhouse gas. Chlorate addition may significantly lower N2O emissions, primarily due to denitrifying bacteria.
Researchers used body-worn camera footage to study changes in police behavior after procedural justice training, finding a significant increase in respectful communication techniques with drivers of all races. Post-training stops were twice as likely to use formal titles and express concern for the driver's safety.
A study found that people underestimates the income of the world's richest individuals, even as their share of national income increases. The authors suggest that this phenomenon, known as scope insensitivity, may contribute to the disparity.
A recent study found that national politics predominantly use abstract, moralized, and power-centric language, lacking local common ground. This shift is thought to fuel partisan animosity and provoke anger.
A recent study found that ChatGPT exhibits cultural values similar to those in English-speaking and Protestant European countries. The model's responses consistently reflected a focus on self-expression values, such as environmental protection and tolerance for diversity.
Gábor Domokos and colleagues develop 'soft cells' with rounded tile shapes that echo those found in nature, including river estuaries, zebra stripes, and muscle tissue. The researchers prove a theorem demonstrating the combinatorial abundance of soft tilings.
A modeling study suggests that one-sided interspecies cooperation can emerge and persist over time, with only one species benefiting. The authors use evolutionary game theory and the prisoner's dilemma to model this phenomenon, finding that natural selection may favor asymmetric states where one species exploits another.
Event attribution science will inform financial decisions on Loss and Damage by considering uncertainties and allocating funds effectively. The authors propose a multi-method hazard framework to deal with uncertainties and highlight the importance of integrating local knowledge and expertise.
A recent study analyzing electronic medical records found obese individuals have a 34% increased odds of SARS-CoV-2 positivity. The research highlights obesity as a significant transmission risk factor for the virus among exposed individuals, regardless of age or sex.
Charles Darwin's work on biological rhythms dates back to 1838, when he observed plant leaves closing in response to touch. He also noted seasonal and daily changes in animal behavior, hibernation patterns, and tidal rhythms, demonstrating a profound engagement with chronobiology.
A study of children's conversations with caretakers found that the Care/Harm foundation emerges at a younger age than other moral foundations, appearing in one-year-olds' speech. The study also showed that children tend to discuss fairness while caretakers focus on Purity/Degradation.
A study of 472 executives found that leadership ambition is linked to self-rated effectiveness, but not third-party evaluations. This implies that society may need alternative approaches to choosing and training leaders.
A recent study published in PNAS Nexus found that correcting misperceptions about partisan opponents has no impact on reducing political polarization. Hostile attitudes were relatively stable, while opinions on the out-party's support for undemocratic practices varied significantly.
The Russian invasion of Ukraine led to increased support for democracy, income redistribution, and the European Union among Europeans. Attitudes towards authoritarianism and anti-immigration views decreased as a result.
A recent study found that behavioral nudges in social media ads had limited ability to encourage COVID-19 vaccination across countries. Nudge ads with messages appealing to norms and family/ community protection performed better than placebo ads, but only in certain contexts.
A recent study has found that tropical ocean waters exhibit significant variability in temperature over time and space, contradicting the long-held 'climate variability hypothesis'. This unexpected finding may help explain why some fish species can tolerate a wider range of temperatures than others.
Researchers propose a noninvasive method to track blood pressure using resonance sonomanometry, stimulating an artery with sound waves and measuring its response. The device showed promising results in initial human trials, with measurements closely matching those from traditional blood pressure cuffs.
Researchers engineered human skin bacteria to produce less lactic acid, attracting fewer mosquitoes to mice. The engineered microbes reduced mosquito attraction by up to 64.4% and also prevented bites.
Research found higher bacterial concentrations in keloid tissue, especially in deep layers, leading to increased inflammation and fibroblast production. Antibiotics and phage treatments may help reduce bacteria and improve treatment outcomes for keloids.
High levels of formaldehyde and aldehydes are emitted from new cars on hot summer days, exceeding national safety limits. A machine learning model has been developed to predict in-cabin concentrations of volatile organic compounds, potentially informing exposure assessments and intelligent car systems.