Articles tagged with Hiv Treatments
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A new North American study shows that starting antiretroviral treatment earlier significantly decreases the risk of death, with a reduction of up to 94% in patients who begin treatment before their CD4+ cell count falls below 500. This finding challenges traditional guidelines and may lead to changes in medical practice.
A study published in The Lancet found that early antiretroviral treatment can significantly improve survival rates among HIV-positive patients. By initiating treatment when CD4 cell counts fall between 351 and 450 cells/µL, the risk of AIDS development and death was reduced by 28%.
A new study analyzing over 45,000 people with HIV in Europe and North America found that starting combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) at a minimum CD4-cell count of 350 cells per µL reduces AIDS-related events and death rates. The findings challenge current guidelines recommending cART initiation at a lower threshold.
A new study published in the New England Journal of Medicine found that starting antiretroviral treatment earlier can significantly increase survival rates among asymptomatic HIV patients. The research, led by Dr. Mari Kitahata at the University of Washington, analyzed data from over 17,500 patients and showed that delaying treatment u...
A new paper by academics from Scotland and the US explores Brazil's role in changing global AIDS policy and promoting widespread access to AIDS treatment. Brazil's successful HIV/AIDS treatment program is considered a model for other developing countries.
Researchers found drug-resistant viruses can circulate between individuals who haven
A new study found that only about 10 percent of adolescents needing help for substance abuse problems enter treatment due to a lack of adolescent-only services. The study also revealed that few high-quality programs exist for teens, and those that do often have limitations.
A study found that only 5% of released inmates filled an initial prescription for antiretroviral therapy within 10 days, highlighting significant barriers to accessing care. The majority experienced treatment interruptions lasting at least 30 or 60 days, increasing the risk of drug resistance and community transmission.
A study of over 2,000 HIV-infected prisoners found that 80% experienced significant interruptions in antiretroviral therapy after release. This can lead to poor clinical outcomes and the creation of drug-resistant HIV reservoirs in the community.
Despite progress, 33 million people live with HIV, and 2.7 million new infections occur each year. New treatments and prevention strategies are underway to combat the disease.
A WHO study suggests that universal voluntary HIV testing combined with immediate treatment after diagnosis could significantly reduce HIV cases in a severe epidemic. The strategy aims to accelerate the transition from an endemic phase to an elimination phase, reducing HIV cases to 1 per 1000 people within 10 years.
Researchers found a 71% higher risk of death for patients who deferred treatment compared to those who started HAART earlier. The study's findings suggest that initiating therapy at an earlier stage of HIV disease may improve patient outcomes.
The SAPIT trial shows that integrating TB and HIV treatment saves lives, reducing mortality among co-infected patients. The study found that providing antiretroviral therapy at the same time as TB treatment significantly reduces mortality, especially in South Africa where 70% of TB patients are infected with HIV.
A recent study suggests that genetic testing for HLA-B*5701 is cost-effective when used to guide abacavir-based treatment, but not if compared to tenofovir-based treatment. The test costs less than the alternative treatment, making it a more affordable option.
Recent trials show intermittent HIV treatment increases risk of infections and death. A large-scale survey links 'burnout' to suicidal thoughts in med students, but finds it reversible. Whistleblower-initiated legal action against Medicare fraud has increased significantly since the 1990s.
A new collaborative study explores how operations research can maximize efficient use of limited resources, including antiretroviral drugs and medical personnel. The researchers show that using mathematical modeling approaches can help plan national drug distribution systems and predict demand for services.
A study published in JAMA Network found that patients receiving rifampicin-based anti-tuberculosis therapy are more likely to experience virological failure when starting nevirapine-based antiretroviral therapy. In contrast, efavirenz-based ART was associated with similar virological suppression rates regardless of tuberculosis status.
The International AIDS Society–USA Panel updated treatment guidelines to reflect recent data on antiretroviral therapy. The new guidelines recommend starting therapy before CD4 cell count declines to less than 350/μL, with individualized regimens tailored to patient needs.
A study of 883 treatment-naïve HIV patients found that atazanavir/ritonavir once daily was as effective as lopinavir/ritonavir twice daily in reducing viral load and increasing CD4 cells. The once-daily regimen had less gastrointestinal toxicity but a higher rate of hyperbilirubinemia, supporting its use as a first-line treatment option.
A special supplement in the AIDS journal offers concrete recommendations for addressing social and economic issues fueling HIV, including building a diverse group of leaders and integrating treatment programs. The edition outlines actionable goals and calls for accountability to combat the epidemic more efficiently.
A study found that sensitive HIV testing can detect low-level drug-resistant strains in patients who have not received anti-HIV drugs. In some cases, these resistant strains were present before treatment began and contributed to treatment failure. Further research is needed to confirm these findings.
A recent study estimates that if couples stop using condoms, HIV incidence could easily quadruple over 10 years. The risk of transmission from effectively treated patients is low but non-zero, and transmission risks are higher in male homosexual partnerships.
Studies show a significant increase in life expectancy among HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART), with total life expectancy rising from 56.1 years to 69.4 years between 1996-99 and 2003-05. However, patients treated late in the course of their infection have worse life expectancy.
Researchers propose integrating TB prevention and treatment into HIV care to address the major cause of mortality among HIV patients. The authors recommend intensified TB case finding, preventive isoniazid therapy for non-TB infected HIV patients, and earlier provision of antiretroviral therapy.
A study published in the journal Addiction found that sexual behavior counseling during drug addiction treatment can decrease risky sexual behavior and HIV transmission in Russian substance-dependent individuals. The PREVENT program, a behavioral intervention, was effective in increasing safe sex among participants.
A new low-cost IVF scheme aims to provide fertility treatment for women in developing countries, tackling high infertility rates and cultural barriers. The program offers affordable IVF for under $200, integrating it into existing healthcare services to address the growing need for fertility treatment.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that a public-health approach to HIV treatment in South Africa is equally effective as an individualized approach used in Switzerland. Treatment initiated early greatly reduces HIV levels and viral rebound, but higher mortality rates were observed in South Africa.
Researchers highlight the significant health impacts of psychosocial factors on HIV-infected individuals and the spread of AIDS. Interventions addressing depression, stress, and coping can help ameliorate negative effects on patient outcomes.
Researchers found that tracking patients' medication adherence was more accurate than CD4 test results in identifying those at risk of treatment failure. Adherence assessments could be used for early identification of high-risk patients, averting health impacts and prioritizing limited viral load testing.
The article discusses the controversy surrounding when to initiate antiretroviral treatment in children with HIV. Dr. Steven Welch argues for deferred treatment to avoid poor adherence habits and drug resistance, while Professor Di Gibb advocates for early initiation to prevent disease progression and promote healthy growth.
A home-based antiretroviral treatment programme significantly reduced HIV-related mortality and orphanhood in Uganda. The study found that daily ART and co-trimoxazole prophylaxis, with limited clinic visits and trained lay providers, resulted in a 95% reduction in mortality among adults with HIV.
Localized prostate cancer treatment options face uncertainty due to limited evidence. Gene expression tests for breast cancer hold promise but require further data on benefits and limitations. New HIV treatment guidelines suggest earlier initiation may increase life expectancy for younger patients. Pregnant women should not be screened...
Researchers have found that marigold therapy can clear or greatly reduce the number and size of plantar warts in four to six sessions, even in HIV-positive patients who are harder to treat. The therapy uses extracts from several types of marigold plants and has been used for nearly 30 years in the UK to treat various foot issues.
A new study highlights the struggles of living with HIV/AIDS in Serbia, where people face stigma, loneliness, and insecure access to treatment. The research finds that high levels of stress and anxiety result from these challenges, impacting quality of life.
Researchers analyzed long-term cost trends of HAART drugs in Brazil, finding that while costs increased due to rising treatment needs, the country saved $1 billion through price negotiations with pharmaceutical companies. The study highlights the need for increased resources to achieve universal access to AIDS treatment.
A study published in Medical Care found that people infected with HIV continue to die and suffer from AIDS complications due to delayed diagnosis and treatment. Researchers discovered that patients who had received medical care for other illnesses were often not diagnosed with HIV infections earlier, leading to severe complications.
A new study finds that HIV-infected patients are sicker when starting therapy compared to the past. The delay in diagnosis and treatment is particularly pronounced among injection drug users, women, and certain demographic groups.
A study published in PLOS Medicine found that over one-third of patients receiving HIV medication in Africa discontinue treatment within two years. However, the average retention rate at two years was estimated at 61.6%, indicating some success in maintaining treatment. Researchers suggest improving retention rates by starting treatmen...
The new publication provides up-to-date recommendations for clinicians treating patients with both HIV and TB, emphasizing the urgent challenge of integrating these two complex diseases. Key articles focus on treatment options, diagnostic tools, and prevention strategies, highlighting the need for closer collaboration between experts.
Researchers have developed an induction-maintenance treatment strategy that balances viral suppression with minimal harm to patients. The model suggests six to ten months of induction therapy can achieve durable suppression of HIV, making it a promising approach for eradicating resistant viruses.
Early HIV testing for exposed infants can prevent infection before AIDS or death, allowing for prophylaxis or treatment implementation. Universal availability of prophylaxis or treatment is crucial, but poses challenges such as long-term toxic effects of anti-retroviral treatment.
A randomized trial found that darunavir-ritonavir reduced HIV RNA levels by 77% compared to lopinavir-ritonavir at week 48. The treatment was well-tolerated with mild side effects in both groups.
Penn researchers have developed a new method for screening drug-resistant forms of HIV that analyzes multiple HIV variants simultaneously, while also reducing time and costs. The technique uses DNA bar coding and pyrosequencing to quantify and characterize hundreds of thousands of HIV variants for drug resistance in a single test.
A retrospective study of 700 patients found that HIV-infected individuals had significantly higher TB relapse rates compared to those without the virus. The study also showed that shorter treatment regimens may lead to more frequent relapses in HIV-infected patients.
In conflict settings, HIV treatment can be effectively delivered with preparedness and contingency measures. A study from Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF) reports similar treatment outcomes to non-conflict settings, highlighting the importance of emergency drug supplies, stockpiling, and educating patients on consistent pill-taking. The ...
A randomized trial found that brand names significantly impact patient treatment decisions, with 36% changing their choice after seeing the true name. The study suggests that decision aids can help patients navigate complex medical decisions and express their personal values.
Researchers found that HIV patients with regular medical care have better survival rates compared to those without. The study, conducted on 2,619 men with HIV, showed that patients who visited their healthcare provider at least once each quarter had significantly lower risk of dying.
A community survey of gay men in London, Manchester, and Brighton found that nearly one-third of HIV-positive men reported having unprotected sex, while almost one-fifth of HIV-negative men also engaged in this behavior. The study highlights the need for renewed efforts to boost HIV diagnosis and curb risk behaviors.
The World Health Organization's guidelines for treating pneumonia in children under one year old are inadequate and require revision. High failure rates were found among HIV-infected and exposed infants, with polymicrobial infections being a key predictor of treatment failure.
A new study published in PLoS Medicine found that community-based peer education, free condom distribution, and clinic-based STI treatment services targeting high-risk individuals had no effect on HIV incidence in the wider community. However, these measures did reduce HIV-1 incidence among men who participated in the program.
A new study reveals that up to 1 in 10 infected infants may survive into late childhood or early adolescence without diagnosis or treatment. Late diagnosis can significantly affect their future health and long-term survival, emphasizing the need for accessible and sympathetic HIV testing and treatment services.
A new compound, 2-5AN6B, has shown significant promise in inhibiting HIV replication in white blood cells from HIV-infected patients. The compound works by a different mechanism than current drugs, reducing the risk of mutation and improving treatment effectiveness.
A Johns Hopkins study finds that individuals entering drug treatment programs are more likely to be female, unemployed, and HIV-positive, with a history of mental illness. This highlights the need for strong linkages between needle exchange programs and treatment services to address co-occurring health problems.
A new study suggests that delaying the use of nevirapine-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART) for at least six months after labor can improve treatment outcomes among HIV-infected women. The study found that women who started ART within six months of giving birth had a higher rate of treatment failure compared to those who delayed t...
Researchers found that starting HIV treatment at least six months after a single dose of nevirapine during labor improves response rates. Women who started treatment sooner had reduced effectiveness of ART, while those delayed had comparable outcomes to placebo group.
A study published in PLoS Medicine found that HIV treatment does not restore memory T cells in most people, despite years of antiviral therapy. The researchers discovered that intestinal immune cells remained low and elevated immune activation persisted, suggesting potential clinical problems over time.
Researchers found that continuous antiretroviral therapy significantly reduces the risk of opportunistic diseases and death compared to episodic therapy. The study also showed no reduction in serious side effects with continual ART.
A large HIV/AIDS treatment trial found that interrupting antiretroviral therapy more than doubles the risk of AIDS or death from any cause. The study used two levels of CD4+ T cells to guide therapy suspension and restarting, but participants receiving episodic therapy had a significantly increased risk of disease progression.
A new study indicates that boosted Invirase results in comparable levels of viral suppression as lopinavir, while also reducing the risk of elevated cholesterol and triglycerides. The treatment also showed fewer gastrointestinal adverse events compared to lopinavir.
Researchers at NC State University are developing mathematical and statistical models to aid in designing new treatment strategies for acutely infected HIV patients. The goal is to predict the best course of treatment based on individual patient variables, which could lead to improved quality of care and personalized treatment.