Articles tagged with Cancer
A phase 2 study found fluorine-18 PSMA-1007 PET/computed tomography to be superior to multiparametric MRI for locoregional staging of prostate cancer. The technology supports its use in the preoperative workflow for intermediate-risk and high-risk tumors.
Researchers develop optogenetic system to precisely target cancer cells using light, inducing inflammatory cell death and triggering immune response. The approach aims to modulate the immune suppressive environment around cancer cells, helping T cells recognize and attack the disease.
Rural residents with head and neck cancer experience higher mortality rates due to factors like alcohol use, tobacco consumption, and lower HPV vaccination rates. This disparity widens the rural-urban mortality gap.
Researchers identified metabolic signatures that predict immunotherapy response and survival outcomes in cancer patients. The study found four distinct metabolic classes with significant variations in overall survival, highlighting the potential of metabolic profiling to improve immunotherapy treatments.
A study by Ohio State University researchers found that chemotherapy disrupts the gut microbiome in breast cancer patients, leading to cognitive decline and increased inflammation. The research suggests that targeting the gut microbiome may improve behavioral side effects of chemotherapy.
A new AI-powered approach identifies a distinct subset of endometrial cancer with poorer survival rates, but would otherwise go unrecognized. The discovery will help doctors identify patients at high risk of recurrence and death, enabling more comprehensive treatment.
A new biomarker has been discovered that can help predict which patients with clear cell renal cancer are at higher risk of recurrence. The 15-gene signature was found to be independently associated with worse disease-free survival and disease-specific survival in two large validation datasets.
Researchers found associations between childhood cognition, adolescent crystalized intelligence, and midlife fluid intelligence with DNA methylation age acceleration. A 1-unit increase in adolescent PPVT was associated with a 0.048-year decrease in aging.
Researchers found that lithium's efficacy in enhancing longevity and altering body composition is influenced by the sucrose content of the diet. The study reveals a significant overlap between the transcriptional responses to increasing dietary sucrose and adding lithium, suggesting a joint mechanism at play.
Researchers found that adding JAK inhibitors to cancer checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapies improves patients' responses in two separate clinical studies. The combination therapy resulted in better clinical responses in patients with metastatic non-small cell lung cancer and those with relapsed or refractory Hodgkin lymphoma.
A new, streamlined urine DNA test detects primary bladder cancer more accurately than current methods, potentially reducing the need for invasive cystoscopy. The test shows high sensitivity and specificity, even for detecting high-grade noninvasive papillary carcinoma.
Researchers have trained an AI model to identify DNA methylation patterns indicative of different cancer types, achieving 98.2% accuracy. This breakthrough could enable early detection and screening of cancers, leading to improved patient outcomes.
Deep learning enhances STS diagnosis and treatment by automating contouring for radiation therapy and predicting treatment responses. The review highlights key areas where deep learning is making an impact, including data acquisition and processing, algorithm development, clinical applications, and pathological diagnosis.
Ternarx aims to unlock the potential of targeted protein degrader (TPD) technology to treat hard-to-treat cancers like neuroblastoma and prostate cancer. The company will initially focus on developing new treatments for these diseases using novel TPD technology.
Telo-seq reveals dynamic mechanisms of telomeres in aging and cancer, providing new insights into their role in health and disease. The breakthrough method determines telomere length and sequence on individual chromosomes.
Researchers studied cancer survivors under 25 who had cancer since 1958 and found they were three times more likely to develop cancer later in life. Socioeconomic factors also played a role in survival rates, with lower education levels and foreign backgrounds increasing risk.
Dorothee Dormann and Edward Lemke propose a new concept to measure the individual risk of getting age-related diseases by analyzing protein clumps in cells. This 'protein aggregation clock' could help diagnose age-related diseases at early stages or identify people at higher risk.
Researchers have discovered that a protein called MED12 plays a critical role in pancreatic cancer's development, particularly in basal-like cells. The study builds on decades of research at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, which previously identified the importance of p63 for basal cell formation.
Dr Biola M Javierre has been awarded a prestigious grant to study the role of mutations in noncoding regions of the genome in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Her research aims to identify genes affected by these mutations and their potential therapeutic targets.
Families with germline CDH1 P/LP variants show a cumulative risk of gastric cancer between 7-10% and breast cancer in female carriers at 37%
A new trial indicates that immunotherapy could successfully treat the most common form of colorectal cancer. The study, published in Nature Medicine, found that botensilimab and balstilimab caused tumours to shrink or remain stable in 61% of patients with microsatellite stable metastatic colorectal cancer.
Past-year Papanicolaou testing rates dropped in 2022 compared to 2019, highlighting the need to increase access to screenings. Rural-vs-urban differences indicate a focus on rural females requires attention.
The Kids First DRC has introduced an upgraded data portal to streamline big data search and analysis, improving collaborative pediatric research outcomes. The new portal integrates diverse datasets, including genomic information from the Children's Brain Tumor Network, to foster cross-disciplinary research.
A cohort study found that neighborhood deprivation is associated with increased breast cancer mortality in non-Hispanic white women, but not in non-Hispanic Black women. Factors beyond those explored may contribute to the disparity in breast cancer mortality among Black women.
A study by Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory has discovered two regulator proteins that work together to keep the splicing process on track. The research, led by Professor Adrian Krainer, identifies SRSF1's interactions with other proteins, providing new insights into how this critical regulator works.
Generation X sees gains in leading cancers, but lower rates of lung and cervical cancers compared to previous generations. Cancer incidence could remain high for decades if current trends continue.
A comprehensive molecular portrait of KRAS has been established, revealing its key role in pancreatic cancer progression and resistance to treatment. The study identifies ERK as a critical regulator of KRAS activity, with implications for developing targeted therapies.
A team of researchers has identified the CDA gene as a key player in immunotherapy resistance in pancreatic cancer. Inhibiting this gene improves T-cell infiltration and increases the effectiveness of immunotherapy in a type of pancreatic cancer called PDAC.
A short course of immunotherapy prior to surgery was highly effective in treating colon cancer, with 95% of patients showing significant tumor reduction or complete elimination. The treatment also showed promising results in preventing cancer recurrence and metastasis over a two-year follow-up period.
A Phase III trial led by the University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center found proton therapy to be non-inferior to traditional radiation therapy in treating head and neck cancer. The study revealed a significant reduction in malnutrition and feeding-tube dependency with proton therapy.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes developed two new tools for single-molecule analysis, slashing the amount of DNA needed by 90 to 95 percent. The SMRT-Tag tool allows researchers to study DNA at single-molecule resolution using as few as 10,000 cells, enabling the analysis of tumor biopsies and other clinically relevant samples.
A team of researchers at University of California San Diego has identified a biochemical mechanism that can interrupt cellular communication chains, disrupting the signaling pathways related to many diseases. The discovery highlights the importance of growth factors and G protein-coupled receptors in cell signaling.
A study led by Washington State University scientists found that inhibiting CDK7 could help prevent heart damage associated with doxorubicin, a commonly used cancer chemotherapy medication. The researchers also discovered that CDK7 inhibition enhances the medication's cancer-killing capability.
A cohort study found that decentralization through telemedicine and local care can substantially reduce cancer care's environmental impact. The study also showed small reductions in human mortality as a result of these changes.
A new immunotherapy approach employs a two-pronged attack against solid tumors to boost the immune system's ability to target and eliminate cancer cells. By combining CV1-producing T cells with cancer-targeting antibodies, researchers improved macrophage consumption of tumor cells, suggesting a potential solution to treatment challenges.
A quality improvement analysis found that many US residents live within 30 miles of a clinical trial site, highlighting disparities in access. The study highlights concerns about equity and fairness in healthcare resource distribution, particularly for marginalized communities.
Active surveillance for favorable-risk prostate cancer demonstrated to be a safe and effective management strategy, with less than 2% developing metastatic disease. The study found no significant association between delayed treatment during surveillance and worse outcomes.
A new study reveals that a type of childhood leukemia has its roots in fetal development, with chromosomal alterations detected in umbilical cord blood. The findings have important implications for understanding the disease and developing new therapies.
A genomic study uncovers germline ARID1B and mitochondrial variants that may drive pediatric chordoma genesis, a rare and aggressive bone tumor. The study found aberrant indels and haywire mitochondria in 22% of pediatric chordoma samples.
A new type of immunotherapy has been developed to treat bone cancer osteosarcoma, with promising preclinical results in mice. The treatment uses gamma-delta T cells, which are less well-known immune cells that can be engineered to target tumours.
Scientists at Gladstone Institutes used CRISPR interference to map the layered mechanisms controlling expression of key immune genes. The study provides valuable insights into immune balance, autoimmunity, and cancer immunotherapies, shedding light on genetic variants linked to disease risk and potential treatments.
Research highlights varied associations between social isolation and mortality risk across demographic groups, including socioeconomic disparities. The study emphasizes the importance of considering sociodemographic heterogeneity in understanding the impact of social isolation on health outcomes.
Researchers aim to develop FLASH radiotherapy for treating skin cancer, rectal cancer and sarcomas with fewer side effects and less damage to healthy tissues. The project focuses on calibrating equipment and conducting lab studies to apply the technique safely and effectively in clinical settings.
Researchers have developed an approach to 'delete' a diseased blood system while building up a new, healthy one with donor blood stem cells. This process involves targeting specific antibodies coupled to a cytotoxic drug that recognize and destroy diseased blood cells while sparing healthy ones.
A Kaiser Permanente study of 316,443 patients reveals that 7.4% repeated fecal testing instead of proceeding to a colonoscopy, and only 41% received a colonoscopy within one year of their initial positive test. Patients who repeated home tests cited concerns about colorectal cancer diagnosis
A new type of immune cell, MR1T cells, has been found to detect cancer cells through metabolic traces. This discovery opens up new avenues for targeted therapies against various types of cancer. The cells recognize altered metabolism in cancer cells, which produces specific molecules on the surface.
Researchers at Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory identified 28 trace metals in secondhand and thirdhand tobacco smoke, including cadmium, arsenic, and chromium. The study found that the predicted indoor air concentration for these metals exceeded California's cancer risk guidelines, highlighting the need to understand their contrib...
Researchers found that up to one in seven melanoma patients carry cancer susceptibility genes, suggesting family history may be a bigger risk factor than previously thought. This discovery supports the idea that there are risk factors beyond sun exposure that can influence an individual's chances of developing melanoma.
At NUTRITION 2024, researchers will explore emerging findings on the role of diet in cancer risk and survivorship, as well as personalized dietary therapy for cancer treatment and survivorship. Scientists will also share insights into precision nutrition, environmental sustainability, and infant feeding practices, shedding light on the...
Studies reveal distinct differences in oral microbiomes of patients with gastric cancer, premalignant conditions, and healthy controls. Researchers also found a surge in colorectal cancer incidence among young patients under 45, while late-stage gallbladder cancer is on the rise in non-Hispanic Blacks.
A cross-sectional study reveals racial and ethnic disparities in treatment delays and discontinuations among patients with SARS-CoV-2, leading to increased cancer mortality among minoritized adults. The disproportionate burden varied across SARS-CoV-2 waves.
Cases of gallbladder cancer have been steadily increasing among non-Hispanic Blacks in the US, with growing numbers diagnosed at later stages. The incidence of late-stage tumors has also risen, contributing to a higher mortality rate compared to other racial and ethnic groups.
Nach0 was trained on diverse tasks, including natural language understanding, synthetic route prediction, and molecular generation. The model performed well on molecular tasks using molecular data and outperformed ChatGPT, making it a significant step toward unlocking the full potential of LLMs for drug discovery.
Adult carriers of BAP1 tumor predisposition syndrome show a high incidence of onychopapillomas, a benign nail tumor. This finding suggests using these skin abnormalities to identify family members and patients with cancers associated with the syndrome.
Researchers used AI to detect localized versus advanced cancer stages in oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma patients. The study suggests improved patient care and clinical decision-making through AI-assisted health record extraction.
A study published in JAMA Oncology found that AI chatbots can generate empathetic and readable responses to cancer patient questions, comparable to those from physicians. The research also highlights the need for further investigation into the scope, process integration, and patient outcomes of chatbot-facilitated interactions.
Global life expectancy is forecasted to increase from 73.6 years in 2022 to 78.1 years in 2050, with a convergence of increased life expectancy across geographies. The trend is largely driven by public health measures that have prevented and improved survival rates from cardiovascular diseases, COVID-19, and other communicable diseases.
A team of researchers from NUS has developed a novel method to stimulate muscle cells using magnetic therapy, which produces and releases proteins with anticancer properties. The study demonstrates that this non-invasive approach can prevent cancer cell growth and invasion, similar to exercise.
Insilico Medicine's lead compound demonstrates strong enzymatic activity, selectivity, and favorable ADME properties, as well as antitumor activity in various animal models. The company's generative AI-powered platform generated over 3,600 candidate molecules before identifying the promising lead compound.
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have discovered thalidomide derivatives that target and degrade BCL-2, a protein essential for the survival of cancer cells. The derivatives bind to CRBN, reprogramming its binding surface to mark BCL-2 for degradation, ultimately leading to cell death.