Articles tagged with Cancer
Researchers at Goethe University Frankfurt have discovered thalidomide derivatives that target and degrade BCL-2, a protein essential for the survival of cancer cells. The derivatives bind to CRBN, reprogramming its binding surface to mark BCL-2 for degradation, ultimately leading to cell death.
A recent study found that American firefighters recognize the link between diet and cancer risk and are interested in acquiring knowledge and support to change their dietary habits. The study suggests that targeted interventions focusing on individualized support and evidence-based interventions can help mitigate cancer risks among fir...
A UK Biobank study suggests that adults living with obesity who were underweight or average weight in childhood may be at increased risk of all-cause mortality. The study found that adult men and women who reported being thinner as children had higher mortality risks, with a 63% and 60% increase respectively.
Researchers have developed a breakthrough therapy that can adapt CAR-T cell therapy to target solid tumors, potentially transforming cancer treatment. The therapy uses a novel antibody and costimulatory protein to activate T cells, overcoming the challenges of immune suppression in solid tumors.
Young survivors of childhood cancer experience prevalent symptoms years after diagnosis. Interventions to reduce caregiver anxiety and neighborhood adversity may alleviate symptom burden.
Researchers developed a predictive model, TRTpred, to identify the most potent cancer killing immune cells using artificial intelligence. The model achieved 90% accuracy in identifying tumor-reactive T cells and can be applied to personalized cancer treatments.
Substantial geographic disparities in cancer clinical trials availability exist in the US, with socially vulnerable counties facing significant limitations. The disparity has worsened over time, with these counties often having fewer trial options available.
A new study found that PARP1 is involved in the repair of telomeres, which can lead to genomic instability and cancer. Impairing this process can lead to telomere shortening and increased risk of cancer. The findings challenge existing dogma and open up new possibilities for improving cancer therapies.
Researchers at UC San Diego developed a machine learning algorithm to simulate chemistry in drug discovery, synthesizing 32 potential multi-target cancer drugs. The new AI platform, POLYGON, can identify molecules with multiple targets, potentially delivering more effective treatments with fewer side effects.
The article assesses Community Outreach and Engagement initiatives at NCI-DCCs, highlighting successful programs that reduced disparities. The authors emphasize the need for sustained focus on community outreach and engagement, clinical access, and health equity to ensure everyone has access to latest scientific advances.
Researchers employ a geology tool to analyze hydrogen atoms in cancer cells, finding a distinct ratio compared to healthy tissue. This discovery may lead to new ways to spot cancer early on and inform strategies for studying its growth and spread.
Scientists at Umeå University have identified how a protein complex called the Mediator regulates gene expression, leading to slower cell division. This discovery may pave the way for new treatments for diseases related to uncontrolled cell growth, such as tumors.
Researchers developed an in-situ cancer vaccine that targets mutated proteins on cancer cells and triggers immunity. The vaccine was combined with chemotherapy, increasing survival rates in AML patients.
The American Society for Nutrition's NUTRITION 2024 will bring together thousands of experts to share emerging scientific and policy developments in food, nutrition, and public health. Over 1,600 original research studies will be presented during the meeting.
A new study reveals that chronic hepatitis B is globally undertreated, especially among women and Asian minorities in the West. The research highlights the need for targeted outreach to reduce new infections and deaths, with oral antiviral therapy being a lifesaving but underutilized treatment option.
A new study uncovers obscured contributions to microbiome biomarkers in colorectal cancer development, highlighting potential future targets for intervention. The research employs quantitative methods and extensive confounder control to reveal robust associations between certain microbial taxa and CRC.
A University of California - Riverside study finds that medium-sized dogs have a higher risk of developing cancer than larger or smaller breeds. The multistage model of cancer acquisition supports this finding, suggesting that size is a major risk factor for cancer.
Researchers at Insilico Medicine developed COSMIC, a new framework for molecular conformation space modeling that provides accurate insights into molecule positioning and activity. This enables faster and more efficient drug design decisions.
A recent study published in BJSM found that increased cardio fitness level can reduce the risk of death from any cause and heart disease by 11-17% and 18%, respectively. Regular aerobic exercise programs can achieve this, leading to a reduced risk of early death and chronic conditions.
Increased vitamin D bioavailability leads to changes in the microbiome favoring Bacteroides fragilis, enhancing immune-mediated resistance to cancer. Fecal transplantation transfers this anti-cancer immunity to other mice.
Researchers at TUM have uncovered a mechanism by which tumor cells prevent the formation of immune responses, including cytotoxic T cells. This discovery provides rationales for new cancer immunotherapies and could enhance existing treatments.
A recent study revealed that phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) has a built-in brake mechanism that impedes cell migration, while also acting as an accelerator to prompt motility. The brake mechanism is specific to the p85β subunit and can be disrupted, leading to uncontrolled cell movement.
Researchers discovered that prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) undermines the anti-cancer immune response and compromises adoptive cell therapy using tumor infiltrating lymphocytes. Disrupting PGE2's mechanism improves therapeutic potential of transferred TILs in mouse models of cancer.
A new clinical trial reveals that a novel writing therapy can significantly reduce cancer-related trauma, depression, anxiety, and hopelessness in late-stage cancer patients. By confronting their greatest fears through written exposure-based coping (EASE), participants experience improved mental well-being.
Researchers developed a novel way to localize cancer-killing cytokines in tumors to improve treatment effectiveness. The approach ensures that immune cell-stimulating cytokines remain within the tumor for weeks, reducing toxicity to healthy cells.
Only 4% of cancer survivors met all four American Cancer Society guidelines, with a mean of 2.0 guidelines met. This study aims to improve understanding of guideline adherence and inform recommendations for patients who have completed cancer treatments.
Researchers have developed a new urine-based test that identifies high-grade prostate cancer by analyzing 18 genes linked to the disease. The test, called MyProstateScore2.0, was shown to be nearly 100% correct at ruling out aggressive cancers and helped avoid up to 41% of unnecessary biopsies.
Researchers argue that among adults who have tried FDA-approved cessation medicines, switching to e-cigarettes may be a better option due to lower health risks. E-cigarette products authorized by the FDA are considered less harmful than combustible cigarettes.
Researchers from Osaka University have discovered a way to deliver antisense oligonucleotides to their targets inside cancer cells by opening specific calcium permeable channels. The new compound, L687, promotes efficient uptake of ASO into cancer cells, suppressing target gene activity and enhancing ASO efficacy.
Researchers discovered a key resistance mechanism to Wnt inhibitors in pancreatic and colorectal cancers, identifying FBXW7 mutations as the culprit. This breakthrough could lead to personalized treatments for cancer patients who have previously been unresponsive to existing therapies.
A study by NUS scientists found that a chemical produced when cells break down glucose can cause DNA faults indicating higher cancer risk. High levels of this chemical, methylglyoxal, may be controlled with medicines and a good diet.
Researchers have gained new insights into the development of cells, their communication with each other, and regulation at the gastro-esophageal junction. The study reveals complex cellular communication and signaling pathways, which has significant implications for understanding, preventing, and treating gastrointestinal diseases.
Researchers at IRB Barcelona have identified 'coldspots' in the cancer genome with lower mutation rates, linked to low DNA methylation. This discovery could facilitate targeted therapies and diagnostic tools to monitor specific genomic regions and prevent cancer development.
Most cancer drugs granted accelerated approval show no benefit in overall survival or quality of life within five years. Patients should be informed about the limited effectiveness of these drugs.
A systematic review of 41 randomized clinical trials suggests that late-stage cancer incidence can be a suitable alternative end point to cancer-specific mortality in some cancer types, but not others. This finding has implications for multicancer screening tests and may change the way these trials are designed.
A simple blood test every five years is sufficient to screen low-risk men for prostate cancer, according to new research. Researchers found that only 0.13% of men with low PSA levels developed cancer after a decade.
A simple urine test can reduce the number of cystoscopies required to follow up high-risk bladder cancer patients by more than half. The test monitors for recurrence of bladder cancer by measuring levels of five target mRNAs and was found to be effective in picking up cancer recurrence before any disease was visible through a cystoscopy.
Researchers found that discontinuing specialist follow-up care for patients with slow-growing CLL had no negative impact on survival, hospital visits or infections. Most patients who ended follow-up developed minor infections treated with antibiotics.
Global prostate cancer cases are projected to double from 1.4 million in 2020 to 2.9 million by 2040, with low- and middle-income countries seeing the highest increases. The number of annual deaths is predicted to rise by 85%, mainly in LMICs due to under-diagnosis.
Recent trials have shown that testing for tumour DNA in the blood can identify advanced bladder cancer patients who are less likely to relapse after surgery, allowing doctors to target treatments more effectively.
Researchers at Kyushu University identified a new type of tumor cell population, steroids-producing nodules (SPNs), which lead to cortisol-producing adenomas. The study provides clues into the formation and maintenance of the human adrenal cortex.
Researchers from Osaka University found that exposure to environmental carcinogens and psychological distress decrease emotional wellbeing in Japanese people, with a 0.0064-year decrease for radon and 0.97 years for psychological distress. The study suggests that reducing exposure to these chemicals can help promote longer, happier lives.
Polybrominated diphenyl ether exposure significantly associated with cancer mortality and all-cause mortality. Further studies needed to replicate findings and understand underlying mechanisms.
Low HPV vaccine uptake among US adults aged 27-45 is a concern, particularly for men and Hispanic individuals. Experts stress the need to address disparities in vaccination rates to prevent cancer cases.
A randomized controlled trial found that filters, coupled with a digital health program, reduced urinary arsenic levels by 47% in households relying on well water. The study, conducted in American Indian communities, also showed significant increases in household use of filtered water for drinking and cooking.
A large cohort study found that longer durations of exclusive breastfeeding were associated with a lower risk of childhood B-cell precursor-acute lymphoblastic leukemia. The study's results suggest potential biologic mechanisms underlying this association and inform the need for further research on preemptive interventions.
A genetic variant reducing IKZF1 expression increases B-cell ALL risk in Hispanic/Latino kids, with ancient DNA tracing its emergence ~13,000 years ago from Indigenous American ancestors.
Researchers uncover how EBV infects host genome, leading to tumor formation and finding novel therapeutic targets. EBV-host interactions reveal epigenomic rewiring, dysregulated gene expression, and potential cancer treatment.
Organoid technology holds great potential for clinical applications, particularly in cancer. Patient-derived tumor organoids effectively recapitulate the histopathologic characterization of parental tumors and exhibit a degree of preservation of genomic features.
Researchers at RCSI have identified a new treatment option for multiple myeloma by combining venetoclax with 5-azacytidine. This combination shows enhanced efficacy across various patient samples and has the potential to expand treatment options for those resistant to standard care.
Researchers suggest a follow-up colonoscopy within defined periods after abnormal stool-based screening test results. The proposed measure aims to address low current performance rates and produce reliable results.
Researchers have developed a new tool to help clinics recruit patients from more communities by analyzing nearby hospitals serving diverse populations. The approach aims to increase accessibility and diversity in cancer trials, with the potential to improve patient outcomes.
Researchers have discovered a new immunotherapy approach to overcome resistant leukemia by targeting the mutated TP53 gene. Combining pharmacological therapies with genetically engineered CAR T-cells increases effectiveness against cancer cells, offering promising strategies for patients with resistant disease.
NeXT Personal assay detects up to ~1,800 somatic variants specific to the patient's tumor with a detection threshold of 1.67 PPM and 99.9% specificity. The assay showed linearity over a range of 0.8 to 300,000 PPM.
The Pediatric Cancer Research Foundation has expanded its leadership team with the appointment of Danielle Fragalla as CEO and Jeri Wilson as Vice President of Development, Principal Gifts. The foundation aims to accelerate research breakthroughs in pediatric cancer care, having granted $46 million to leading researchers so far.
A study by IRB Barcelona and Sant Joan de Déu Hospital reveals three distinct patterns explaining the occurrence of second cancers in children, including a mutational footprint from chemotherapy. The research advances understanding of pediatric cancer and highlights the importance of clinical data sharing.
A randomized controlled trial found that exercise programmes reduced fatigue and improved quality of life for patients with metastatic breast cancer. The study showed the greatest benefit among younger patients, but also suggested that supervised exercise can be beneficial for all patients with advanced disease.
The ALEXANDRA/IMpassion030 phase 3 trial found that adding atezolizumab to chemotherapy after surgery did not improve survival for early-stage triple-negative breast cancer patients. Researchers also found no benefit in different sub-groups, such as those with lymph node spread and PD-L1 positive cancer.
Researchers identified a case of chronic inflammatory bowel disease after a blood stem cell transplant, linked to a genetic mutation in the recipient's body. Genetic analysis revealed that the donor carried a similar mutation, which triggered an autoimmune response.
A KAIST-Seoul National University Hospital research team has developed a computational workflow that predicts metabolites and metabolic pathways associated with somatic mutations in cancers. The workflow uses genome-scale metabolic models and mutation data to identify altered metabolic pathways that contribute to cancer progression.