Penn Engineering researchers found that certain features of AI-governed robots have security vulnerabilities, putting safety at risk. The 'jailbreak' rate of OpenAI's ChatGPT was 100% in just days, bypassing safety guardrails and allowing manipulation or hacking.
Researchers have made a breakthrough in understanding the rare autoimmune disease anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can cause psychosis, hallucinations, and blackouts. The study found that different antibodies bind to NMDA receptors in unique ways, suggesting personalized medicine may be key to treating the condition.
A recent study published in the Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association has revealed new insights into treating cats exposed to toxic lilies. The study found no significant difference in acute kidney injury prevalence between inpatient and outpatient groups, suggesting that outpatient management may be a viable option fo...
Researchers developed an AI model that uses machine learning and combination theory to predict suspicious skin lesions. The new C4C Risk Score has an accuracy of 69% and significantly outperformed existing methods, including 7PCL and Williams score.
Researchers at U of T have discovered that C2H2 zinc finger proteins, which primarily bind to DNA, also regulate RNA processing through various mechanisms. These proteins modify mRNA, controlling its length and altering it after transcription.
Researchers developed a new algorithm to decode neural signals representing hand postures, enabling more precise control of neuroprostheses. The study, conducted on rhesus monkeys, shows that posture-related activity in the primate grasping circuit is crucial for accurate control.
Researchers at University of Zurich used AI to analyze antibiotic resistance using GPT-4 model, creating EUCAST-GPT-expert system for accurate interpretation of antimicrobial resistance mechanisms. The AI system performed well in detecting certain types of resistance but had limitations, while human experts were more accurate but slower.
Researchers have successfully used adenine base editors to correct disease-causing mutations in stem cells from patients with X-CGD, a rare genetic disorder. The approach has shown high efficiency and minimal off-target effects, paving the way for a first-in-human clinical trial.
A new study reveals strawberries as a powerful ally for heart health by supporting cardiometabolic health and managing cholesterol levels. Regular consumption of 1-4 cups of strawberries per day can lower LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, reducing inflammation and cardiovascular risk factors.
The study found an estimated 2.56% of US adults 40 years and older have glaucoma, highlighting the need for public health planning. Disproportionate impact on black individuals underscores the importance of targeted prevention efforts.
A team of researchers has identified mangrove bacteria that can transform polyethylene terephthalate (PET) particles, which are a major contributor to ocean pollution. The discovery of novel enzymes and bacterial species with the ability to break down PET could potentially be used to develop new strategies for plastic waste cleanup.
A new study conducted by researchers at the University of Pennsylvania School of Nursing found a strong association between handheld cellphone use and risky driving behaviors among newly licensed teen drivers. The study identified potential safety risks and recommended strategies to avoid cellphone use while driving.
Researchers developed Janus hydrogel bioadhesives with unique asymmetric surface designs to address postoperative complications. These hydrogels mimic natural biological barriers and have expanded utility as bioadhesive interfaces in complex physiological environments.
Research studies examine global conceptualizations of democracy, partisan animosity, and AI-assisted deliberation to improve democratic attitudes. Findings provide a clearer framework for defending democratic norms worldwide and highlight effective strategies for reducing partisan hostility and anti-democratic attitudes.
Researchers used DNA barcoding to identify 31,800 insect samples from 37 habitats in Sweden, discovering 175 new species of scuttle flies. The study provides insights into the diversity and distribution of these species, which are influenced by climate factors and habitat changes.
A new study has identified novel strains of microbes that have adapted to use limited resources in cities, including those found in Hong Kong's subways and skin. These microbes can metabolize manufactured products, posing health risks if they are pathogenic.
Older adults exposed to extreme indoor heat showed small reductions in end-exposure core temperature and heart rate when using electric fans. However, these changes were of questionable clinical importance and did not exceed previous suggestions for significance.
A study by University of California - Berkeley Haas School of Business researchers found that chain IVF clinics significantly improve treatment cycles and live birth rates compared to independent operators. Clinic acquisition leads to a 27% increase in IVF cycles and a 14% rise in live births, indicating improved care quality.
A new study found that artificial nests outperform natural nests in boosting African penguin breeding success by 16.5%, but each type of nest has strengths and weaknesses. Colony-specific conservation strategies are needed to address the unique threats faced by each colony.
Researchers developed a new prognostic evaluation method for sepsis patients using a microfluidic concentration gradient chip. They discovered significant differences in neutrophil migration parameters between sepsis patients and healthy controls, which were strongly correlated with established sepsis severity markers.
A new Fe-N-C catalyst using dual nitrogen sources enhances the distribution density of active catalytic sites, increasing its overall activity and stability in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The catalyst demonstrates superior performance compared to commercial Pt/C catalysts, with improved durability and resistance to methanol.
A revolutionary robotic system developed by Durham University and international partners enables 24/7 monitoring of queen bees and their interactions with worker bees. Researchers have extracted valuable data on bee behavior, revealing insights into the social self-regulation within bee colonies.
A UFZ study found that individual chemicals can have additive effects on human health when combined with other chemicals, leading to increased neurotoxicity. The research analyzed blood samples from pregnant women and found that even low concentrations of chemicals could cause adverse effects on nerve-like cells.
A new study found that initial prescriptions of benzodiazepines for older stroke survivors often include excessive doses, posing a risk of dependence, falls, and other harmful effects. Guidelines recommend avoiding benzodiazepine prescriptions if possible, but some cases may require limited use under close monitoring.
Researchers discovered a new lattice-modulated magnetic array in Fe₃Sn₂ single crystal, exhibiting unique broken hexagonal structure due to competing symmetry and anisotropy. Hall transport measurements confirmed topologically broken spin configurations, revealing an in-plane ferromagnetic state at low temperatures.
Researchers found that female mouse models of Rett syndrome have a mosaic-like distribution of cells expressing wild-type and mutant MeCP2 protein, leading to dysregulated genes. The study also discovered an unusual disease progression, with females having more dysregulated genes at the pre-symptomatic stage than later on.
A team of researchers has developed strategies to identify regulators of intestinal hormone secretion, which could lead to new treatments for metabolic and gut motility disorders. They used human organoids to study the function of 'nutrient sensors' on hormone-producing cells in the gut.
Researchers found that foamed cellulose diacetate (CDA) degrades 15 times faster than solid CDA and even faster than paper. The study's results suggest that foamed CDA could be used to replace Styrofoam plastic and single-use plastics, reducing plastic pollution and environmental impacts.
The 77th annual meeting of the American Physical Society's Division of Fluid Dynamics will feature more than 3,200 presentations on various fluid dynamics topics. The conference will also include a visual arts competition and exhibition showcasing the science and beauty of fluid motion.
Scientists have created a method to switch between optical pulling and pushing forces by altering the shape of Fermi arcs in topological photonic Weyl systems. This approach enables a stable optical pulling force effective across various particle types, regardless of size, shape, or refractive index.
A new study reveals how three species of bacteria coexist in biofilms by playing a game of 'nice' and then moving out when the surface becomes too crowded. The dominant species, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, disperses to allow other species to thrive.
Glioblastoma, the most malignant primary brain tumour, has an 18-month median survival rate despite treatment. New research from the University of Ottawa suggests a drug used to slow ALS progression may also suppress glioblastoma's self-renewing cancerous stem cells.
A new study finds that the FOXG1 gene has a dual function in regulating RNA transcription and translation, essential for proper brain development. The discovery raises questions about the evolution of this complex mechanism and its potential role in neuroplasticity.
A team of researchers at Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz has developed a new method to study the interior of crystalline drops using monochromatic illumination. This approach exploits the color-dependent scattering of light and reveals the density profile of the drop, including initial rapid expansion due to particle repulsion befo...
Researchers successfully induce insulator-to-metal transition by controlling electronic correlation, revealing high saturation field and percolation effect in iridate/manganite heterostructures. The findings have potential implications for designing next-generation electronic devices.
A species of bioluminescent phytoplankton, Pyrocystis noctiluca, has been found to balloon to six times its original size, allowing it to journey up to 200 meters toward the ocean's surface. This unique strategy enables the plankton to control its density and escape the downward pull of gravity.
Plant roots use a silent molecular 'language' to direct fungi to attach, providing phosphates. Researchers discovered that strigolactone activates fungal genes associated with phosphate metabolism, leading to new strategies for cultivating hardier crops and combatting disease-causing fungi.
Providencia rustigianii carries a type III secretion system and cytolethal distending toxin virulence gene, increasing its pathogenicity, similar to Salmonella.
Deep learning models used in remote sensing tasks are susceptible to various types of noise and attacks, compromising their performance. The study assesses the vulnerabilities of DL algorithms for object detection, revealing several weaknesses that can be leveraged by attackers.
A team led by Timothy Sell will investigate cervical spine injuries in special forces combat soldiers, analyzing design features and risk factors for injury prevention. The study aims to develop interventions to reduce chronic pain and disability among military personnel.
A new benchmark, V-score, compares performance of classical and quantum algorithms in simulating complex phenomena in condensed matter physics. The study identifies the hardest problems in materials science, including frustrated geometries and strong electron interactions.
A recent study published in eClinicalMedicine found that a combination of amubarvimab and romlusevimab did not reduce the occurrence of long COVID symptoms. The researchers assessed symptom diaries and health-related quality of life questionnaires, but saw no significant difference between treatment and placebo groups.
Researchers at Penn Medicine have developed the first mRNA vaccine against C. difficile, a bacterium that causes severe diarrhea and colon damage. The vaccine induces a robust immune response, promotes clearance of existing bacteria from the gut, and overcomes deficits in host immunity to protect against infections.
A new integrated method simplifies luminescence lifetime measurements, allowing researchers to determine lifetimes using standard camera systems. This breakthrough technique transforms fields that rely on optical sensing and chemical imaging.
Scientists develop green Micro-LEDs with high brightness and resolution, overcoming energy conversion efficiency limitations. The innovative wafer-scale uniform GaN-on-silicon epilayer technology enables the mass production of high-brightness Micro-LED displays on large size epi-wafers.
A new study surveyed over 6000 people from six countries, finding a global consensus on the definition of democracy. Competitive elections and civil liberties are consistently prioritized as key components of democracy, making it more likely for citizens to identify undemocratic behavior.
Researchers at USC found a link between per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and kidney damage, which may be tied to dysregulation of the gut microbiome. The study, published in Science of the Total Environment, suggests that changes in gut bacteria and related metabolites can explain up to 50% of decreased kidney function.
Researchers found that ApoE protects melanoma cells from ferroptosis by increasing antioxidant capacity and neutralizing lipids. This discovery highlights the APOE gene as a critical factor in melanoma cell survival, potentially opening new avenues for treatment.
Researchers discovered that vitamin B12 reduces the risk of developing different types of pancreatitis by strongly associating with reduced risk. Vitamin B12 also displays protective effects on acinar cells from necrosis during early stages of acute pancreatitis and promotes tissue repair.
A Geisinger study found a significant link between increased autism risk and the Y chromosome, offering a potential explanation for the disparity in ASD prevalence among males. The research analyzed genetic data from over 177,000 patients and confirmed prior work on Turner syndrome's association with ASD risk.
The Center for Global Health Practice and Impact (CGHPI) at Georgetown University Medical Center has been awarded $27.5 million by the CDC/PEPFAR to expand its work in Haiti addressing HIV/AIDS. The new program, TIDE Plus, will strengthen care delivery models and support patient-led organizations to sustain the HIV response.
The National Tax Journal recognizes Jason DeBacker, Bradley T. Heim, Anh Tran, and Alexander Yuskavage for their article on paid preparers decreasing tax compliance. The journal also presents the annual Referee Award to Emilie Jackson and Jason DeBacker for their exceptional service as referees.
The latest DESI data reveals a dynamic behavior of dark energy known as quintom-B, which can be explained by modified gravity theory. This study suggests that dark energy may not be a cosmological constant in the traditional sense.
A multi-state study published in The Lancet found the RSV vaccine to be highly effective in protecting older adults against severe disease, hospitalization, and death. The vaccine provided approximately 80% protection against these outcomes, including severe disease and ICU admission.
A modelling study suggests that Martian ice deposits in mid-latitudes could provide conditions necessary for photosynthetic life. The study found that ice containing dust content levels between 0.01-0.1% could have a habitable region at depths of 5-38 cm, with cleaner ice allowing for deeper zones.
Sweden has surpassed the UNAIDS and WHO targets for the HIV epidemic, with 96% diagnosed, 99% on treatment, and 98% having undetectable virus levels. The country's effective infrastructure and comprehensive data collection have made it possible to reach these ambitious targets.
Researchers developed a broadband CPL photodetector using an achiral structure to detect left- and right-hand circularly polarized light with an ultrahigh discrimination ratio. The device operates across the entire visible spectrum and can accurately detect small changes in light ellipticity.
Researchers propose a model that examines the complex relationships between children's appetite regulation and environmental influences. The study suggests that temperamental characteristics play a significant role in shaping children's eating behaviors and provide guidelines for better understanding childhood appetite self-regulation.
A study from the University of Surrey found that 99.73% of undergraduate medical students in Afghanistan exhibit symptoms of nomophobia, a fear and anxiety related to being without a mobile phone. Gender, age, and marital status are significant factors influencing nomophobia levels, with married individuals showing higher mean scores.
Researchers at HKUST have discovered a neuroprotective mechanism involving microglia that prevents acute axonal degeneration after spinal cord injury. Microglia establish direct contact with myelinated axons, exhibiting a protective wrapping behavior that delays degeneration.