Articles tagged with Additive Effects
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study analyzed health data of over 100,000 adults and found that two food additive mixtures were associated with a higher incidence of type 2 diabetes. The mixtures contained emulsifiers, sweeteners, and colourings commonly found in ultra-processed foods.
A recent study investigated the effects of different flavor enhancers on nicotine preference and oral choice behavior in rats. The research found that sweeteners, particularly saccharin, increased nicotine consumption in female rats, while flavors like cinnamon had a greater impact on male rats.
A new study developed a human microbiota modelling system capable of predicting each person's sensitivity to an emulsifier, such as carboxymethylcellulose (CMC), using a simple stool sample. The model identified a specific metagenomic signature of sensitivity to CMC, allowing for the prediction of individual susceptibility.
A recent study by UCLA researchers has discovered high amounts of bis(2,2,6,6-tetramethyl-4-piperidyl) sebacate (BTMPS) in illicitly sold fentanyl. BTMPS is not approved for human consumption and has been linked to serious health effects such as cardiotoxicity and ocular damage.
A recent study led by Heike Bischoff-Ferrari found that taking omega-3 fatty acids slowed down biological aging across several epigenetic clocks by up to four months. The combination of omega-3, vitamin D, and strength training proved to be even more effective in slowing down the biological aging process.
Researchers found that individual PFAS have relatively low cytotoxicity and neurotoxicity levels, but the chemicals act together to make mixtures toxic. PFOA and PFOS were found to be major contributors to mixture toxicity.
Researchers detected over 120 organic micropollutants in the River Oder, amplifying the effect of algal toxins on fish biomass. The mixture of pollutants caused significant stress and potential harm to aquatic organisms.
Researchers at Tokyo University of Science discovered a natural tyrosinase inhibitor from Corynebacterium tuberculostearicum that inhibits melanin synthesis and provides an alternative to toxic hydroquinone-based products. The compound, cyclo(L-Pro-L-Tyr), exhibits low toxicity and potential benefits for hyperpigmentation treatment.
Pusan National University researchers introduced FLIT-SHAP, an explainable machine learning approach that breaks down pollutant effects in mixtures. The tool revealed significant synergistic and antagonistic interactions, challenging current approaches to regulating pollutants.
A study analyzing 610 chemicals found in European watercourses detected 504 substances, including pesticides, pharmaceuticals, and PFAS, with 74% of samples exceeding scientific limit values. The chemical footprint concept quantifies the impact of mixtures on aquatic organisms, highlighting the need for further monitoring and evaluation.
Researchers investigated combining Sacituzumab govitecan with platinum-based chemotherapeutics for triple-negative breast cancer, urinary bladder carcinoma, and small-cell lung carcinoma. The study showed additive to synergistic antitumor effects in vitro and in vivo, with improved outcomes in tumor-bearing animals.
Researchers have shown that combining poverty with chronic inflammation worsens health outcomes, increasing heart disease and cancer mortality rates. The study analyzed data from nearly 95 million adults and found a synergistic effect of poverty and inflammation on mortality.
A comprehensive global analysis found that these stop-smoking aids are nearly twice as effective as single forms of NRT. Dual forms of NRT, such as combining a patch with gum or a lozenge, were found to be nearly as effective as nicotine e-cigarettes and prescription medications.
Researchers at Children's Hospital of Philadelphia found that NSAIDs exacerbate C. difficile infections by disrupting epithelial cell mitochondria, sensiting them to toxins. The study shows that NSAIDs and C. difficile toxins work synergistically to increase virulence, leading to increased disease severity and mortality.
Researchers discovered bimetallic tartrate complexes with unique structures, formed by insufficient ligand, leading to improved sensor characteristics for microbiosensors. The study showcases the potential of laser-induced chemical liquid phase deposition for creating nanostructures with various applications.
Researchers developed a new tool to predict heart disease risk in those over 40 based on their total exposure to heart disease risk factors. The study found that black patients have a 46% greater risk of developing heart disease compared to white patients.
New study reveals plastic additives selectively harm corals' reproductive processes, development, and settlement, affecting ecosystem balance. Researchers found alarming effects of environmental concentrations on various organisms, highlighting the urgent need for better risk assessments.
Researchers discovered that e-cigarette vendors are adding synthetic cooling agents WS-3 and WS-23 to their products, which can cause organ toxicity. The study found that these agents were present in most popular e-cigarette brands, including Puffbar, and posed a risk to users, particularly when consumed regularly.
A recent study found that combining cannabis and alcohol significantly worsens driving performance compared to using either substance alone. This is because the effects of cannabis on driving are additive to those of alcohol, leading to impaired lane control and increased crash risks.
Researchers found a 25-point IQ drop in carriers of the 16p11.2 gene deletion, even in individuals with normal IQ scores. The study quantified the additive effects of genetic mutations on cognition and behavior.
Plant breeders are developing salt-tolerant grass to conserve water, using treated wastewater in turf grass cultivation. The research found that additive genetic effects play a crucial role in salt tolerance, allowing breeders to select for desirable traits.
Researchers found that individual variations in the genetic code can collectively produce significant changes in an organism's physical characteristics, depending on other variants. This study may help explain the 'missing heritability' problem, where additive genetic variants do not entirely explain many inherited diseases and traits.
A new study found that alcohol and nicotine interact in the brain's dopamine system, suggesting a link between the two addictive behaviors. Rodent studies showed that combining alcohol and nicotine increased dopamine release, while blocking nicotinic effects with mecamylamine reduced alcohol's pleasurable effects.
A study of over 3300 schoolchildren reveals that exposure to maternal cigarette smoke during pregnancy significantly reduces lung function. The effects are particularly noticeable on small airways and airflow, with environmental tobacco smoke having a lesser impact.
Researchers at UCSF and Regeneron Pharmaceuticals have found that the protein angiopoietin-1 (Ang1) can restore leaky vessels to normal, block leakage effects of substances, and complement VEGF's growth-promoting action. This discovery holds strong promise for treating chronic inflammatory diseases and promoting healthy blood vessel gr...
A daily fish meal as part of a weight-loss diet lowers cholesterol levels, benefits glucose metabolism, and promotes successful weight loss in overweight middle-aged men and women with hypertension. The study found that a low-fat diet combined with fish consumption improved patients' glucose tolerance and reduced abdominal fat.