Articles tagged with Adipose Tissue
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
A new study reveals that leptin can restore reproductive function in women with extreme low body fat levels, such as those with infertility, eating disorders, or osteoporosis. Leptin therapy showed dramatic results in raising reproductive hormones and improving menstrual cycles.
Researchers found that leptin signaling is necessary for regulating body weight homeostasis in mice. The study revealed that leptin receptors on POMC neurons play a key role in this process, and their absence leads to increased fat mass.
A new study by UW Health Sports Medicine Center uses a four-component model to measure body composition and predict minimum weight for athletes. The findings have important implications for high school and college wrestlers, as well as the national fight against pediatric obesity.
Researchers discovered that healthy Asian Indian men, even those not overweight, exhibit abnormal cytokine production levels associated with insulin resistance. This metabolic issue can increase the risk of developing type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease.
Research suggests that higher pre-pregnancy BMI increases the risk of developing preeclampsia sharply, even within normal BMI ranges. The study found a curvilinear relationship between BMI and preeclampsia risk, with women considered 'obese' facing a three-fold increased risk.
Research found that young children who consumed moderate amounts of dairy products and fat experienced less weight gain than those on low-fat or high-fat diets. Increased consumption of fruits and vegetables was also associated with lower gains in body fat.
Studies identify specific tissue sites where abnormal cells lead to insulin resistance and Metabolic Syndrome. PPARgamma in fat tissue affects adipose cell function, while defective muscle tissue causes profound insulin resistance.
A Canadian study found that children with higher aerobic fitness reported fewer 'sick' days, while those with high body fat experienced more URTIs. Regular physical activity and lower body fat were also linked to better immune function in children.
Two studies found that macrophage infiltration of adipose tissue is characteristic of human obesity and precedes insulin resistance. Treatment with an insulin-sensitizing drug triggered downregulation of inflammatory genes, suggesting a potential therapeutic target.
A study on beclin 1 autophagy gene reveals its role in tumor suppression. In another study, researchers found that obese fatty tissue is characterized by inflammation, which may contribute to insulin resistance. These findings suggest that autophagy and inflammation play crucial roles in cancer biology and obesity-related diseases.
A recent study found that adolescent girls who consumed more calcium on average weighed less than those who consumed less calcium. The researchers discovered that an increase in one serving of dairy products or supplements resulted in a significant reduction in weight and body fat.
Researchers found that workplace-based physical activity counseling programs significantly improved employees' physical activity levels and fitness. The program, called PACE, was tailored to individual readiness for change and showed greatest benefits for those with less-favorable health profiles.
Biological differences in taste sensitivity have been linked to various health risks, including colon cancer and cardiovascular disease. Supertasters are more likely to avoid vegetables due to their bitter taste, but this may lead to a higher risk of certain cancers.
Dr. Babs Soller's team is working on a sensor system that can measure blood and tissue chemistry without the need for blood draws or incisions, providing accurate readings unaffected by skin color or body fat. The device has potential applications in space medicine, emergency rooms, ambulances, and exercise training.
Scientists have successfully implanted cartilage made from stem cells in mice, showing promise for repairing damaged tissues. The study uses fat cells to produce cartilage-like cells that can be used as implants to treat injuries and diseases.
A study of 206 men and 135 women found that waist circumference and BMI are both strong predictors of nonabdominal, abdominal subcutaneous, and visceral fat stores. Combining these two measures is more effective at predicting abdominal obesity and its associated health risks than using either variable alone.
A new study links mothers' attitudes toward their child's eating habits with their child's obesity risk. Researchers found that mothers who pressure their children to finish everything on their plate have healthier, leaner children, while those who worry about their child's weight tend to have fatter kids.
Researchers explore how hormones impact glucose production in fat cells, shedding light on metabolic health. Key findings reveal complex interactions between hormone receptors and glucose metabolism pathways.
This study found that physical activity has a significant effect on body weight and BMI in school-aged boys, but not girls. The researchers suggest that other factors, such as energy or fat consumption, may be more important determinants of weight in girls.
A study of nearly 10,000 children in the UK found that obese children are at greater risk of developing asthma. The researchers discovered a significant association between weight and respiratory symptoms, with the heaviest children more likely to experience wheezing and asthma attacks.
Researchers at Baylor College of Medicine have identified perilipin as a crucial protein that protects fat cells from breakdown. By eliminating this protein, mice lost weight despite consuming more food and gained increased muscle mass. The findings hold promise for developing new anti-perilipin drugs to combat obesity.
A study of over 17,150 male physicians found that taller men and those with higher waist-to-hip ratios were at increased risk of developing cataracts. The authors suggest a possible genetic link to height and abdominal adiposity as contributing factors.
A study conducted at Yale suggests that non-overweight women with abdominal fat have exaggerated responses to cortisol, a stress hormone. This leads to increased visceral fat, related to worse health outcomes like heart disease and diabetes.
A study found that antidiabetic drugs are less effective in mice without adipose tissue, suggesting a possible connection between fatty liver disease and diabetes. The authors also noted that the drugs still had some beneficial effects on lipid metabolism in these animals.
A novel liposuction treatment has been developed to treat chronic lymphoedema in breast cancer patients, reducing arm swelling by up to 98% and improving mobility and pain levels. The treatment involves removing fatty tissue and accumulated lymph via small incisions along the arm.
A study by Elissa Epel found that lean women who experience high levels of stress are more likely to accumulate excess abdominal fat, which increases their risk for certain diseases. The researchers suggest that this type of fat is linked to greater heart disease and diabetes.
The estimated total first year costs for diagnosing, treating, and managing FMMA range from $410 for insulin resistance to $7,368 for abnormal fat distribution, with second-year costs ranging from $115 to $3,895 depending on the symptom being treated.
Studies show Avandia reduces hepatic fat and increases subcutaneous fat without increasing intra-abdominal fat, a key factor in type 2 diabetes. The medication also decreases plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 levels, associated with cardiovascular risk factors.
A study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that walking and weight loss reduced midthigh fat and improved glucose metabolism in older obese women. The intervention resulted in significant decreases in body weight, waist circumference, and cholesterol levels, as well as improvements in aerobic capacity.
A protein called Wnt-10b appears to help prevent fat formation by quieting two molecules that promote it. The discovery offers fundamental new information on obesity and may suggest targets for anti-obesity drugs.
Researchers discovered a new receptor site in the brain that causes mice to become obese by storing fat and expending less energy. The study sheds light on genetic determinants of obesity, metabolism, and regulation of fat mass.
A pilot study suggests metformin, a type 2 diabetes drug, may help treat HIV lipodystrophy by reducing insulin levels and improving metabolic changes. The treatment was well-tolerated with no serious side effects reported, but further studies are needed to confirm its effectiveness.
A recent study found that most existing skinfold-thickness equations developed from white adults do not accurately measure body fat in adolescent minority populations. Researchers identified a new equation, but further refinement is needed for African American girls and women.
Researchers at Johns Hopkins Medicine have discovered a compound called C75 that rapidly turns off appetite in mice, causing significant weight loss. The substance works by blocking the production of neuropeptide Y, a key hormone involved in appetite regulation.
A recent study published in the American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that physical activity has a greater impact on preschoolers' weight than diet. The research, which followed 77 preschool children for four days, showed no significant correlation between energy intake and body fat percentage.
A new diet study, funded by Duke University Medical Center, aims to test the hypothesis that reducing fat intake can halt or slow diabetes progression. Participants will consume specially prepared foods with Olestra instead of real fat, allowing researchers to study a low-fat diet independently from a low-calorie diet.
Researchers found that inhibiting triglyceride synthesis, a key step in fat regulation, results in obesity resistance in mice. The study suggests that blocking DGAT-mediated triglyceride synthesis may be a potential strategy for treating obesity.
Researchers at Schepens Eye Research Institute have found that the HMG I-C gene causes tumors called lipomas in fat tissue, which can become malignant. The study suggests targeting this molecule could be useful for treating obesity and lipoma-related cancers.
New research reveals that menstrual function matures rapidly after the first period, accompanied by a surge in hormones, rather than gradually over four to six years as previously thought. This finding has significant implications for adolescent pregnancy prevention and contraception initiation.
Researchers found that children whose parents scored high on dietary restraint or disinhibition had greater increases in body fat over time. Parents' impulsive eating habits also had a strong effect on their child's body fat level.
A study published in The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition found that a father's percent body fat predicted the pattern of weight gain in their daughters. The researchers analyzed data from 47 pre-pubescent girls, finding that only the father's weight correlated with the daughter's weight gain patterns.
A study of genetically obese rats revealed that an overabundance of fat can collect in heart cells and cause them to die, leading to heart failure. The researchers found that a diabetes drug prevents this damage by oxidizing the fat so it burns up rather than accumulating and causing heart-cell death.
A new study finds that subclinical hypothyroidism, a condition prevalent in older women with no observable symptoms, is a strong indicator of risk for hardening of the arteries and heart attacks. Additionally, low-birthweight babies and babies of underweight mothers have a high risk for a diabetic condition.
A study found that green tea extract increases thermogenesis and overall energy expenditure, promoting fat burning. The supplement's catechin polyphenols and caffeine content showed a synergistic interaction, which boosted metabolic rates.
A study by Johns Hopkins Medicine found that combined hormone therapy of estrogen and androgen increased muscle mass and decreased fat in postmenopausal women. The therapy showed an average 2-4% reduction in body fat and a 4-6% increase in muscle mass.
Researchers found that stimulating growth hormone production in healthy older men and women can reduce body fat by approximately 5% and increase IGF-I levels. This effect was observed in both men and women, with some suggestions that estrogen replacement may partially block certain effects.
A study of 200 white and black girls aged 13-14 found that more body fat was associated with lower dating success, while below-average fat was linked to higher rates of dating. The research suggests that adolescent girls' weight concerns influence their attitudes towards physical attractiveness.
Researchers at Washington University School of Medicine found a strong link between genes and the accumulation of extra belly fat and insulin resistance. The study suggests that people with certain genetic traits are more likely to develop type II diabetes and abdominal visceral fat, even if they follow healthy lifestyles.
A study of 3000 children aged 5-17 found a clear relationship between abdominal fat and abnormal serum lipids and insulin levels. This suggests that childhood obesity may predict later development of diabetes and heart disease.
Researchers at UCSF and the Gladstone Institute of Cardiovascular Disease have discovered a gene that encodes DGAT, a key enzyme in fat production. This finding has implications for understanding human energy cycles, obesity, and cardiovascular disease.
Researchers at Duke University Medical Center found that a low-fat diet can reverse type 2 diabetes in mice by reducing insulin and glucose levels independently of weight loss. The study suggests that foods high in fat, not sugar, are responsible for the onset of diabetes.
A study of 1235 adults found that obesity was associated with reduced breathing capacity, but only when fat mass was present. Handgrip strength and muscular fitness were also linked to improved lung function, suggesting a mediating role in the relationship between body composition and respiratory function.
Research found large differences in mean plasma leptin concentrations among Nigerian, Jamaican, and US black populations. Women showed higher leptin levels than men at every level of body fat. The study also suggests an exponential response of leptin to increases in body fat stores.
A new study reveals that body fat is significantly associated with increased blood pressure, particularly in women. Researchers found that those who gained more fat over time also experienced higher increases in blood pressure.
The study used identical twins to investigate the role of genes in individual differences in response to chronic overfeeding. The results showed significant similarity within pairs for body weight, fat distribution, and insulin levels, but reduced similarity when accounting for total body fat.
Research reveals low leptin levels in restrained eaters, particularly in underweight females, who have higher cognitive restraint scores. The study found a negative correlation between leptin levels and cognitive restraint scores in these individuals.
Research shows that older adults have a decreased ability to oxidize fat during exercise, with only one-third the fat oxidation of younger counterparts. However, an intensive 16-week exercise program can help restore normal fat oxidation patterns in elderly individuals.
A new study of 460 adults found that people with triglyceride levels as low as 100 mg/dl were more than twice as likely to suffer from future heart disease. Regular exercise, a diet low in saturated fat, and omega-3 rich foods can help break down fatty deposits in blood vessels.