Articles tagged with Spores
Comprehensive exploration of living organisms, biological systems, and life processes across all scales from molecules to ecosystems. Encompasses cutting-edge research in biology, genetics, molecular biology, ecology, biochemistry, microbiology, botany, zoology, evolutionary biology, genomics, and biotechnology. Investigates cellular mechanisms, organism development, genetic inheritance, biodiversity conservation, metabolic processes, protein synthesis, DNA sequencing, CRISPR gene editing, stem cell research, and the fundamental principles governing all forms of life on Earth.
Comprehensive medical research, clinical studies, and healthcare sciences focused on disease prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Encompasses clinical medicine, public health, pharmacology, epidemiology, medical specialties, disease mechanisms, therapeutic interventions, healthcare innovation, precision medicine, telemedicine, medical devices, drug development, clinical trials, patient care, mental health, nutrition science, health policy, and the application of medical science to improve human health, wellbeing, and quality of life across diverse populations.
Comprehensive investigation of human society, behavior, relationships, and social structures through systematic research and analysis. Encompasses psychology, sociology, anthropology, economics, political science, linguistics, education, demography, communications, and social research methodologies. Examines human cognition, social interactions, cultural phenomena, economic systems, political institutions, language and communication, educational processes, population dynamics, and the complex social, cultural, economic, and political forces shaping human societies, communities, and civilizations throughout history and across the contemporary world.
Fundamental study of the non-living natural world, matter, energy, and physical phenomena governing the universe. Encompasses physics, chemistry, earth sciences, atmospheric sciences, oceanography, materials science, and the investigation of physical laws, chemical reactions, geological processes, climate systems, and planetary dynamics. Explores everything from subatomic particles and quantum mechanics to planetary systems and cosmic phenomena, including energy transformations, molecular interactions, elemental properties, weather patterns, tectonic activity, and the fundamental forces and principles underlying the physical nature of reality.
Practical application of scientific knowledge and engineering principles to solve real-world problems and develop innovative technologies. Encompasses all engineering disciplines, technology development, computer science, artificial intelligence, environmental sciences, agriculture, materials applications, energy systems, and industrial innovation. Bridges theoretical research with tangible solutions for infrastructure, manufacturing, computing, communications, transportation, construction, sustainable development, and emerging technologies that advance human capabilities, improve quality of life, and address societal challenges through scientific innovation and technological progress.
Study of the practice, culture, infrastructure, and social dimensions of science itself. Addresses how science is conducted, organized, communicated, and integrated into society. Encompasses research funding mechanisms, scientific publishing systems, peer review processes, academic ethics, science policy, research institutions, scientific collaboration networks, science education, career development, research programs, scientific methods, science communication, and the sociology of scientific discovery. Examines the human, institutional, and cultural aspects of scientific enterprise, knowledge production, and the translation of research into societal benefit.
Comprehensive study of the universe beyond Earth, encompassing celestial objects, cosmic phenomena, and space exploration. Includes astronomy, astrophysics, planetary science, cosmology, space physics, astrobiology, and space technology. Investigates stars, galaxies, planets, moons, asteroids, comets, black holes, nebulae, exoplanets, dark matter, dark energy, cosmic microwave background, stellar evolution, planetary formation, space weather, solar system dynamics, the search for extraterrestrial life, and humanity's efforts to explore, understand, and unlock the mysteries of the cosmos through observation, theory, and space missions.
Comprehensive examination of tools, techniques, methodologies, and approaches used across scientific disciplines to conduct research, collect data, and analyze results. Encompasses experimental procedures, analytical methods, measurement techniques, instrumentation, imaging technologies, spectroscopic methods, laboratory protocols, observational studies, statistical analysis, computational methods, data visualization, quality control, and methodological innovations. Addresses the practical techniques and theoretical frameworks enabling scientists to investigate phenomena, test hypotheses, gather evidence, ensure reproducibility, and generate reliable knowledge through systematic, rigorous investigation across all areas of scientific inquiry.
Study of abstract structures, patterns, quantities, relationships, and logical reasoning through pure and applied mathematical disciplines. Encompasses algebra, calculus, geometry, topology, number theory, analysis, discrete mathematics, mathematical logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computational mathematics. Investigates mathematical structures, theorems, proofs, algorithms, functions, equations, and the rigorous logical frameworks underlying quantitative reasoning. Provides the foundational language and tools for all scientific fields, enabling precise description of natural phenomena, modeling of complex systems, and the development of technologies across physics, engineering, computer science, economics, and all quantitative sciences.
Researchers have sequenced the genome of Fusarium graminearum, a fungal plant pathogen that causes devastating blight in wheat and barley crops. The study reveals unstable regions of the genome where disease-causing genes reside, providing insights into the fungus's ability to evolve and adapt.
A vaccine against anthrax has been developed using nanoparticles, which triggers a strong immune response and induces immunity on mucous membranes, providing protection after bioterror attacks. The new vaccine is easy to store and administer without needles, making it a valuable tool for health authorities.
The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center has received significant funding from the National Cancer Institute to advance innovative colorectal cancer research. The center will focus on developing diagnostic and therapeutic approaches using high-throughput screening strategies, aiming to identify new treatments for this deadly disease.
A new study reveals the alterations in spore coat and germ cell wall that accompany transformation from a spore to a vegetative cell. Researchers used AFM to show the breakdown of spore coat structures, allowing a bacterium to emerge and reenter the replicating mode.
Researchers create femtosecond adaptive spectroscopic techniques via CARS (FAST-CARS) to detect anthrax spores, using ultrashort pulses to minimize background noise. The technique can identify bacterial endospores in real-time, with potential applications in monitoring glucose levels and scanning the atmosphere.
Researchers found evidence of leech-borne transmission of a fungus-like organism infecting newts' muscles, which may affect their ability to reproduce. The infection is not fatal but can impact newt populations. Human activities, such as fertilizer use in wetlands, could lead to increased leech abundance and disease spread.
Scientists identify AbNPS2 gene crucial to fungal spore cell wall integrity, impacting viability and host plant damage. Disruption of the gene leads to structural changes, decreased germination rates, and reduced survival under adverse conditions.
A recent discovery sheds light on fungi's evolution from water to land, revealing diverse mechanisms of spore dispersal and new tools for medicine and industry. The research provides a deeper understanding of these organisms' roles in nature and their potential applications.
A team of scientists reconstructed the early evolution of fungi, finding that ancestors may have lost flagellae and adapted to life on land in multiple instances. Fungi are believed to be animals' closest relatives and play a crucial role as decomposers in ecosystems.
Researchers at Clemson University have created a nanotechnology-based countermeasure to render anthrax spores harmless. The method uses sugar-coated carbon nanotubes to bind with the spores, preventing their inhalation and destruction.
A team of researchers developed a new method to specifically recognize anthrax spores using monoclonal antibodies that target a unique sugar component called anthrose. This breakthrough offers a promising solution for rapid and accurate diagnosis, potentially reducing the risk of death from anthrax if treatment is delayed.
A new study by the University of Cincinnati found that infants exposed to specific airborne fungal spores have a higher risk of developing multiple allergies. The research team collected fungal spores from 144 infant homes and found that some fungi may cause allergic sensitization, while others inhibit allergy development.
Researchers found that a bacterial parasite, Pasteuria ramosa, produces intermediate levels of virulence to maximize spore production and host fitness. This tradeoff between host and parasite fitness has important implications for public health strategies to contain emerging parasitic diseases.
Researchers have identified a new protein called PlyPH that can kill anthrax bacteria by bursting their cell walls. This protein has a wide pH range and is highly specific to anthrax bacteria, making it an attractive option for environmental decontamination and treatment.
Researchers found that acidifying bleach with vinegar significantly improves its ability to kill bacterial spores. The study compared the effectiveness of alkaline and acidified bleach dilutions in disinfecting surfaces contaminated with dried Bacillus anthracis spores, finding that acidified bleach was virtually effective.
Researchers found that anthrax spores can tolerate water treatment and attach to pipes, potentially allowing them to pass through the system. Higher chlorine concentrations were more effective in killing the spores, but at high levels could make water undrinkable.
A study by Sandia National Laboratories found that traditional sampling methods for detecting anthrax spores are ineffective, leaving up to 80% of spores behind. The researchers used coupons seeded with Bacillus atrophaeus spores and found that no method was very efficient, with the vacuum method collecting only 20% of the spores.
Researchers at National Jewish Health conducted the first human studies on bleach's ability to neutralize mold allergens. The study showed that dilute household bleach solutions significantly reduced allergic health effects in patients with Aspergillus allergies.
The Mayo Clinic Cancer Center will lead a multidisciplinary team in translational research projects addressing breast cancer causes, prediction, and treatment. The SPORE grant aims to improve survival and quality of life for women with breast cancer.
Researchers have discovered that since the 1960s, spores from living land plants show a three-fold increase in UV-B absorbing pigments to protect themselves against declining stratospheric ozone. By studying ancient plant fossils, scientists aim to measure past UV-B levels and better understand Earth's climate history.
The study found that Bermudagrass lawns support twice as many fungal spores as St. Augustine grass, which can trigger allergic reactions. Leaving grass clippings on the lawn after mowing is also recommended to reduce potential allergens.
Biologists discovered a common corn fungus can launch its spores at incredible speeds of up to 80 miles an hour. The spore travels only two-tenths of an inch before landing due to atmospheric drag, which plays a significant role in the physics of scaling.
A study published in PNAS reveals a short protein, SDF-2, used by Dictyostelium to synchronize spore formation, similar to DBI found in human brains. The discovery confirms the organism's potential as an experimental system for studying cell communication.
Researchers aim to develop drugs that block anthrax spore germination by understanding the role of Coenzyme A in regulating the process. By studying three-dimensional protein structures, they hope to identify vulnerabilities for new therapeutic agents.
Researchers have discovered that treated fabric can effectively kill anthrax spores, a significant finding in the field of antimicrobial textiles. The treatment shows promise for various applications, including clothing and outdoor gear, providing a potential solution for exposure to microorganisms.
Researchers have found that nisin can effectively neutralize both anthrax and Bacillus cereus spores. The natural antimicrobial peptide has been shown to remain dormant on treated spores, preventing germination and disease in mice. Further development of nisin-based formulations for human skin decontamination is underway.
Researchers have developed coating technologies to improve the environmental persistence of biopesticides, increasing their resistance to UV radiation. This technology could make other biopesticides more effective as well.
Researchers found that pleiotropy plays a crucial role in preventing 'cheaters' from exploiting their neighbors in slime mold colonies. The study reveals a molecular block to cheating and its link to the essential function of reproduction.
A new computer model predicts that soybean rust, a highly aggressive form of the disease, has already spread to Brazil and Venezuela, putting the US at high risk. The model suggests that the disease will reach the US within the current growing season or no later than two years.
Researchers investigated using lytic bacteriophage to reduce spore contamination in soil, finding a significant reduction with minimal toxicity. The approach is an environmentally friendly and cost-effective alternative to traditional decontamination methods.
Researchers found that anthrax spores can germinate, reproduce and form new spores in soil samples, defying the long-held belief that they require a host to survive. The study suggests that the deadly pathogen may be more versatile and resilient than initially thought.
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute researcher is developing a compound to neutralize anthrax toxin, which could be injected into healthy humans as a preventive measure or given to infected individuals as an antidote. The goal is to develop a safe and effective treatment for bioterrorist anthrax attacks.
Researchers have identified key genes and proteins involved in anthrax spore formation, revealing a complex process that involves the production of over 750 individual proteins. This study provides valuable insights into the molecular biology of anthrax and could lead to new vaccines and treatments.
ThraxVac uses alpha particles from polonium-210 to kill anthrax spores, making them vulnerable to heat and moisture. The technology has several advantages over current methods, including being lightweight and eliminating health and radiation hazards.
Researchers at Carnegie Mellon University have developed Fe-TAML activators that can substantially decontaminate a cultured, benign simulant of anthrax. The technology has the potential to be used in water disinfection and environmental remediation, with applications extending beyond biological warfare agents.
The Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center has been awarded a $13 million SPORE grant to support innovative research in breast cancer. The grant will fund four scientific projects and six core facilities, focusing on identifying molecular targets for lung, breast, and colorectal cancer.
A new study found that larger exposures to anthrax spores require longer antibiotic therapy. In low-exposure cases, sixty days of antibiotics provide adequate protection, but four months are needed for high-exposure situations.
Scientists have found that Bacillus spore size changes with environmental conditions, potentially allowing for rapid detection of anthrax. The discovery could enable a test to identify anthrax spores in seconds to minutes.
Researchers have successfully used Non-Contact Ultrasound (NCU) to inactivate bacterial spores, opening up potential for sterilizing mail, medical equipment, food, and more. The technology uses high-frequency sound waves to penetrate materials without causing harm.
Researchers developed a technique that uses acoustic energy to kill bacteria on medical instruments, reducing the need for heat and chemicals. The method achieved a 90% kill rate using a combination of pressure and isopropyl alcohol, with potential benefits for minimizing infection risk and reducing equipment downtime.
The UCLA SPORE will focus on identifying new molecular targets for therapies and investigating nutritional strategies to prevent prostate cancer. Researchers will work together to develop targeted therapies that focus on what is broken in the cancer cell.
A new compound derived from baker's yeast has been shown to significantly increase the survival rate of mice infected with lethal anthrax spores. The study found that mice treated with the compound survived at a rate of 75-100%, compared to just 30-50% in mice given a placebo.
The Karnal bunt pathogen faces challenges in reproducing over long distances, leading to declining small populations instead of growth. Researchers found that a critical mass is needed for the population to function well and invade new areas.
A new method by USF researchers can detect anthrax spores in under 8 hours, reducing turnaround time from days. This breakthrough enables more laboratories to test samples, alleviating backlog and anxiety caused by long wait times.
A study found that B. cereus spores are associated with high numbers of gold-containing soils, suggesting their potential use as a biogeochemical indicator. The method could help geologists locate gold deposits at low cost and efficiency.
The model simulates the mail-borne anthrax outbreak in the US, demonstrating that six original letters contaminated up to 5,000 other pieces of mail, primarily affecting elderly recipients. The analysis highlights the greatest risk to society came from postal workers and recipients of cross-contaminated letters.
The National Cancer Institute has awarded a $13 million grant to Vanderbilt University Medical Center to support research into molecular targets for colorectal cancer. The five-year project will focus on translational research using various molecular targets for prevention and therapy, with the goal of improving patient outcomes.
Scientists at Scripps Research Institute have identified human antibodies that can recognize spore surfaces, enabling the detection of anthrax and other bacterial spores. These antibodies could be used to passively immunize individuals exposed to anthrax, providing a simple and inexpensive treatment option.
Methyl bromide fumigation is a better option than current treatments for killing anthrax, according to UF researchers. The method could have saved $23 million in cleanup costs compared to estimated methods.
University of Michigan scientists have identified a protective mechanism that allows anthrax spores to remain dormant in soil for decades. The study found that germination requires the coordinated activity of multiple genes, receptor proteins, and amino acids in two simultaneous signaling pathways.
Researchers have developed a new anti-microbial agent that can destroy anthrax spores while remaining non-toxic to humans and animals. The material, BCTP, has shown promise as a post-exposure decontamination agent in animal studies.