Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
A population-based study found no association between prenatal paracetamol exposure and risk of autism spectrum disorder or attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in offspring. The study suggests that positive signals from previous research may be due to familial confounding.
A cohort study found that a dietary pattern with lower inflammatory potential was associated with lower dementia risk among individuals with Alzheimer disease pathology. Targeted dietary strategies may help prevent dementia in those already at elevated risk.
A Japanese cohort study found that better maternal cardiovascular health during pregnancy is associated with lower risks of offspring developmental delay at age 4. The study suggests a potential protective effect of optimal maternal cardiovascular health on child development.
Hospitalized children with acute respiratory tract infections often have underlying chronic conditions that require intensive care. The study found that these patients are at a higher risk of severe disease and death. Understanding the epidemiologic profile of this population can help optimize outcomes for pediatric patients.
A cohort study found that smartphone acquisition at age 13 was linked to increased risk of insufficient sleep at age 14. Excessive smartphone use was also tied to higher odds of depression and obesity. Limiting screen time may protect adolescents from these outcomes.
A large Japanese study found that maintaining a healthier profile with lower lifestyle and health risks can significantly lower dementia risk in people with one or no APOE ε4 alleles. However, individuals carrying two APOE ε4 alleles may require different preventive or therapeutic approaches.
Prediagnostic statin use showed no association with higher survival rates, but postdiagnostic use was linked to lower all-cause and breast cancer-specific mortality among hormone receptor-positive subtypes. Statin therapy may improve survival of these patient groups.
A national cohort study found that living in high-segregation neighborhoods was associated with lower likelihood of live donor liver transplant (LDLT) access. Candidates from high-segregation neighborhoods with larger racial and ethnic minority populations had a lower likelihood of LDLT compared to those from white populations.
A recent study published in Depression and Anxiety found that moderate-to-vigorous physical activity and sufficient sleep are crucial for protecting mental health in middle age. Replacing sedentary behavior with light activity produced smaller benefits compared to moderate-to-vigorous physical activity, highlighting the importance of i...
The study found that population-based pathogenic variant testing reveals different subsets of high-risk women than clinical risk factors and polygenic risk scores. This highlights the importance of incorporating PV testing into risk-based screening for breast cancer.
Institutional Special Needs Plan (I-SNP) enrollment was associated with significantly fewer hospitalizations for nursing home residents with dementia at the end of life, according to a retrospective cohort study. Effect sizes were larger for UnitedHealthcare (UHC) I-SNPs vs non-UHC plans. Plan maturity and volume likely impact success.
A large cohort study found that antenatal opioid exposure was associated with impaired cerebral cortical folding in newborns. The extent of impairment differed based on the opioid type and presence of polysubstance exposure. Longitudinal assessments aim to inform early interventions for vulnerable populations.
A cohort study found that Medicaid prescription caps were associated with lower overall prescription medication use and greater frequency of acute care visits among young adults with opioid use disorder. This suggests that the implementation of these caps may have unintended consequences for individuals struggling with addiction.
A cohort study found two-thirds of newly diagnosed heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction didn't undergo left ventricular ejection fraction reassessment, limiting treatment opportunities. Guideline-directed medical therapy was also underutilized among persistent heart failure patients who benefit most from it.
A cohort study found increased pediatric capability was not linked to differences in imaging use by insurance or racial/ethnic groups. Additional efforts are needed to improve quality and equity of care for children.
A nationwide implementation of a uniform multimodal prehabilitation program significantly reduced complication rates and length of hospital stay among patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. This study highlights the benefits of standardized preoperative care in improving patient outcomes.
A cohort study found that participants with unfavorable long-term memory trajectories were less active and more sedentary, suggesting a link between cognitive change and later-life movement patterns. The study's results have implications for understanding the relationship between aging, cognition, and physical activity.
A new study presents dual immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using RSVpreF and nirsevimab, showing reduced hospitalizations among infants in France. The study found that this combined approach demonstrates potential for enhanced RSV prevention and protection
A cohort study found chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with reduced life expectancy. Adults with COPD had shorter lifespans compared to those without the condition, regardless of smoking history.
A cohort study found a potential association between GLP-1 RA use and improved survival rates among obese breast cancer patients with related metabolic conditions. Further evaluation of GLP-1 RA therapy in randomized clinical trials is warranted based on these findings.
A cohort study found that ultraexpensive drugs in Medicare Part D have limited international availability, highlighting their fiscal significance. Internationally unavailable products often result in higher spending per beneficiary.
A new study finds that pregnant women with low levels of a specific fatty acid molecule are more likely to have children with childhood asthma. The researchers also found that children of these mothers are more prone to respiratory infections and altered lung microbiomes.
A cohort study found that poor housing affordability was associated with higher risks of frailty, disability, dementia, and mortality, while poor housing quality was linked to increased risks of frailty, disability, and mortality. Housing insecurity is identified as a clinically relevant social determinant of health among older persons.
A large cohort study found a modestly increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use. In contrast, SGLT2 inhibitor use was not linked to an increased risk. The findings warrant heightened vigilance for GLP-1 RA users.
A cohort study found that bereavement was associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strongest association was observed for partner or sibling loss during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of targeted clinical monitoring and preventive care for bereaved individuals.
A cohort study found that bullying and restrictive legislation were associated with higher rates of psychotic-like experiences in gender-diverse youths. The study suggests that supportive environments and policies can help alleviate mental health concerns among this population.
A cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with ADHD at a younger age tended to perform better academically, receiving more education and experiencing lower dropout rates compared to those diagnosed closer to age 16. This suggests that targeted support for early diagnoses could help prevent school dropout.
Advanced or metastatic cancers often go without tumor genomic testing, with those from low-income backgrounds facing longer wait times. JAMA Network Open highlights the need for targeted healthcare policies to bridge these gaps.
A $35 monthly insulin out-of-pocket cap is associated with significantly lower insulin costs, increased access to insulin, and decreased blood glucose levels among Medicare beneficiaries. This finding suggests that federal cost-sharing policies could improve access to essential medications in diabetes.
Among highly boosted patients with cancer, overall postacute sequelae risk was not elevated compared to noninfected patients; hospitalized COVID-19 patients remained at increased risk despite therapeutics. Vaccination and boosting remain important in mitigating long COVID among immunocompromised patients
The BD² Integrated Network Longitudinal Cohort Study combines clinical, biological, neuroimaging, and real-world behavioral data to transform understanding of bipolar disorder. The release includes data from 615 participants, covering mood, cognition, brain structure, wearable sensor data, and biological samples.
The study found that women with pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including dissections and aneurysms. Women with P-SCAD also experienced less recovery in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those without P-SCAD.
A post hoc analysis of the Finerenone Trial reveals that sudden death in heart failure was often preceded by modest worsening of symptoms and declining quality of life. The study suggests limited specificity for sudden death among other modes of death, implying a complex trajectory before modes of death.
Researchers explore pragmatic pharmacist-led deprescribing interventions, including ALIGN, to improve medication management in older adults with cognitive impairment. Validation of hospitalization, death, and hospice care data from skilled nursing facility EHRs and Medicare claims shows promise for improved care coordination.
Children with metabolically healthy obesity at treatment initiation have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Reduction in BMI z score is associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, suggesting treatment should be recommended for these children as well.
The study identified six sleep health dimensions in young adolescents: irregularity, timing, duration, social jetlag, weekend oversleep, and continuity. Greater irregularity was associated with higher concurrent transdiagnostic mental health symptoms, while shorter duration was linked to increased symptoms at follow-up.
A cohort study found that smokers with negative baseline low-dose computed tomography findings had a significantly increased long-term lung cancer risk, becoming apparent only after two years of screening. This suggests supporting extended initial screening intervals and personalized long-term monitoring based on smoking history.
This mixed-methods cohort study reveals pervasive violence against Australian women who inject drugs, with severe consequences. Despite this, rates of seeking healthcare remain low due to structural and social barriers.
A mixed-methods cohort study found daily living impairment is linked to slower recovery in older adults post-surgery. Targeted interventions, such as preoperative education and caregiver support, can optimize recovery experiences for both patients and caregivers.
A cohort study found that 180-minute drives from a donor care unit are common, highlighting the need to improve system efficiency and donation outcomes by opening additional DCUs in acute care hospitals and expanding donor transport across existing boundaries
A cohort study found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with an increased risk of treatment-resistant depression in adults. Preventing ACEs and incorporating ACE history into clinical assessment may help identify individuals at elevated risk for treatment resistance.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and brain metastases who used GLP-1 receptor agonists showed a significant reduction in all-cause mortality. The use of these medications was associated with reduced neuroinflammation, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, and lowered oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
A large cohort study found that fewer than 1 in 4 adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes remained on GLP-1RA treatment after 12 months. Treatment switching between GLP-1RA agents was common, reflecting active therapy management and the emergence of new formulations and weight management agents.
A population-level cohort study of 20 low-mortality countries found that females aged 35-60 have higher cancer mortality rates than males, despite similar treatment and diagnostic pathways. The study highlights the need for targeted action to improve the prevention, early detection, and treatment of female reproductive cancers.
A study in Taiwan found a positive association between maternal prenatal acetaminophen use and increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. However, associations were not observed in sibling-matched analyses, suggesting unaddressed sources of bias.
Higher ultraprocessed food consumption in Canadian preschoolers was associated with increased emotional symptoms by age 5. Replacing UPF with minimally processed foods may support healthier behavioral development and long-term mental health.
Patients who are dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, or enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans, are less likely to receive high-quality postacute care after a stroke. This disparity highlights the need for equitable access to specialized care to improve outcomes for high-need patients.
A large new study published in JAMA Health Forum found that past-year cannabis use during adolescence is associated with a significantly higher risk of incident psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders. Cannabis use preceded psychiatric diagnoses by an average of 1.7 to 2.3 years.
A cohort study found that adolescent cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders, particularly psychotic and bipolar conditions. The study's results inform the development of interventions and policies to prevent or delay adolescent cannabis use.
A cohort study of 3,230 kidney transplant recipients found that transplantation reverses declining employment income, enabling meaningful economic recovery. The findings highlight the socioeconomic value of transplantation and inform policies to support patients during pretransplant vulnerability.
Cohort study finds prenatal depression and gestational diabetes independently increase childhood obesity risk, while children exposed to both face the greatest risk, highlighting need for universal screening and targeted interventions.
A nationwide cohort study found that semaglutide initiators had a significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy compared to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor initiators. The absolute risk was low, but clinicians and patients should be aware of this rare but evident increased risk.
Access to higher-level neonatal care is limited at rural birth hospitals, where less than 20% offer this care compared to 74% of urban hospitals. Urban birth hospitals are expanding higher-level neonatal care, exacerbating geographic disparities in access to care for high-risk infants.
A new study finds that US South Asians have higher rates of prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension than other population groups, despite healthier diets and exercise habits. The study identifies a critical window in the 40s when risk is already high, but disease is still preventable with early intervention.
A cohort study found combined GLP-1RA and progestin therapy reduces endometrial cancer risk in women with benign uterine pathology or endometrial hyperplasia. The study suggests potential benefits of this treatment approach for nonmalignant uterine diseases.