Research that follows groups of people over time. Covers cancer-linked stroke, light exposure and health, neurodegeneration in athletes, and fertility-treatment risk.
A cohort study found that Medicaid prescription caps were associated with lower overall prescription medication use and greater frequency of acute care visits among young adults with opioid use disorder. This suggests that the implementation of these caps may have unintended consequences for individuals struggling with addiction.
A large cohort study found that antenatal opioid exposure was associated with impaired cerebral cortical folding in newborns. The extent of impairment differed based on the opioid type and presence of polysubstance exposure. Longitudinal assessments aim to inform early interventions for vulnerable populations.
A cohort study found two-thirds of newly diagnosed heart failure patients with reduced ejection fraction didn't undergo left ventricular ejection fraction reassessment, limiting treatment opportunities. Guideline-directed medical therapy was also underutilized among persistent heart failure patients who benefit most from it.
A nationwide implementation of a uniform multimodal prehabilitation program significantly reduced complication rates and length of hospital stay among patients undergoing colorectal cancer surgery. This study highlights the benefits of standardized preoperative care in improving patient outcomes.
A cohort study found increased pediatric capability was not linked to differences in imaging use by insurance or racial/ethnic groups. Additional efforts are needed to improve quality and equity of care for children.
A cohort study found that participants with unfavorable long-term memory trajectories were less active and more sedentary, suggesting a link between cognitive change and later-life movement patterns. The study's results have implications for understanding the relationship between aging, cognition, and physical activity.
A new study presents dual immunization against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) using RSVpreF and nirsevimab, showing reduced hospitalizations among infants in France. The study found that this combined approach demonstrates potential for enhanced RSV prevention and protection
A cohort study found chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) associated with reduced life expectancy. Adults with COPD had shorter lifespans compared to those without the condition, regardless of smoking history.
A recent cohort study found that COVID-19 vaccination is associated with a lower risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. The study suggests that vaccination may indirectly reduce overall exposure to the virus.
A longitudinal study found that mothers with hypertensive disorders during pregnancy had children with suboptimal cardiovascular health and arterial injury in early adulthood. Optimizing pregnancy health may support offspring cardiovascular well-being.
A cohort study found a potential association between GLP-1 RA use and improved survival rates among obese breast cancer patients with related metabolic conditions. Further evaluation of GLP-1 RA therapy in randomized clinical trials is warranted based on these findings.
A new study has found that individuals with insulin-requiring type 1 and type 2 diabetes have a significantly higher risk of developing dementia compared to those without diabetes. The study, which examined over 1.3 million adults in South Korea, suggests that dementia risk is not the same for all types of diabetes.
A nationwide cohort study found a bidirectional association between premenstrual disorders and psychiatric disorders, highlighting the need for sex- and menstrual cycle–informed care in psychiatry. The study's findings emphasize the importance of considering menstrual cycles when diagnosing and treating psychiatric conditions.
A recent study found a one-year mortality rate of 8.6% among opioid overdose survivors, significantly higher than previous estimates. The study also revealed that 21.2% of individuals experienced repeat overdoses within the same year.
A cohort study found that poor housing affordability was associated with higher risks of frailty, disability, dementia, and mortality, while poor housing quality was linked to increased risks of frailty, disability, and mortality. Housing insecurity is identified as a clinically relevant social determinant of health among older persons.
A cohort study found that ultraexpensive drugs in Medicare Part D have limited international availability, highlighting their fiscal significance. Internationally unavailable products often result in higher spending per beneficiary.
A new study finds that pregnant women with low levels of a specific fatty acid molecule are more likely to have children with childhood asthma. The researchers also found that children of these mothers are more prone to respiratory infections and altered lung microbiomes.
A large cohort study found a modestly increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use. In contrast, SGLT2 inhibitor use was not linked to an increased risk. The findings warrant heightened vigilance for GLP-1 RA users.
A cohort study found that bereavement was associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strongest association was observed for partner or sibling loss during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of targeted clinical monitoring and preventive care for bereaved individuals.
A cohort study found that bullying and restrictive legislation were associated with higher rates of psychotic-like experiences in gender-diverse youths. The study suggests that supportive environments and policies can help alleviate mental health concerns among this population.
A cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with ADHD at a younger age tended to perform better academically, receiving more education and experiencing lower dropout rates compared to those diagnosed closer to age 16. This suggests that targeted support for early diagnoses could help prevent school dropout.
Advanced or metastatic cancers often go without tumor genomic testing, with those from low-income backgrounds facing longer wait times. JAMA Network Open highlights the need for targeted healthcare policies to bridge these gaps.
A $35 monthly insulin out-of-pocket cap is associated with significantly lower insulin costs, increased access to insulin, and decreased blood glucose levels among Medicare beneficiaries. This finding suggests that federal cost-sharing policies could improve access to essential medications in diabetes.
Among highly boosted patients with cancer, overall postacute sequelae risk was not elevated compared to noninfected patients; hospitalized COVID-19 patients remained at increased risk despite therapeutics. Vaccination and boosting remain important in mitigating long COVID among immunocompromised patients
The BD² Integrated Network Longitudinal Cohort Study combines clinical, biological, neuroimaging, and real-world behavioral data to transform understanding of bipolar disorder. The release includes data from 615 participants, covering mood, cognition, brain structure, wearable sensor data, and biological samples.
The study found that women with pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including dissections and aneurysms. Women with P-SCAD also experienced less recovery in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those without P-SCAD.
A post hoc analysis of the Finerenone Trial reveals that sudden death in heart failure was often preceded by modest worsening of symptoms and declining quality of life. The study suggests limited specificity for sudden death among other modes of death, implying a complex trajectory before modes of death.
Researchers explore pragmatic pharmacist-led deprescribing interventions, including ALIGN, to improve medication management in older adults with cognitive impairment. Validation of hospitalization, death, and hospice care data from skilled nursing facility EHRs and Medicare claims shows promise for improved care coordination.
Children with metabolically healthy obesity at treatment initiation have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Reduction in BMI z score is associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, suggesting treatment should be recommended for these children as well.
The study identified six sleep health dimensions in young adolescents: irregularity, timing, duration, social jetlag, weekend oversleep, and continuity. Greater irregularity was associated with higher concurrent transdiagnostic mental health symptoms, while shorter duration was linked to increased symptoms at follow-up.
A cohort study found that smokers with negative baseline low-dose computed tomography findings had a significantly increased long-term lung cancer risk, becoming apparent only after two years of screening. This suggests supporting extended initial screening intervals and personalized long-term monitoring based on smoking history.
This mixed-methods cohort study reveals pervasive violence against Australian women who inject drugs, with severe consequences. Despite this, rates of seeking healthcare remain low due to structural and social barriers.
A cohort study found that 180-minute drives from a donor care unit are common, highlighting the need to improve system efficiency and donation outcomes by opening additional DCUs in acute care hospitals and expanding donor transport across existing boundaries
A mixed-methods cohort study found daily living impairment is linked to slower recovery in older adults post-surgery. Targeted interventions, such as preoperative education and caregiver support, can optimize recovery experiences for both patients and caregivers.
A cohort study found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with an increased risk of treatment-resistant depression in adults. Preventing ACEs and incorporating ACE history into clinical assessment may help identify individuals at elevated risk for treatment resistance.
Patients with type 2 diabetes and brain metastases who used GLP-1 receptor agonists showed a significant reduction in all-cause mortality. The use of these medications was associated with reduced neuroinflammation, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, and lowered oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
A population-level cohort study of 20 low-mortality countries found that females aged 35-60 have higher cancer mortality rates than males, despite similar treatment and diagnostic pathways. The study highlights the need for targeted action to improve the prevention, early detection, and treatment of female reproductive cancers.
A large cohort study found that fewer than 1 in 4 adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes remained on GLP-1RA treatment after 12 months. Treatment switching between GLP-1RA agents was common, reflecting active therapy management and the emergence of new formulations and weight management agents.
A study in Taiwan found a positive association between maternal prenatal acetaminophen use and increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. However, associations were not observed in sibling-matched analyses, suggesting unaddressed sources of bias.
Higher ultraprocessed food consumption in Canadian preschoolers was associated with increased emotional symptoms by age 5. Replacing UPF with minimally processed foods may support healthier behavioral development and long-term mental health.
Patients who are dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, or enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans, are less likely to receive high-quality postacute care after a stroke. This disparity highlights the need for equitable access to specialized care to improve outcomes for high-need patients.
A large new study published in JAMA Health Forum found that past-year cannabis use during adolescence is associated with a significantly higher risk of incident psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders. Cannabis use preceded psychiatric diagnoses by an average of 1.7 to 2.3 years.
A cohort study found that adolescent cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders, particularly psychotic and bipolar conditions. The study's results inform the development of interventions and policies to prevent or delay adolescent cannabis use.
A cohort study of 3,230 kidney transplant recipients found that transplantation reverses declining employment income, enabling meaningful economic recovery. The findings highlight the socioeconomic value of transplantation and inform policies to support patients during pretransplant vulnerability.
Cohort study finds prenatal depression and gestational diabetes independently increase childhood obesity risk, while children exposed to both face the greatest risk, highlighting need for universal screening and targeted interventions.
Access to higher-level neonatal care is limited at rural birth hospitals, where less than 20% offer this care compared to 74% of urban hospitals. Urban birth hospitals are expanding higher-level neonatal care, exacerbating geographic disparities in access to care for high-risk infants.
A nationwide cohort study found that semaglutide initiators had a significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy compared to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor initiators. The absolute risk was low, but clinicians and patients should be aware of this rare but evident increased risk.
A new study finds that US South Asians have higher rates of prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension than other population groups, despite healthier diets and exercise habits. The study identifies a critical window in the 40s when risk is already high, but disease is still preventable with early intervention.
A cohort study found combined GLP-1RA and progestin therapy reduces endometrial cancer risk in women with benign uterine pathology or endometrial hyperplasia. The study suggests potential benefits of this treatment approach for nonmalignant uterine diseases.
A recent cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 experienced worse short-term survival rates compared to those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. The study suggests substantial harms associated with cancer care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
A cohort study reveals that infants from vegan households have similar growth patterns to those from omnivorous households, with a higher risk of early underweight at birth. As the findings suggest, further research is needed to examine the quality of vegan diets and the impact of nutritional counseling during pregnancy and infancy.
A cohort study found a disproportionate increase in postpartum depression among women and adolescents in low-socioeconomic status communities following state abortion bans. The legislation disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for targeted mental health support and policy interventions.
A recent study by RIKEN researchers analyzed the effects of pesticides and fertilizers on mandarin oranges in real-world farms across Japan. The findings showed that reducing chemical pesticides led to more fruit diseases, while also enhancing soil microbial diversity and improving carbon content. This trade-off highlights the need for...
A cohort study of 47,000 adults found that males had a 63% greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to females after adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. The study suggests intrinsic biological factors, such as sex hormones or immune response, may contribute to these sex differences in mortality.
Adverse experiences throughout life increase dementia and stroke risks, with depression as a mediating factor. Implementing life-course interventions addressing psychological trauma and mental health can reduce neurovascular disease burden.
Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) significantly lowers risks of limb events, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and kidney disease progression compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes. GLP-1 RAs are preferred for secondary prevention in this high-risk population.
A cohort study found that Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act was associated with lower overall mortality among women with breast cancer aged 40-64. The benefits of expanded coverage were uneven, highlighting persistent disparities in healthcare access for certain populations.
A cohort study of St. Louis adults found that heightened cumulative lifespan stress and elevated inflammation were associated with shorter survival among Black participants. The findings highlight the need for policies addressing structural racism and treatments reducing inflammation to reduce mortality disparities.
A cohort study found that stronger family connections during adolescence can lead to improved social connections in adulthood. The study suggests that increasing family connection may help mitigate the effects of adult social disconnection.
Research from the University of Warwick finds that teenage girls who manage their bodies through constant dieting and exercise face heightened risks of psychological health issues. By age 20, these young women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression, highlighting the need for a broader approach to mental health support.