Cohort Studies
Articles tagged with Cohort Studies
Adverse pregnancy outcomes and cardiovascular health among offspring in early adulthood
Survival and recurrence with GLP-1 receptor agonists in breast cancer
A cohort study found a potential association between GLP-1 RA use and improved survival rates among obese breast cancer patients with related metabolic conditions. Further evaluation of GLP-1 RA therapy in randomized clinical trials is warranted based on these findings.
New study finds higher dementia risk in insulin-requiring diabetes
Bidirectional association between premenstrual disorders and psychiatric disorders
One-year mortality among opioid overdose survivors
Housing insecurity, incident geriatric conditions, and mortality in community-living older persons
A cohort study found that poor housing affordability was associated with higher risks of frailty, disability, dementia, and mortality, while poor housing quality was linked to increased risks of frailty, disability, and mortality. Housing insecurity is identified as a clinically relevant social determinant of health among older persons.
International availability and price of ultraexpensive drugs in Medicare Part D
A cohort study found that ultraexpensive drugs in Medicare Part D have limited international availability, highlighting their fiscal significance. Internationally unavailable products often result in higher spending per beneficiary.
Mothers without specific fatty acid in the blood more often have children with asthma
A new study finds that pregnant women with low levels of a specific fatty acid molecule are more likely to have children with childhood asthma. The researchers also found that children of these mothers are more prone to respiratory infections and altered lung microbiomes.
GLP-1 receptor agonists or SGLT2 inhibitors and nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy
A large cohort study found a modestly increased risk of nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy associated with GLP-1 receptor agonist use. In contrast, SGLT2 inhibitor use was not linked to an increased risk. The findings warrant heightened vigilance for GLP-1 RA users.
Bereavement and risk of cardiovascular disease before and during the COVID-19 pandemic
A cohort study found that bereavement was associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk both before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. The strongest association was observed for partner or sibling loss during the pandemic, highlighting the importance of targeted clinical monitoring and preventive care for bereaved individuals.
Bullying, state policy, and mental health symptoms in gender-diverse youths
A cohort study found that bullying and restrictive legislation were associated with higher rates of psychotic-like experiences in gender-diverse youths. The study suggests that supportive environments and policies can help alleviate mental health concerns among this population.
Age at first ADHD diagnosis and educational outcomes
A cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with ADHD at a younger age tended to perform better academically, receiving more education and experiencing lower dropout rates compared to those diagnosed closer to age 16. This suggests that targeted support for early diagnoses could help prevent school dropout.
Trends and disparities in the use of next-generation sequencing in patients with cancer in the US
Advanced or metastatic cancers often go without tumor genomic testing, with those from low-income backgrounds facing longer wait times. JAMA Network Open highlights the need for targeted healthcare policies to bridge these gaps.
Out-of-pocket spending for insulin by Medicare beneficiaries after monthly caps
A $35 monthly insulin out-of-pocket cap is associated with significantly lower insulin costs, increased access to insulin, and decreased blood glucose levels among Medicare beneficiaries. This finding suggests that federal cost-sharing policies could improve access to essential medications in diabetes.
Postacute sequelae following omicron COVID-19 in patients with cancer
Among highly boosted patients with cancer, overall postacute sequelae risk was not elevated compared to noninfected patients; hospitalized COVID-19 patients remained at increased risk despite therapeutics. Vaccination and boosting remain important in mitigating long COVID among immunocompromised patients
BD² releases largest multi‑modal psychiatric dataset to accelerate breakthroughs in bipolar disorder
The BD² Integrated Network Longitudinal Cohort Study combines clinical, biological, neuroimaging, and real-world behavioral data to transform understanding of bipolar disorder. The release includes data from 615 participants, covering mood, cognition, brain structure, wearable sensor data, and biological samples.
Pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection
The study found that women with pregnancy-associated spontaneous coronary artery dissection (P-SCAD) have a higher risk of cardiovascular events, including dissections and aneurysms. Women with P-SCAD also experienced less recovery in left ventricular ejection fraction compared to those without P-SCAD.
Biomarker, functional status, and quality-of-life trajectories before modes of death in heart failure
A post hoc analysis of the Finerenone Trial reveals that sudden death in heart failure was often preceded by modest worsening of symptoms and declining quality of life. The study suggests limited specificity for sudden death among other modes of death, implying a complex trajectory before modes of death.
From angiotensin receptor-neprilysin inhibitor exposure to a pragmatic pharmacist-led deprescribing intervention, & validating measures between the electronic health record and Medicare Claims, geriatrics research is shaping the future of care
Researchers explore pragmatic pharmacist-led deprescribing interventions, including ALIGN, to improve medication management in older adults with cognitive impairment. Validation of hospitalization, death, and hospice care data from skilled nursing facility EHRs and Medicare claims shows promise for improved care coordination.
Sleep health dimensions from wearables and transdiagnostic mental health in young adolescents
The study identified six sleep health dimensions in young adolescents: irregularity, timing, duration, social jetlag, weekend oversleep, and continuity. Greater irregularity was associated with higher concurrent transdiagnostic mental health symptoms, while shorter duration was linked to increased symptoms at follow-up.
Long-term cardiometabolic outcomes in children with metabolically healthy and unhealthy obesity
Children with metabolically healthy obesity at treatment initiation have an increased risk of type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and dyslipidemia. Reduction in BMI z score is associated with reduced cardiometabolic risk, suggesting treatment should be recommended for these children as well.
Tobacco smoking and lung cancer risk after negative baseline low-dose computed tomography findings
A cohort study found that smokers with negative baseline low-dose computed tomography findings had a significantly increased long-term lung cancer risk, becoming apparent only after two years of screening. This suggests supporting extended initial screening intervals and personalized long-term monitoring based on smoking history.
Violence against women who inject drugs
This mixed-methods cohort study reveals pervasive violence against Australian women who inject drugs, with severe consequences. Despite this, rates of seeking healthcare remain low due to structural and social barriers.
Geographic accessibility of deceased organ donor care units
A cohort study found that 180-minute drives from a donor care unit are common, highlighting the need to improve system efficiency and donation outcomes by opening additional DCUs in acute care hospitals and expanding donor transport across existing boundaries
Recovery experiences of older adults and their caregivers after major elective noncardiac surgery
A mixed-methods cohort study found daily living impairment is linked to slower recovery in older adults post-surgery. Targeted interventions, such as preoperative education and caregiver support, can optimize recovery experiences for both patients and caregivers.
Adverse childhood experiences and treatment-resistant depression
A cohort study found that adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) were associated with an increased risk of treatment-resistant depression in adults. Preventing ACEs and incorporating ACE history into clinical assessment may help identify individuals at elevated risk for treatment resistance.
GLP-1 receptor agonist use and survival among patients with type 2 diabetes and brain metastases
Patients with type 2 diabetes and brain metastases who used GLP-1 receptor agonists showed a significant reduction in all-cause mortality. The use of these medications was associated with reduced neuroinflammation, preservation of the blood-brain barrier, and lowered oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction.
Female reproductive cancers and the sex gap in survival
A population-level cohort study of 20 low-mortality countries found that females aged 35-60 have higher cancer mortality rates than males, despite similar treatment and diagnostic pathways. The study highlights the need for targeted action to improve the prevention, early detection, and treatment of female reproductive cancers.
GLP-1RA switching and treatment persistence in adults without diabetes
A large cohort study found that fewer than 1 in 4 adults with overweight or obesity without diabetes remained on GLP-1RA treatment after 12 months. Treatment switching between GLP-1RA agents was common, reflecting active therapy management and the emergence of new formulations and weight management agents.
Maternal acetaminophen use and child neurodevelopment
A study in Taiwan found a positive association between maternal prenatal acetaminophen use and increased risk of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. However, associations were not observed in sibling-matched analyses, suggesting unaddressed sources of bias.
Ultraprocessed food consumption and behavioral outcomes in Canadian children
Higher ultraprocessed food consumption in Canadian preschoolers was associated with increased emotional symptoms by age 5. Replacing UPF with minimally processed foods may support healthier behavioral development and long-term mental health.
Association of dual eligibility and medicare type with quality of postacute care after stroke
Patients who are dual-eligible for Medicare and Medicaid, or enrolled in Medicare Advantage plans, are less likely to receive high-quality postacute care after a stroke. This disparity highlights the need for equitable access to specialized care to improve outcomes for high-need patients.
Study: Adolescent cannabis use linked to doubling risk of psychotic and bipolar disorders
A large new study published in JAMA Health Forum found that past-year cannabis use during adolescence is associated with a significantly higher risk of incident psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders. Cannabis use preceded psychiatric diagnoses by an average of 1.7 to 2.3 years.
Adolescent cannabis use and risk of psychotic, bipolar, depressive, and anxiety disorders
A cohort study found that adolescent cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of developing psychiatric disorders, particularly psychotic and bipolar conditions. The study's results inform the development of interventions and policies to prevent or delay adolescent cannabis use.
Transplantation and employment earnings in kidney transplant recipients
A cohort study of 3,230 kidney transplant recipients found that transplantation reverses declining employment income, enabling meaningful economic recovery. The findings highlight the socioeconomic value of transplantation and inform policies to support patients during pretransplant vulnerability.
Joint and independent associations of gestational diabetes and depression with childhood obesity
Cohort study finds prenatal depression and gestational diabetes independently increase childhood obesity risk, while children exposed to both face the greatest risk, highlighting need for universal screening and targeted interventions.
Availability of higher-level neonatal care in rural and urban US hospitals
Access to higher-level neonatal care is limited at rural birth hospitals, where less than 20% offer this care compared to 74% of urban hospitals. Urban birth hospitals are expanding higher-level neonatal care, exacerbating geographic disparities in access to care for high-risk infants.
New-onset nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy and initiators of semaglutide in US veterans with type 2 diabetes
A nationwide cohort study found that semaglutide initiators had a significantly higher risk of developing nonarteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy compared to sodium-glucose cotransporter-2 inhibitor initiators. The absolute risk was low, but clinicians and patients should be aware of this rare but evident increased risk.
US South Asians face elevated heart risk at age 45 despite healthier habits
A new study finds that US South Asians have higher rates of prediabetes, diabetes, and hypertension than other population groups, despite healthier diets and exercise habits. The study identifies a critical window in the 40s when risk is already high, but disease is still preventable with early intervention.
GLP-1 receptor agonists plus progestins and endometrial cancer risk in nonmalignant uterine diseases
A cohort study found combined GLP-1RA and progestin therapy reduces endometrial cancer risk in women with benign uterine pathology or endometrial hyperplasia. The study suggests potential benefits of this treatment approach for nonmalignant uterine diseases.
Survival of patients diagnosed with cancer during the COVID-19 pandemic
A recent cohort study found that individuals diagnosed with cancer in 2020 and 2021 experienced worse short-term survival rates compared to those diagnosed between 2015 and 2019. The study suggests substantial harms associated with cancer care disruptions during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Growth trajectories in infants from families with plant-based or omnivorous dietary patterns
A cohort study reveals that infants from vegan households have similar growth patterns to those from omnivorous households, with a higher risk of early underweight at birth. As the findings suggest, further research is needed to examine the quality of vegan diets and the impact of nutritional counseling during pregnancy and infancy.
Socioeconomic status and postpartum depression risk by state trigger laws after dobbs
A cohort study found a disproportionate increase in postpartum depression among women and adolescents in low-socioeconomic status communities following state abortion bans. The legislation disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, highlighting the need for targeted mental health support and policy interventions.
Pros and cons of pesticides and fertilizers in real-world mandarin orange farms
A recent study by RIKEN researchers analyzed the effects of pesticides and fertilizers on mandarin oranges in real-world farms across Japan. The findings showed that reducing chemical pesticides led to more fruit diseases, while also enhancing soil microbial diversity and improving carbon content. This trade-off highlights the need for...
Sex and all-cause mortality in the US, 1999 to 2019
A cohort study of 47,000 adults found that males had a 63% greater risk of all-cause mortality compared to females after adjusting for demographic and behavioral factors. The study suggests intrinsic biological factors, such as sex hormones or immune response, may contribute to these sex differences in mortality.
GLP-1 RAs and prior major adverse limb events in patients with diabetes
Treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1 RAs) significantly lowers risks of limb events, cardiovascular events, all-cause mortality, and kidney disease progression compared to dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors in patients with diabetes. GLP-1 RAs are preferred for secondary prevention in this high-risk population.
Life-course psychosocial stress and risk of dementia and stroke in middle-aged and older adults
Adverse experiences throughout life increase dementia and stroke risks, with depression as a mediating factor. Implementing life-course interventions addressing psychological trauma and mental health can reduce neurovascular disease burden.
Medicaid expansion and overall mortality among women with breast cancer
A cohort study found that Medicaid expansion under the Affordable Care Act was associated with lower overall mortality among women with breast cancer aged 40-64. The benefits of expanded coverage were uneven, highlighting persistent disparities in healthcare access for certain populations.
Family connection in adolescence and social connection in adulthood
A cohort study found that stronger family connections during adolescence can lead to improved social connections in adulthood. The study suggests that increasing family connection may help mitigate the effects of adult social disconnection.
Cumulative lifespan stress, inflammation, and racial disparities in mortality between black and white adults
A cohort study of St. Louis adults found that heightened cumulative lifespan stress and elevated inflammation were associated with shorter survival among Black participants. The findings highlight the need for policies addressing structural racism and treatments reducing inflammation to reduce mortality disparities.
Body-focused teens more likely to experience anxiety and depression at 20
Research from the University of Warwick finds that teenage girls who manage their bodies through constant dieting and exercise face heightened risks of psychological health issues. By age 20, these young women are more likely to experience anxiety and depression, highlighting the need for a broader approach to mental health support.
Shingles vaccine linked to slower biological aging in older adults
A new study found that shingles vaccination is associated with lower inflammation, slower epigenetic aging, and overall slower biological aging in older adults. Vaccination showed benefits even four years after the initial dose.
Community water fluoridation and birth outcomes
A large cohort study found no association between community water fluoridation and adverse birth outcomes, providing reassurance about its safety during pregnancy. The study highlights the importance of rigorous causal designs in evaluating public health interventions.
Air pollution and cardiac remodeling and function in patients with breast cancer
Fine particulate matter and ozone exposure independently associated with poorer cardiac health outcomes in breast cancer patients treated with cardiotoxic therapy. Environmental exposure modifications are crucial to mitigate cardiovascular disease risk.
Risk of suicide in patients with traumatic injuries
A cohort study found a 9-fold increased risk of suicide in Norwegian patients discharged alive after critical injury. Follow-up is recommended for possible psychological distress in this patient group.
Genetic predisposition to excess body weight and survival in women diagnosed with breast cancer
Women with a genetic predisposition to higher body mass index are at increased risk of all-cause mortality after breast cancer diagnosis. Targeted lifestyle recommendations can mitigate this risk.
Social media use and well-being across adolescent development
A cohort study of students in grades 4-12 found that social media use varied by age and sex, with heavy use linked to poorer well-being. The study's findings suggest that abstinence from social media may not always be beneficial for adolescents.
Body composition changes after bariatric surgery or treatment with GLP-1 receptor agonists
Both bariatric surgery and semaglutide treatment were associated with significant fat mass loss, moderate fat-free mass loss, and an improved FFM to fat mass ratio. These findings support interventions aimed at preserving muscle mass while promoting weight loss.
Interim safety of RSVpreF vaccination during pregnancy
A recent study found that the RSVpreF vaccine does not pose a significant risk to pregnant women, providing reassurance for those who wish to be vaccinated. The interim report presents data from a large cohort of pregnancies with vaccine-seeking behavior, and results suggest no notable adverse effects.